我想要能够获取两个RGB-256向量并计算它们混合的结果,同时我也想为每个向量分配不同的权重。我已经使用Word颜色板进行过实验,并发现一些颜色确实按照加权平均值混合:
0.5*红(255,0,0) + 0.5*黄(255,255,0) = 橙(255,127,0)
但有些颜色则不是这样:
0.5*黄(255,255,0) + 0.5*蓝(0,0,255) = 灰(127,127,127)
而不是绿(0,255,0)
是否存在一个精确计算所有颜色的算法或者我只能使用查找表进行操作?
我不知道有没有这样的算法可以真实地组合RGB颜色。在我的回答中,我试图解释为什么这是不可能的,或者至少极其困难。如果你必须坚持使用RGB模型,你可以再等几天看看是否有其他人有什么想法,但我建议你开始制作那个查找表。;-)
我需要对我的一个库做同样的操作。我采用了这篇论文中提出的建议方法,结果相当可接受。
这个过程非常简单。需要将颜色转换到RYB颜色空间,进行混合,然后将结果转换回RGB。他们提出了一种转换方程,与下表一致:
RGB 颜色 | RGB 值 | RYB 值 |
---|---|---|
黑色 | R: 0 | G: 0 | B: 0 | R: 255 | Y: 255 | B: 255 |
红色 | R: 255 | G: 0 | B: 0 | R: 255 | Y: 0 | B: 0 |
绿色 | R: 0 | G: 255 | B: 0 | R: 0 | Y: 255 | B: 255 |
蓝色 | R: 0 | G: 0 | B: 255 | R: 0 | Y: 0 | B: 255 |
黄色 | R: 255 | G: 255 | B: 0 | R: 0 | Y: 255 | B: 0 |
品红 | R: 255 | G: 0 | B: 255 | R: 255 | Y: 0 | B: 127.5 |
青色 | R: 0 | G: 255 | B: 255 | R: 0 | Y: 127.5 | B: 255 |
白色 | R: 255 | G: 255 | B: 255 | R: 0 | Y: 0 | B: 0 |
这里提出了一些公式(以TypeScript
代码作为伪代码):
type RYBObject = {
r: number;
y: number;
b: number;
};
export const rgbToRYB = (r: number, g: number, b: number): RYBObject => {
const Iw = Math.min(r, g, b);
const Ib = Math.min(255 - r, 255 - g, 255 - b);
const rRGB = r - Iw;
const gRGB = g - Iw;
const bRGB = b - Iw;
const minRG = Math.min(rRGB, gRGB);
const rRYB = rRGB - minRG;
const yRYB = (gRGB + minRG) / 2;
const bRYB = (bRGB + gRGB - minRG) / 2;
const n = Math.max(rRYB, yRYB, bRYB, 1) / Math.max(rRGB, gRGB, bRGB, 1);
return {
r: rRYB / n + Ib,
y: yRYB / n + Ib,
b: bRYB / n + Ib
};
};
type RGBObject = {
r: number;
g: number;
b: number;
};
export const rybToRGB = (r: number, y: number, b: number): RGBObject => {
const Iw = Math.min(r, y, b);
const Ib = Math.min(255 - r, 255 - y, 255 - b);
const rRYB = r - Iw;
const yRYB = y - Iw;
const bRYB = b - Iw;
const minYB = Math.min(yRYB, bRYB);
const rRGB = rRYB + yRYB - minYB;
const gRGB = yRYB + minYB;
const bRGB = 2 * (bRYB - minYB);
const n = Math.max(rRGB, gRGB, bRGB, 1) / Math.max(rRYB, yRYB, bRYB, 1);
return {
r: rRGB / n + Ib,
g: gRGB / n + Ib,
b: bRGB / n + Ib
};
};
你可以使用这种方法混合颜色:
const mixColors = (c1: RYBObject, c2: RYBObject): RYBObject => ({
r: Math.min(255, c1.r + c2.r),
y: Math.min(255, c1.y + c2.y),
b: Math.min(255, c1.b + c2.b)
});
// color1 and color2 are the input colors in the shape of RGBObject
const mixedColor = rybToRGB(
mixColors(
rgbToRYB(color1),
rgbToRYB(color2)
)
);
在这里,您可以看到使用我构建的库所得到的结果,该库使用上述方法来实现混合效果:
const { ColorTranslator, Mix } = colortranslator;
const mixes = [
'#FF0000',
'#FFFF00',
'#0000FF',
[1, 3],
[1, 2],
[2, 3],
[1, 2, 3]
];
const paths = document.querySelectorAll('#planes path');
paths.forEach((path, index) => {
let color = '#CCCCCC';
if (mixes[index]) {
if (typeof mixes[index] === 'string') {
color = mixes[index];
} else {
const colors = mixes[index].map((i) => mixes[i - 1]);
color = mixes[index] = ColorTranslator.getMixHEX(colors, Mix.SUBTRACTIVE);
}
}
path.setAttribute('fill', color);
});
body, html {
height: 100%;
}
svg {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
<script src="https://unpkg.com/colortranslator@1.10.1/web/colortranslator.js"></script>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 500 500">
<g id="planes">
<path d="M250,210.9929A144.2657,144.2657,0,0,1,392.9611,192.67a144.125,144.125,0,1,0-287.0788-18.3437,145.5121,145.5121,0,0,0,1.1566,18.3437A144.2657,144.2657,0,0,1,250,210.9929Z"/>
<path d="M409.4255,200.84a145.5235,145.5235,0,0,0-16.4644-8.17,144.2654,144.2654,0,0,1-87.3487,114.6464A144.2658,144.2658,0,0,1,250,440.2858,144.125,144.125,0,1,0,409.4255,200.84Z"/>
<path d="M194.3876,307.3163A144.2654,144.2654,0,0,1,107.0389,192.67,144.1177,144.1177,0,1,0,250,440.2858,144.2658,144.2658,0,0,1,194.3876,307.3163Z"/>
<path d="M194.3876,307.3163A144.5321,144.5321,0,0,1,250,210.9929,144.2657,144.2657,0,0,0,107.0389,192.67,144.2654,144.2654,0,0,0,194.3876,307.3163Z"/>
<path d="M250,210.9929a144.5321,144.5321,0,0,1,55.6124,96.3234A144.2654,144.2654,0,0,0,392.9611,192.67,144.2657,144.2657,0,0,0,250,210.9929Z"/>
<path d="M305.6124,307.3163a144.532,144.532,0,0,1-111.2248,0A144.2658,144.2658,0,0,0,250,440.2858,144.2658,144.2658,0,0,0,305.6124,307.3163Z"/>
