我遇到的第一个问题是需要将pip升级到最新版本。升级后，我可以运行pip install pillow，但是我遇到了以下错误。我正在运行Python版本3.9.7。我的虚拟环境中没有安装PIL或Pillow。有什么办法可以成功安装Pillow吗？我在下面附上了终端输出的错误信息。
ERROR: Failed building wheel for Pillow
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: path/to/home/virtualenv/3.9/bin/python3.9_bin -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-szngxqb2/pillow_1c9c86b13f0a474c981fd86d31c2e1e6/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-szngxqb2/pillow_1c9c86b13f0a474c981fd86d31c2e1e6/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-daj3upyx/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers path/to/home/virtualenv/3.9/include/site/python3.9/Pillow Check the logs for full command output.
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-pzbaeq08/pillow_5d60eb6fee184d598bd908aee2af6fc6/
Complete output (138 lines):
/opt/alt/python39/lib64/python3.9/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
warnings.warn(msg)
/opt/alt/python39/lib64/python3.9/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'project_urls'
warnings.warn(msg)
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageGrab.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageShow.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageEnhance.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImagePalette.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/_tkinter_finder.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/features.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageFont.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/TgaImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/__main__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/TarIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/BdfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/CurImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageMode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/SunImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/FontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/SgiImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ExifTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageDraw2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageTransform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageTk.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageSequence.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/Image.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/_util.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ContainerIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PdfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageCms.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PSDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageMath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/MicImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageChops.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PyAccess.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/JpegPresets.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageMorph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImagePath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/_binary.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageWin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageColor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PdfParser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageQt.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageOps.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/WalImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/TiffTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/ImageStat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/GdImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/PaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
copying src/PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/PIL
running egg_info
writing src/Pillow.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src/Pillow.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to src/Pillow.egg-info/top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.c'
warning: no files found matching '*.h'
warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.clang-format'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
no previously-included directories found matching '.ci'
writing manifest file 'src/Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
building 'PIL._imaging' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/libImaging
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fPIC -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/path/to/home/Pillow -I/home/path/to/home/3.9/include -I/usr/include -I/opt/alt/python39/include/python3.9 -c src/_imagingft.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/_imagingft.o
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fPIC -DHAVE_LIBJPEG -DHAVE_LIBZ -DHAVE_LIBTIFF -DHAVE_XCB -DPILLOW_VERSION="9.0.0.dev0" -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/path/to/home/Pillow -I/path/to/home/3.9/include -I/usr/include -I/opt/alt/python39/include/python3.9 -c src/_imaging.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/_imaging.o
building 'PIL._imagingtk' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/Tk
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fPIC -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/path/to/home/Pillow -I/path/to/home/3.9/include -I/usr/include -I/opt/alt/python39/include/python3.9 -c src/Tk/tkImaging.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/Tk/tkImaging.o
building 'PIL._imagingmath' extension
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -fno-semantic-interposition -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -ffat-lto-objects -flto-partition=none -g -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fPIC -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/home/path/to/home/Pillow -I/home/virtualenv/path/to/home/3.9/include -I/usr/include -I/opt/alt/python39/include/python3.9 -c src/_imagingmath.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/src/_imagingmath.o
building 'PIL._imagingmorph' extension
修改后：
经过2个小时的与我的主机提供商NameCheap Support的支持，他们建议我降级到python版本3.8.6并运行pip install pillow==7.2.0，这样就可以解决问题了。