在SciPy入门文档的结尾处有一则简短的评论：
另一个有用的命令是source。当将Python函数作为参数传递时，它会打印出该函数的源代码清单。这对于学习算法或理解函数如何处理其参数非常有帮助。此外，不要忘记Python命令dir，它可用于查看模块或包的命名空间。
我认为，只要拥有足够了解所涉及到的所有软件包的知识，就可以分析出一些 scipy和numpy函数之间差异的确切内容（这对我完全没用，因为它没有帮助我回答关于log10的问题）。我肯定没有那个知识，但是source确实表明scipy.linalg.solve和numpy.linalg.solve以不同的方式与lapack进行交互；
Python 2.4.3 (
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
>>> import scipy
>>> import scipy.linalg
>>> import numpy
>>> scipy.source(scipy.linalg.solve)
In file: /usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/scipy/linalg/basic.py
def solve(a, b, sym_pos=0, lower=0, overwrite_a=0, overwrite_b=0,
debug = 0):
""" solve(a, b, sym_pos=0, lower=0, overwrite_a=0, overwrite_b=0) -> x
Solve a linear system of equations a * x = b for x.
Inputs:
a -- An N x N matrix.
b -- An N x nrhs matrix or N vector.
sym_pos -- Assume a is symmetric and positive definite.
lower -- Assume a is lower triangular, otherwise upper one.
Only used if sym_pos is true.
overwrite_y - Discard data in y, where y is a or b.
Outputs:
x -- The solution to the system a * x = b
"""
a1, b1 = map(asarray_chkfinite,(a,b))
if len(a1.shape) != 2 or a1.shape[0] != a1.shape[1]:
raise ValueError, 'expected square matrix'
if a1.shape[0] != b1.shape[0]:
raise ValueError, 'incompatible dimensions'
overwrite_a = overwrite_a or (a1 is not a and not hasattr(a,'__array__'))
overwrite_b = overwrite_b or (b1 is not b and not hasattr(b,'__array__'))
if debug:
print 'solve:overwrite_a=',overwrite_a
print 'solve:overwrite_b=',overwrite_b
if sym_pos:
posv, = get_lapack_funcs(('posv',),(a1,b1))
c,x,info = posv(a1,b1,
lower = lower,
overwrite_a=overwrite_a,
overwrite_b=overwrite_b)
else:
gesv, = get_lapack_funcs(('gesv',),(a1,b1))
lu,piv,x,info = gesv(a1,b1,
overwrite_a=overwrite_a,
overwrite_b=overwrite_b)
if info==0:
return x
if info>0:
raise LinAlgError, "singular matrix"
raise ValueError,\
'illegal value in %-th argument of internal gesv|posv'%(-info)
>>> scipy.source(numpy.linalg.solve)
In file: /usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py
def solve(a, b):
"""
Solve the equation ``a x = b`` for ``x``.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like, shape (M, M)
Input equation coefficients.
b : array_like, shape (M,)
Equation target values.
Returns
-------
x : array, shape (M,)
Raises
------
LinAlgError
If `a` is singular or not square.
Examples
--------
Solve the system of equations ``3 * x0 + x1 = 9`` and ``x0 + 2 * x1 = 8``:
>>> a = np.array([[3,1], [1,2]])
>>> b = np.array([9,8])
>>> x = np.linalg.solve(a, b)
>>> x
array([ 2., 3.])
Check that the solution is correct:
>>> (np.dot(a, x) == b).all()
True
"""
a, _ = _makearray(a)
b, wrap = _makearray(b)
one_eq = len(b.shape) == 1
if one_eq:
b = b[:, newaxis]
_assertRank2(a, b)
_assertSquareness(a)
n_eq = a.shape[0]
n_rhs = b.shape[1]
if n_eq != b.shape[0]:
raise LinAlgError, 'Incompatible dimensions'
t, result_t = _commonType(a, b)
if isComplexType(t):
lapack_routine = lapack_lite.zgesv
else:
lapack_routine = lapack_lite.dgesv
a, b = _fastCopyAndTranspose(t, a, b)
pivots = zeros(n_eq, fortran_int)
results = lapack_routine(n_eq, n_rhs, a, n_eq, pivots, b, n_eq, 0)
if results['info'] > 0:
raise LinAlgError, 'Singular matrix'
if one_eq:
return wrap(b.ravel().astype(result_t))
else:
return wrap(b.transpose().astype(result_t))
这也是我的第一篇文章，如果我需要在这里做出任何更改，请让我知道。
scipy和numpy命名空间之间的区别。尽管如此，人们仍然可以选择单独导入numpy并给它一个别名（例如np）来方便地使用其功能。这并不代表他们失败了，只是提供了更多的选择和灵活性。 - joris