<path d="M250,210.9929a144.5321,144.5321,0,0,0-55.6124,96.3234,144.532,144.532,0,0,0,111.2248,0A144.5321,144.5321,0,0,0,250,210.9929Z"/>
</g>
<g id="letters">
<path d="M249.5908,115.1084h-.04l-2.2608,1.22-.34-1.34,2.8408-1.52h1.5v13.0029h-1.7Z"/>
<path d="M254.2119,265.5859v1.16l-5.6611,11.8428h-1.82l5.6406-11.503v-.04H246.01v-1.46Z"/>
<path d="M377.5254,347.1016v-1.08l1.38-1.34c3.32-3.1611,4.8213-4.8418,4.8408-6.8017a2.32,2.32,0,0,0-2.58-2.541,4.427,4.427,0,0,0-2.7607,1.1006l-.5606-1.24a5.7088,5.7088,0,0,1,3.6807-1.32,3.6594,3.6594,0,0,1,3.9814,3.7813c0,2.4-1.74,4.3408-4.4814,6.9814l-1.04.96v.04h5.8417v1.46Z"/>
<path d="M109.436,345.08a5.88,5.88,0,0,0,2.88.82c2.2607,0,2.9609-1.44,2.9409-2.5195-.02-1.82-1.6606-2.6016-3.3608-2.6016h-.98v-1.32h.98c1.28,0,2.9009-.66,2.9009-2.2,0-1.04-.66-1.96-2.2808-1.96a4.7821,4.7821,0,0,0-2.6006.8594l-.46-1.2793a6.1819,6.1819,0,0,1,3.4008-1c2.5606,0,3.7207,1.5195,3.7207,3.1a3.2286,3.2286,0,0,1-2.4,3.0606v.041a3.3856,3.3856,0,0,1,2.9,3.34c0,2.0811-1.62,3.9014-4.7412,3.9014a6.6111,6.6111,0,0,1-3.38-.88Z"/>
<path d="M169.7305,235.2827v-3.5405H163.69v-1.1607L169.49,222.28h1.9v8.082h1.8208v1.38h-1.8208v3.5405Zm0-4.9209v-4.3413q0-1.02.06-2.04h-.06c-.4.76-.72,1.32-1.08,1.92l-3.1807,4.4209v.04Z"/>
<path d="M325.0127,223.76h-4.9609l-.5,3.3408a6.9313,6.9313,0,0,1,1.06-.08,5.4945,5.4945,0,0,1,2.8008.7,3.7056,3.7056,0,0,1,1.86,3.3408,4.511,4.511,0,0,1-4.8409,4.4409,6.3659,6.3659,0,0,1-3.24-.8l.44-1.34a5.8208,5.8208,0,0,0,2.7812.72,2.8686,2.8686,0,0,0,3.08-2.8208c-.02-1.68-1.14-2.88-3.74-2.88a13.4421,13.4421,0,0,0-1.8008.14l.84-6.2417h6.2217Z"/>
<path d="M253.1924,362.9092a6.3162,6.3162,0,0,0-1.32.08,5.2845,5.2845,0,0,0-4.5215,4.6211h.06a3.9634,3.9634,0,0,1,7.0621,2.7,4.3479,4.3479,0,0,1-4.3213,4.5811c-2.7808,0-4.6011-2.16-4.6011-5.541a8.1752,8.1752,0,0,1,2.2-5.8613,7.08,7.08,0,0,1,4.1616-1.9209,8.557,8.557,0,0,1,1.28-.1Zm-.5,7.5019c0-1.86-1.0606-2.9814-2.6812-2.9814a2.8967,2.8967,0,0,0-2.52,1.6006,1.4976,1.4976,0,0,0-.2.78c.04,2.1407,1.02,3.7207,2.8609,3.7207C251.6719,373.5312,252.6924,372.2715,252.6924,370.4111Z"/>
</g>
</svg>
在这个 CodePen中,您可以查看混合颜色时加法模式和减法模式之间的区别。
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.BevelBorder;
import javax.swing.border.CompoundBorder;
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder;
import javax.swing.border.MatteBorder;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
* Color Mixing alghoritms
* User: alberto
* Date: 29/01/13
* Time: 21:28
*/
public class ColorMix {
Vector<JLabel> firstMixColors;
Vector<JLabel> secondMixColors;
JComboBox/*<Mixer>*/ comboBox;
JLabel firstMixColor;
JLabel firstSel;
JLabel secondSel;
JLabel finalColor;
public ColorMix() {
firstMixColors = new Vector<JLabel>();
Vector<Mixer> mixers = new Vector<Mixer>();
mixers.add(new AdditiveMixer());
mixers.add(new SustractiveMixer());
mixers.add(new TertiaryMixer());
mixers.add(new DilutingSustractiveMixer());
comboBox = new JComboBox(new DefaultComboBoxModel(mixers));
firstMixColor = buildColorLabel();
firstSel = buildColorLabel();
secondSel = buildColorLabel();
secondMixColors = new Vector<JLabel>();
secondMixColors.add(firstSel);
secondMixColors.add(secondSel);
finalColor = buildColorLabel();
comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
calculateMixes();
}
});
buildGUI();
}
private JLabel buildColorLabel() {
JLabel label = new JLabel();
label.setOpaque(true);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
label.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);
label.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLACK));
label.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100,25));
return label;
}
public void buildGUI() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setTitle("Mixing colors");
frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints cc = new GridBagConstraints();
cc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
cc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
cc.weightx = .2;
cc.weighty = 1;
frame.getContentPane().add(buildColorPanel(0), cc);
frame.getContentPane().add(buildColorPanel(1), cc);
cc.gridy = 1;
JPanel firstMix = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints ccCol = new GridBagConstraints();
