我需要在matplotlib中绘制表格。问题是有些列具有一级标题，而有些列具有双层标题。
以下是我需要的内容：
这里是一个简单的示例，用于一级标题：
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Animal'] = ['Cow', 'Bear']
df['Weight'] = [250, 450]
df['Favorite'] = ['Grass', 'Honey']
df['Least Favorite'] = ['Meat', 'Leaves']
df
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,2))
ax=plt.subplot(111)
ax.axis('off')
table = ax.table(cellText=df.values, colColours=['grey']*df.shape[1], bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1], colLabels=df.columns)
plt.savefig('Table.jpg')
最后一段代码生成了下图：
我需要做哪些更改才能得到所需的表格？
您可以合并由ax.table生成的单元格，就像在Excel电子表格中的单元格合并功能一样。这使得您完全可以使用自动化解决方案，而不需要调整任何坐标（除了要合并的单元格的索引）：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Animal'] = ['Cow', 'Bear']
df['Weight'] = [250, 450]
df['Favorite'] = ['Grass', 'Honey']
df['Least Favorite'] = ['Meat', 'Leaves']
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,2))
ax=fig.gca()
ax.axis('off')
r,c = df.shape
# ensure consistent background color
ax.table(cellColours=[['lightgray']] + [['none']], bbox=[0,0,1,1])
# plot the real table
table = ax.table(cellText=np.vstack([['', '', 'Food', ''], df.columns, df.values]),
cellColours=[['none']*c]*(2 + r), bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1])
# need to draw here so the text positions are calculated
fig.canvas.draw()
# do the 3 cell merges needed
mergecells(table, (1,0), (0,0))
mergecells(table, (1,1), (0,1))
mergecells(table, (0,2), (0,3))
输出：
这是上面使用的mergecells函数的代码：
import matplotlib as mpl
def mergecells(table, ix0, ix1):
ix0,ix1 = np.asarray(ix0), np.asarray(ix1)
d = ix1 - ix0
if not (0 in d and 1 in np.abs(d)):
raise ValueError("ix0 and ix1 should be the indices of adjacent cells. ix0: %s, ix1: %s" % (ix0, ix1))
if d[0]==-1:
edges = ('BRL', 'TRL')
elif d[0]==1:
edges = ('TRL', 'BRL')
elif d[1]==-1:
edges = ('BTR', 'BTL')
else:
edges = ('BTL', 'BTR')
# hide the merged edges
for ix,e in zip((ix0, ix1), edges):
table[ix[0], ix[1]].visible_edges = e
txts = [table[ix[0], ix[1]].get_text() for ix in (ix0, ix1)]
tpos = [np.array(t.get_position()) for t in txts]
# center the text of the 0th cell between the two merged cells
trans = (tpos[1] - tpos[0])/2
if trans[0] > 0 and txts[0].get_ha() == 'right':
# reduce the transform distance in order to center the text
trans[0] /= 2
elif trans[0] < 0 and txts[0].get_ha() == 'right':
# increase the transform distance...
trans[0] *= 2
txts[0].set_transform(mpl.transforms.Affine2D().translate(*trans))
# hide the text in the 1st cell
txts[1].set_visible(False)
除了@tel的答案之外，我对他的代码做了一些修改以解决我的问题 - 合并超过两个单元格。这是我得到的：
def mergecells(table, cells):
'''
Merge N matplotlib.Table cells
Parameters
-----------
table: matplotlib.Table
the table
cells: list[set]
list of sets od the table coordinates
- example: [(0,1), (0,0), (0,2)]
Notes
------
https://dev59.com/jLDla4cB1Zd3GeqP9IBW#53819765
'''
cells_array = [np.asarray(c) for c in cells]
h = np.array([cells_array[i+1][0] - cells_array[i][0] for i in range(len(cells_array) - 1)])
v = np.array([cells_array[i+1][1] - cells_array[i][1] for i in range(len(cells_array) - 1)])
# if it's a horizontal merge, all values for `h` are 0
if not np.any(h):
# sort by horizontal coord
cells = np.array(sorted(list(cells), key=lambda v: v[1]))
edges = ['BTL'] + ['BT' for i in range(len(cells) - 2)] + ['BTR']
elif not np.any(v):
cells = np.array(sorted(list(cells), key=lambda h: h[0]))
edges = ['TRL'] + ['RL' for i in range(len(cells) - 2)] + ['BRL']
else:
raise ValueError("Only horizontal and vertical merges allowed")
for cell, e in zip(cells, edges):
table[cell[0], cell[1]].visible_edges = e
txts = [table[cell[0], cell[1]].get_text() for cell in cells]
tpos = [np.array(t.get_position()) for t in txts]
# transpose the text of the left cell
trans = (tpos[-1] - tpos[0])/2
# didn't had to check for ha because I only want ha='center'
txts[0].set_transform(mpl.transforms.Affine2D().translate(*trans))
for txt in txts[1:]:
txt.set_visible(False)
for循环中使用table[cell[0], cell[1]].set_facecolor('k')来填充合并的单元格时，结果很奇怪。 - user1185790matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec 来使用自定义布局绘制值和列:def format_axes(fig):
for i, ax in enumerate(fig.axes):
ax.tick_params(labelbottom=False, labelleft=False, labelright=False)
ax.get_xaxis().set_ticks([])
ax.get_yaxis().set_ticks([])
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Animal'] = ['Cow', 'Bear']
df['Weight'] = [250, 450]
df['Favorite'] = ['Grass', 'Honey']
df['Least Favorite'] = ['Meat', 'Leaves']
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9, 2))
gs = GridSpec(3, 4, figure=fig, wspace=0.0, hspace=0.0,height_ratios=[1, 1, 4])
