虽然这并不是我的问题所必需的内容，但这里是我的绘图示例，我想在其上添加比例尺。
ggmap(get_map(location = "Kinston, NC", zoom = 12, maptype = 'hybrid')) +
geom_point(x = -77.61198, y = 35.227792, colour = "red", size = 5) +
geom_point(x = -77.57306, y = 35.30288, colour = "blue", size = 3) +
geom_point(x = -77.543, y = 35.196, colour = "blue", size = 3) +
geom_text(x = -77.575, y = 35.297, label = "CRONOS Data") +
geom_text(x = -77.54, y = 35.19, label = "NOAA") +
geom_text(x = -77.61, y = 35.22, label = "PP Site")
要实现这一点，您需要完成几个步骤。
第一步是将您的数据放入一个data.frame()中：
sites.data = data.frame(lon = c(-77.61198, -77.57306, -77.543),
lat = c(35.227792, 35.30288, 35.196),
label = c("PP Site","NOAA", "CRONOS Data"),
colour = c("red","blue","blue"))
现在我们可以使用 gg_map 包获取该地区的地图：
require(gg_map)
map.base <- get_map(location = c(lon = mean(sites.data$lon),
lat = mean(sites.data$lat)),
zoom = 10) # could also use zoom = "auto"
我们需要那张图片的尺寸：
bb <- attr(map.base,"bb")
现在我们开始确定比例尺。首先，我们需要一个函数，根据纬度/经度给出两点之间的距离。为此，我们使用Haversine公式，由Floris在计算两个GPS点之间(x,y)距离中描述：
distHaversine <- function(long, lat){
long <- long*pi/180
lat <- lat*pi/180
dlong = (long[2] - long[1])
dlat = (lat[2] - lat[1])
# Haversine formula:
R = 6371;
a = sin(dlat/2)*sin(dlat/2) + cos(lat[1])*cos(lat[2])*sin(dlong/2)*sin(dlong/2)
c = 2 * atan2( sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a) )
d = R * c
return(d) # in km
}
sbar <- data.frame(lon.start = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.1*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
lon.end = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.25*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
lat.start = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)),
lat.end = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)))
sbar$distance = distHaversine(long = c(sbar$lon.start,sbar$lon.end),
lat = c(sbar$lat.start,sbar$lat.end))
最后，我们可以使用比例尺绘制地图。
ptspermm <- 2.83464567 # need this because geom_text uses mm, and themes use pts. Urgh.
map.scale <- ggmap(map.base,
extent = "normal",
maprange = FALSE) %+% sites.data +
geom_point(aes(x = lon,
y = lat,
colour = colour)) +
geom_text(aes(x = lon,
y = lat,
label = label),
hjust = 0,
vjust = 0.5,
size = 8/ptspermm) +
geom_segment(data = sbar,
aes(x = lon.start,
xend = lon.end,
y = lat.start,
yend = lat.end)) +
geom_text(data = sbar,
aes(x = (lon.start + lon.end)/2,
y = lat.start + 0.025*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat),
label = paste(format(distance,
digits = 4,
nsmall = 2),
'km')),
hjust = 0.5,
vjust = 0,
size = 8/ptspermm) +
coord_map(projection="mercator",
xlim=c(bb$ll.lon, bb$ur.lon),
ylim=c(bb$ll.lat, bb$ur.lat))
然后我们保存它...
# Fix presentation ----
map.out <- map.scale +
theme_bw(base_size = 8) +
theme(legend.justification=c(1,1),
legend.position = c(1,1))
ggsave(filename ="map.png",
plot = map.out,
dpi = 300,
width = 4,
height = 3,
units = c("in"))
这将使你得到类似于以下的东西：
好处在于所有的绘图都使用ggplot2()，因此您可以使用http://ggplot2.org上的文档，使其看起来符合您的需求。
sites.data = data.frame(lon = c(-77.61198, -77.57306, -77.543),
lat = c(35.227792, 35.30288, 35.196),
label = c("PP Site","NOAA", "CRONOS Data"),
colour = c("red","blue","blue"))
map.base <- get_map(location = c(lon = mean(sites.data$lon),
lat = mean(sites.data$lat)),
zoom = 10)
bb <- attr(map.base,"bb")
sbar <- data.frame(lon.start = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.1*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
lon.end = c(bb$ll.lon + 0.25*(bb$ur.lon - bb$ll.lon)),
lat.start = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)),
lat.end = c(bb$ll.lat + 0.1*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat)))
sbar$distance <- geosphere::distVincentyEllipsoid(c(sbar$lon.start,sbar$lat.start),
c(sbar$lon.end,sbar$lat.end))
然后，根据您的地图比例尺，将比例尺校正为标准长度。在本例中，20公里似乎是一个不错的合理选择，即20,000米：
scalebar.length <- 20
sbar$lon.end <- sbar$lon.start +
((sbar$lon.end-sbar$lon.start)/sbar$distance)*scalebar.length*1000
我只是在Andy的代码中添加了箭头到geom_segment，因为我认为这样看起来更好看。
ptspermm <- 2.83464567 # need this because geom_text uses mm, and themes use pts. Urgh.
map.scale <- ggmap(map.base,
extent = "normal",
maprange = FALSE) %+% sites.data +
geom_point(aes(x = lon,
y = lat,
colour = colour)) +
geom_text(aes(x = lon,
y = lat,
label = label),
hjust = 0,
vjust = 0.5,
size = 8/ptspermm) +
geom_segment(data = sbar,
aes(x = lon.start,
xend = lon.end,
y = lat.start,
yend = lat.end),
arrow=arrow(angle = 90, length = unit(0.1, "cm"),
ends = "both", type = "open")) +
geom_text(data = sbar,
aes(x = (lon.start + lon.end)/2,
y = lat.start + 0.025*(bb$ur.lat - bb$ll.lat),
label = paste(format(scalebar.length),
'km')),
hjust = 0.5,
vjust = 0,
size = 8/ptspermm) +
coord_map(projection = "mercator",
xlim=c(bb$ll.lon, bb$ur.lon),
ylim=c(bb$ll.lat, bb$ur.lat))
# Fix presentation ----
map.out <- map.scale +
theme_bw(base_size = 8) +
theme(legend.justification = c(1,1),
legend.position = c(1,1))
ggsave(filename ="map.png",
plot = map.out,
dpi = 300,
width = 4,
height = 3,
units = c("in"))
?OSM_scale_lookup和相关的FAQ链接。 - Ricardo Saporta