ccCol.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
ccCol.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
ccCol.weightx = 1;
ccCol.weighty = 1;
ccCol.gridx = 0;
ccCol.gridy = 0;
ccCol.gridheight = 2;
firstMix.add(firstMixColor, ccCol);
ccCol.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
ccCol.weightx = 0.2;
ccCol.weighty = 0.5;
ccCol.gridx = 1;
ccCol.gridy = 0;
ccCol.gridheight = 1;
ccCol.gridwidth = 1;
firstMix.add(new JButton(new AbstractAction("Set First") {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
setBackgroundToLabel(firstSel, firstMixColor.getBackground());
calculateMixes();
}
}), ccCol);
ccCol.gridx = 1;
ccCol.gridy = 1;
firstMix.add(new JButton(new AbstractAction("Set Second") {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
setBackgroundToLabel(secondSel, firstMixColor.getBackground());
calculateMixes();
}
}), ccCol);
firstMix.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Secondary Colors"));
frame.getContentPane().add(firstMix, cc);
cc.weightx = .6;
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints ccColor = new GridBagConstraints();
ccColor.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
ccColor.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
ccColor.weightx = 1;
ccColor.weighty = 1;
panel.add(firstSel, ccColor);
ccColor.gridx = 1;
panel.add(secondSel, ccColor);
ccColor.gridx = 0;
ccColor.gridy = 1;
ccColor.weighty = 0;
ccColor.gridwidth = 2;
panel.add(finalColor, ccColor);
ccColor.gridy = 2;
panel.add(comboBox, ccColor);
panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Tertiary Colors"));
frame.getContentPane().add(panel, cc);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ColorMix();
}
private JComponent buildColorPanel(int selectedIndex) {
final JLabel pColor = buildColorLabel();
firstMixColors.add(pColor);
JPanel pSelectColor = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints cc = new GridBagConstraints();
cc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
cc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
cc.weightx = 1;
cc.weighty = 1;
final JSlider slidRed = buildSlider(pSelectColor, cc);
final JSlider slidGreen = buildSlider(pSelectColor, cc);
final JSlider slidBlue = buildSlider(pSelectColor, cc);
pSelectColor.add(pColor, cc);
final JComboBox comboColores = buildColorCombo();
comboColores.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Color color = (Color) comboColores.getSelectedItem();
slidRed.setValue(color.getRed());
slidGreen.setValue(color.getGreen());
slidBlue.setValue(color.getBlue());
}
});
comboColores.setSelectedIndex(selectedIndex);
cc.gridy = 1;
cc.gridwidth = 4;
cc.weighty = 0;
pSelectColor.add(comboColores, cc);
ChangeListener changeListener = new ChangeListener() {
@Override
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
setBackgroundToLabel(pColor, new Color(slidRed.getValue(), slidGreen.getValue(), slidBlue.getValue()));
calculateMixes();
}
};
slidRed.addChangeListener(changeListener);
slidGreen.addChangeListener(changeListener);
slidBlue.addChangeListener(changeListener);
pSelectColor.setBorder(BorderFactory.createBevelBorder(BevelBorder.LOWERED));
changeListener.stateChanged(null);
return pSelectColor;
}
private JComboBox buildColorCombo() {
Color TRANSPARENT = new Color(0, 0, 0, 0);
Vector<Color> colors = new Vector<Color>();
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.RED, "Red"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.GREEN, "Green"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.BLUE, "Blue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.YELLOW, "Yellow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.MAGENTA, "Magenta"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.CYAN, "Cyan"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.WHITE, "White"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY, "Light Gray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.GRAY, "Gray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.DARK_GRAY, "Dark Gray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.BLACK, "Black"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.PINK, "Pink"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(Color.ORANGE, "Orange"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(TRANSPARENT, "transparent"));