# plot table header
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:-1, 0])
ax1.text(0.5, 0.5, df.columns[0], va="center", ha="center")
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[:-1, 1])
ax2.text(0.5, 0.5, df.columns[1], va="center", ha="center")
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, -2:])
ax3.text(0.5, 0.5, "Food", va="center", ha="center")
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, -2])
ax4.text(0.5, 0.5, df.columns[2], va="center", ha="center")
ax5 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, -1])
ax5.text(0.5, 0.5, df.columns[3], va="center", ha="center")
# plot table data
ax6 = fig.add_subplot(gs[-1, :])
table = ax6.table(cellText=df.values, cellLoc='center', bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1])
format_axes(fig)
plt.show()
结果
我猜唯一的方法就是手动添加标题。您可以使用bbox参数控制它们的准确位置和大小。请参阅下面的示例。您可以从此答案中获取更多详细信息：https://stackoverflow.com/a/37440236/2912478
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Animal'] = ['Cow', 'Bear']
df['Weight'] = [250, 450]
df['Favorite'] = ['Grass', 'Honey']
df['Least Favorite'] = ['Meat', 'Leaves']
df
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,2))
ax=plt.subplot(111)
ax.axis('off')
plt.table(cellText=[['Animal', 'Weight']],
loc='bottom',
bbox=[0, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3]
)
plt.table(cellText=[['Food']],
loc='bottom',
bbox=[0.5, 0.75, 0.5, 0.15]
)
plt.table(cellText=[['Favorite', 'Least favorite']],
loc='bottom',
bbox=[0.5, 0.6, 0.5, 0.15]
)
plt.table(cellText=df.values,
loc='bottom',
bbox=[0, 0, 1, 0.6]
)
plt.show()
cell.set_facecolor()会出现错误。您可以通过像下面这样重叠背景表来避免这种情况。import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def mergecells(table, cells):
'''
Merge N matplotlib.Table cells
Parameters
-----------
table: matplotlib.Table
the table
cells: list[set]
list of sets od the table coordinates
- example: [(0,1), (0,0), (0,2)]
Notes
------
https://dev59.com/jLDla4cB1Zd3GeqP9IBW#53819765
'''
cells_array = [np.asarray(c) for c in cells]
h = np.array([cells_array[i+1][0] - cells_array[i][0] for i in range(len(cells_array) - 1)])
v = np.array([cells_array[i+1][1] - cells_array[i][1] for i in range(len(cells_array) - 1)])
# if it's a horizontal merge, all values for `h` are 0
if not np.any(h):
# sort by horizontal coord
cells = np.array(sorted(list(cells), key=lambda v: v[1]))
edges = ['BTL'] + ['BT' for i in range(len(cells) - 2)] + ['BTR']
elif not np.any(v):
cells = np.array(sorted(list(cells), key=lambda h: h[0]))
edges = ['TRL'] + ['RL' for i in range(len(cells) - 2)] + ['BRL']
else:
raise ValueError("Only horizontal and vertical merges allowed")
for cell, e in zip(cells, edges):
table[cell[0], cell[1]].visible_edges = e
txts = [table[cell[0], cell[1]].get_text() for cell in cells]
tpos = [np.array(t.get_position()) for t in txts]
# transpose the text of the left cell
trans = (tpos[-1] - tpos[0])/2
# didn't had to check for ha because I only want ha='center'
txts[0].set_transform(mpl.transforms.Affine2D().translate(*trans))
for txt in txts[1:]:
txt.set_visible(False)
contents = (
("Apple", "Banana", "Strawberry", "Melon"),
("Apple", "Banana", "Strawberry", "Melon"),
("Apple", "Banana", "Strawberry", "Melon")
)
bg_colors = (
("r", "y", "r", "g"),
("r", "y", "r", "g"),
("r", "y", "r", "g")
)
# ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# Figure 1: Just merging cells resulting in weired color
fig1 = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(111)
ax1.axis("off")
ax1.set_title("Figure 1")
table = ax1.table(cellText=contents, bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1], cellLoc="center", cellColours=bg_colors)
mergecells(table, [(0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1)])
# ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# Figure 2: Overlap empty table only for cells color
fig2 = plt.figure()
ax2 = fig2.add_subplot(111)
ax2.axis("off")
ax2.set_title("Figure 2")
# 'table_bg' is a background table without any contents
# Set background color of this as you want
table_bg = ax2.table(bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1], cellColours=bg_colors)
for cell in table_bg._cells.values():
cell.set_edgecolor("none")
# 'table' contatins cell texts
# Sset its color to 'none' then merge
bg_none = (
("none", "none", "none", "none"),
("none", "none", "none", "none"),
("none", "none", "none", "none")
)
table = ax2.table(cellText=contents, bbox=[0, 0, 1, 1], cellLoc="center", cellColours=bg_none)
mergecells(table, [(0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1)])
# ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
plt.show()