//http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colornames.asp
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf0f8ff), "aliceblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfaebd7), "antiquewhite"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00ffff), "aqua"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x7fffd4), "aquamarine"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf0ffff), "azure"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf5f5dc), "beige"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffe4c4), "bisque"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x000000), "black"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffebcd), "blanchedalmond"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x0000ff), "blue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x8a2be2), "blueviolet"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xa52a2a), "brown"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xdeb887), "burlywood"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x5f9ea0), "cadetblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x7fff00), "chartreuse"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd2691e), "chocolate"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff7f50), "coral"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x6495ed), "cornflowerblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfff8dc), "cornsilk"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xdc143c), "crimson"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00ffff), "cyan"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00008b), "darkblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x008b8b), "darkcyan"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xb8860b), "darkgoldenrod"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xa9a9a9), "darkgray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xa9a9a9), "darkgrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x006400), "darkgreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xbdb76b), "darkkhaki"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x8b008b), "darkmagenta"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x556b2f), "darkolivegreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff8c00), "darkorange"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x9932cc), "darkorchid"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x8b0000), "darkred"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xe9967a), "darksalmon"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x8fbc8f), "darkseagreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x483d8b), "darkslateblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x2f4f4f), "darkslategray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x2f4f4f), "darkslategrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00ced1), "darkturquoise"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x9400d3), "darkviolet"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff1493), "deeppink"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00bfff), "deepskyblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x696969), "dimgray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x696969), "dimgrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x1e90ff), "dodgerblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xb22222), "firebrick"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfffaf0), "floralwhite"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x228b22), "forestgreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff00ff), "fuchsia"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xdcdcdc), "gainsboro"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf8f8ff), "ghostwhite"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffd700), "gold"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xdaa520), "goldenrod"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x808080), "gray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x808080), "grey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x008000), "green"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xadff2f), "greenyellow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf0fff0), "honeydew"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff69b4), "hotpink"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xcd5c5c), "indianred"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x4b0082), "indigo"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfffff0), "ivory"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf0e68c), "khaki"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xe6e6fa), "lavender"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfff0f5), "lavenderblush"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x7cfc00), "lawngreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfffacd), "lemonchiffon"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xadd8e6), "lightblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf08080), "lightcoral"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xe0ffff), "lightcyan"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfafad2), "lightgoldenrodyellow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd3d3d3), "lightgray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd3d3d3), "lightgrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x90ee90), "lightgreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffb6c1), "lightpink"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffa07a), "lightsalmon"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x20b2aa), "lightseagreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x87cefa), "lightskyblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x778899), "lightslategray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x778899), "lightslategrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xb0c4de), "lightsteelblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffffe0), "lightyellow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00ff00), "lime"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x32cd32), "limegreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfaf0e6), "linen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff00ff), "magenta"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x800000), "maroon"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x66cdaa), "mediumaquamarine"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x0000cd), "mediumblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xba55d3), "mediumorchid"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x9370d8), "mediumpurple"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x3cb371), "mediumseagreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x7b68ee), "mediumslateblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00fa9a), "mediumspringgreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x48d1cc), "mediumturquoise"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xc71585), "mediumvioletred"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x191970), "midnightblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf5fffa), "mintcream"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffe4e1), "mistyrose"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffe4b5), "moccasin"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffdead), "navajowhite"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x000080), "navy"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfdf5e6), "oldlace"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x808000), "olive"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x6b8e23), "olivedrab"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffa500), "orange"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff4500), "orangered"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xda70d6), "orchid"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xeee8aa), "palegoldenrod"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x98fb98), "palegreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xafeeee), "paleturquoise"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd87093), "palevioletred"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffefd5), "papayawhip"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffdab9), "peachpuff"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xcd853f), "peru"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffc0cb), "pink"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xdda0dd), "plum"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xb0e0e6), "powderblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x800080), "purple"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff0000), "red"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xbc8f8f), "rosybrown"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x4169e1), "royalblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x8b4513), "saddlebrown"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfa8072), "salmon"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf4a460), "sandybrown"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x2e8b57), "seagreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfff5ee), "seashell"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xa0522d), "sienna"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xc0c0c0), "silver"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x87ceeb), "skyblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x6a5acd), "slateblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x708090), "slategray"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x708090), "slategrey"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xfffafa), "snow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x00ff7f), "springgreen"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x4682b4), "steelblue"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd2b48c), "tan"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x008080), "teal"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xd8bfd8), "thistle"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xff6347), "tomato"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x40e0d0), "turquoise"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xee82ee), "violet"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf5deb3), "wheat"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffffff), "white"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xf5f5f5), "whitesmoke"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0xffff00), "yellow"));
colors.add(new NamedColor(new Color(0x9acd32), "yellowgreen"));
JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox(new DefaultComboBoxModel(colors));
comboBox.setRenderer(new DefaultListCellRenderer() {
protected Color backgroundColor = Color.BLACK;
{
setBorder(new CompoundBorder(
new MatteBorder(2, 5, 2, 5, Color.white)
, new LineBorder(Color.black)));
}
public Component getListCellRendererComponent(JList list, Object obj,
int row, boolean sel, boolean hasFocus) {
if (obj instanceof Color)
backgroundColor = (Color) obj;
setText(obj.toString());
return this;
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
setBackground(backgroundColor);
super.paint(g);
}
});
return comboBox;
}
class NamedColor extends Color {
private String name;
NamedColor(Color color, String name) {
super(color.getRed(), color.getGreen(), color.getBlue());
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
}
private void calculateMixes() {
calculateFirstMix();
calculateSecondMix();
}
private void calculateFirstMix() {
calculateMix(firstMixColors, firstMixColor);
}
private void calculateSecondMix() {
calculateMix(secondMixColors, finalColor);
}
private void calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> mixColors, JLabel finalColor) {
Color bg = ((Mixer) comboBox.getSelectedItem()).calculateMix(mixColors);
setBackgroundToLabel(finalColor, bg);
}
private void setBackgroundToLabel(JLabel label, Color color) {
label.setBackground(color);
label.setText(color.getRed() + "," + color.getGreen() + "," + color.getBlue());
}
interface Mixer {
Color calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> colores);
}
/**
* Implement a additive mix of colors
*/
static class AdditiveMixer implements Mixer {
public Color calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> colores) {
int red = 0;
int green = 0;
int blue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < colores.size(); i++) {
Color background = colores.get(i).getBackground();
red += background.getRed();
green += background.getGreen();
blue += background.getBlue();
}
return new Color(Math.min(255, red), Math.min(255, green), Math.min(255, blue));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Additive";
}
}
/**
* Implement a sustractive mix of colors
*/
static class SustractiveMixer implements Mixer {
public Color calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> colores) {
int red = 1;
int green = 1;
int blue = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < colores.size(); i++) {
Color background = colores.get(i).getBackground();
red *= background.getRed();
green *= background.getGreen();
blue *= background.getBlue();
}
return new Color(Math.min(255, red / 255), Math.min(255, green / 255), Math.min(255, blue / 255));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sustractive";
}
}
/**
* Implement a diluting/sustractive mix of colors
*/
static class DilutingSustractiveMixer implements Mixer {
public Color calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> colores) {
int red = 0;
int green = 0;
int blue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < colores.size(); i++) {
Color background = colores.get(i).getBackground();
red += Math.pow(255 - background.getRed(), 2);
green += Math.pow(255 - background.getGreen(), 2);
blue += Math.pow(255 - background.getBlue(), 2);
}
return new Color(Math.min(255, (int)Math.sqrt(red / colores.size())), Math.min(255, (int)Math.sqrt(green / colores.size())), Math.min(255, (int)Math.sqrt(blue / colores.size())));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Diluting/Sustractive";
}
}
/**
* Implement a diluting/sustractive mix of colors
*/
static class TertiaryMixer implements Mixer {
public Color calculateMix(Vector<JLabel> colores) {
Color background1 = colores.get(0).getBackground();
int red = background1.getRed();
int green = background1.getGreen();
int blue = background1.getBlue();
Color background2 = colores.get(1).getBackground();
red -= background2.getRed();
green -= background2.getGreen();
blue -= background2.getBlue();
return new Color(Math.min(255, background1.getRed() - (red/2)), Math.min(255, background1.getGreen() - (green/2)), background1.getBlue() - (blue/2));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Tertiary";
}
}
private JSlider buildSlider(JPanel container, GridBagConstraints upperCC) {
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints cc = new GridBagConstraints();
cc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
cc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
cc.weightx = 1;
cc.weighty = 0.7;
final JSlider slider = new JSlider(JSlider.VERTICAL, 0, 255, 0);
slider.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 4));
Hashtable<Integer, JLabel> labels = new Hashtable<Integer, JLabel>();
labels.put(0, new JLabel("0"));
labels.put(128, new JLabel("128"));
labels.put(255, new JLabel("255"));
panel.add(slider, cc);
final JTextField field = new JTextField();
field.setEditable(false);
slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
@Override
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
field.setText(String.valueOf(slider.getValue()));
}
});
cc.gridx = 0;
cc.gridy = 1;
cc.weighty = 0;
panel.add(field, cc);
slider.setLabelTable(labels);
slider.setPaintLabels(true);
container.add(panel, upperCC);
return slider;
}
}
基本上,这些操作就像逻辑AND和逻辑OR。(但不完全是)
根据此处可以从主要和次要颜色的混合中获得三元颜色,所以我制作了一个很好的小实现:
NewColor.R = Color1.R - (Color1.R - Color2.R)/2
NewColor.G = Color1.G - (Color1.G - Color2.G)/2
NewColor.B = Color1.B - (Color1.B - Color2.B)/2
第二个引用回复中还提到了一种稀释/减法算法,但我不知道它基于什么,只是为了测试而添加的。
X_mix = X1 + X2 + ...
Y_mix = Y1 + Y2 + ...
Z_mix = Z1 + Z2 + ...
Yellow + (Cyan ) = Green
Yellow + (Cyan + Magenta) = Gray
Yellow + (Blue) = Gray
0.5*Yellow(255,255,0) + 0.5*Cyan(0,255,255) = VeryLightLimeGreen(128,255,128)
看了Cody Gray的回答,我认为我可以建议如何组合颜色。将色轮转换为RGB:
cyan(0, 255, 255)
blue(0, 0, 255) green(0, 255, 0)
magenta(255, 0, 255) red(255, 0, 0) yellow(255, 255, 0)
不需要额外的复杂操作,可以将颜色组合如下:反转两种颜色,将它们加在一起,然后再次反转结果(ActionScript):
sum(0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, "cyan + magenta =");
sum(255, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, "red + green =");
sum(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "black + black =");
sum(0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, "black + white =");
function sum(c1:int, c2:int, c3:int, b1:int, b2:int, b3:int, m:String):void {
c1 = 255 - c1; c2 = 255 - c2; c3 = 255 - c3;
b1 = 255 - b1; b2 = 255 - b2; b3 = 255 - b3;
var d1:int = c1 + b1;
var d2:int = c2 + b2;
var d3:int = c3 + b3;
d1 = 255 - d1; d2 = 255 - d2; d3 = 255 - d3;
d1 = clamp(d1); d2 = clamp(d2); d3 = clamp(d3);
trace(m, d1, d2, d3);
}
function clamp(value:int):int {
if (value < 0) return 0;
if (value > 255) return 255;
return value;
}
输出:
cyan + magenta = 0 0 255
red + green = 0 0 0
black + black = 0 0 0
black + white = 0 0 0
看看这是否适合你。
编辑:我并不是在假装这是物理上正确的,只是试图近似。对于我来说,查找表的想法听起来很疯狂,因为它取决于两个参数,所以它的大小会非常大;而自然规律通常是连续的,没有或很少有角落情况。如果您能填写查找表,那么您应该知道算法-所以只需编写一个函数即可。
(0, 0, 255)
+ 黄色 (255, 255, 0)
。反转两种颜色:(255, 255, 0)
+ (0, 0, 255)
。将它们相加:(255, 255, 255)
。反转结果:(0, 0, 0)
。最终得到的是黑色,而不是预期的绿色。 - Cody Gray我认为以上的答案没有给出足够的混合结果。
我一直在使用RGB和RYB(从RGB转换而来)解决这个问题。这里的RGB到RYB的转换很好:http://www.insanit.net/tag/rgb-to-ryb/(如有需要,我可以分享我的代码)。
如果是光混合,效果还不错(见下文)。如果你想像油漆一样混合物理材料,那就有点棘手了——我正在开发一个应用程序来探索它。
回到最初的问题——这是我的RGB混合代码。RgbColor是一个自定义类,但我认为这本身就很有意义:
-(RgbColor*)mixWith:(RgbColor *)aColor {
int r1, g1, b1, r2, g2, b2, r3, g3, b3, m1, m2, w1, w2, w3; //colors and maxes, white
float br; // brightness of resulting color
r1 = self.redVal;
g1 = self.greenVal;
b1 = self.blueVal;
r2 = aColor.redVal;
g2 = aColor.greenVal;
b2 = aColor.blueVal;
w1 = MIN(r1, MIN(g1, b1));
w2 = MIN(r2, MIN(g2, b2));
// remove white before mixing
r1 -= w1;
g1 -= w1;
b1 -= w1;
r2 -= w2;
g2 -= w2;
b2 -= w2;
m1 = MAX(r1, MAX(g1, b1));
m2 = MAX(r2, MAX(g2, b2));
br = (m1+m2)/(2*255.0);
r3 = (r1+r2)*br;
g3 = (g1+g2)*br;
b3 = (b1+b2)*br;
// average whiteness and add into final color
w3 = (w1+w2)/2;
r3 += w3;
g3 += w3;
b3 += w3;
[self setRedVal:[[NSNumber numberWithFloat:r3] intValue]];
[self setGreenVal:[[NSNumber numberWithFloat:g3] intValue]];
[self setBlueVal:[[NSNumber numberWithFloat:b3] intValue]];
return self;
}
c1 = c1Total/sqrt((sqrt(count)));
这种情况,你得到的结果将是 1020/sqrt((sqrt(4)))
,它是 721.2489168102785
,明显超过了 255..!? - Ωmega关于这个问题已经有很多讨论了,但我想分享一种混合颜色的方法(考虑使用光:加法方案)。
我尝试了Damien Del Russo的示例代码,它似乎是一种不错的方法,使用白色平均值来计算rgb混合。我想将结果与我的(基本和线性)代码进行比较。
以前的代码在某些情况下可能会返回超过255的值...但在这些情况下,如果应用比例来回到0-255范围,结果对我来说是相同的。
对于其他情况(主要是带有白色成分的情况),我可以看到结果上的一些差异。这种差异更多地涉及亮度而不是色度。如果我尝试缩小我获得的值,我会得到非常接近以前代码结果的值...
我还不确定哪种计算方式能够给出更接近亮度方面的结果,但如果我得到答案,我会更新这篇文章并分享结果。
知道了这些,这是我的未完成代码(使用Python作为我的原则测试台)来混合n个元组的RGB颜色:
def rgb_mix_colors(rgb_scale, *colors):
""" color mix
:param rgb_scale: scale of values
:param colors: list of colors (tuple of rgb values)
:return: relative mix of rgb colors """
r = g = b = 0
for item in colors:
try:
if not isinstance(item, tuple):
raise TypeError
if item[0] > rgb_scale or item[1] > rgb_scale or item[2] > rgb_scale:
raise ValueError
except (TypeError, ValueError):
print "WARNING: Value is outside range or unhandled parameter given as function argument!"
else:
r += item[0] # add red value from item
g += item[1] # add green value from item
b += item[2] # add blue value from item
ratio = max(r, g, b)
if ratio > rgb_scale:
ratio = float(rgb_scale) / ratio
r *= ratio
g *= ratio
b *= ratio
return int(r), int(g), int(b)
if __name__ == "__main__":
col_list = [(512, 10, 256),
(30, 120, 50),
(50, 40, 512),
"exception", # should raise TypeError when mixing
(3800, 20, 50), # should raise ValueError when mixing
(512, 10, 512)]
# example with a scale defined at 1024 instead of default, providing list of tuples as params already packed as list
print "2 warning messages should be displayed on the next line:"
print rgb_mix_colors(1024, *col_list)
print rgb_mix_colors(255, (0, 255, 0), (0, 32, 255))