我能够生成*.dat文件：
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof run --python test_sl.py
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ls *.dat
mprofile_20151001035123.dat
但是当我尝试绘制图形时，它显示“需要matplotlib才能绘图”。
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
matplotlib is needed for plotting.
我有什么遗漏吗？
被我分析的函数是运行在file_to_be_profiled.py文件中的run()。
#!/usr/bin/python
import time
import os, sys, commands
from memory_profiler import profile
from guppy import hpy
@profile
def run():
d = {}
l = []
hp = hpy()
before = hp.heap()
d["k1"] = 'val1'
d["k2"] = 10
count = 0
while (count < 9):
l.append(count)
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1
print "Good bye!"
after = hp.heap()
leftover = after - before
print leftover
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(run())
我正在从我的测试脚本test_sl.py中调用run()：
#!/usr/bin/python
import commands
# for the time being I am running my test to profile method: run() inside file_to_be_profiled.py
run_cmd = './file_to_be_profiled.py
commands.getstatusoutput(run_cmd)
我正在运行ubuntu机器。但apt-get install没有起作用。然后我从源代码进行安装。但仍然出现相同的错误。
apt-get失败:
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ sudo apt-get install -y python-matplotlib
[sudo] password for vikaskuk:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package python-matplotlib is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package 'python-matplotlib' has no installation candidate
vikask@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
matplotlib is needed for plotting.
然后我尝试了 pip install...，但也没有成功。
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ pip install matplotlib
Downloading/unpacking matplotlib
Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement matplotlib
Cleaning up...
No distributions at all found for matplotlib
Storing debug log for failure in /home/vikaskuk/.pip/pip.log
最后我尝试了从源代码安装，似乎成功了：
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ cd ../matplotlib
vikas@server:~/matplotlib$ cd matplotlib-master/
(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ vi INSTALL
(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ python setup.py build
============================================================================
Edit setup.cfg to change the build options
BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
matplotlib: yes [1.5.dev1]
python: yes [2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 16:22:56) [GCC
4.4.5]]
platform: yes [linux2]
REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
six: yes [using six version 1.5.2]
dateutil: yes [using dateutil version 2.1]
pytz: yes [pytz was not found. pip will attempt to install
it after matplotlib.]
tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
install it after matplotlib.]
pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
install it after matplotlib.]
libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
be found. Using local copy.]
freetype: no [The C/C++ header for freetype2 (ft2build.h)
could not be found. You may need to install the
development package.]
png: no [pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not
be found.]
qhull: yes [pkg-config information for 'qhull' could not be
found. Using local copy.]
OPTIONAL SUBPACKAGES
sample_data: yes [installing]
toolkits: yes [installing]
tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
toolkits_tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
OPTIONAL BACKEND EXTENSIONS
macosx: no [Mac OS-X only]
qt5agg: no [PyQt5 not found]
qt4agg: no [PySide not found; PyQt4 not found]
gtk3agg: no [Requires pygobject to be installed.]
gtk3cairo: no [Requires cairocffi or pycairo to be installed.]
gtkagg: no [Requires pygtk]
tkagg: no [The C/C++ header for Tk (tk.h) could not be
found. You may need to install the development
package.]
wxagg: no [requires wxPython]
gtk: no [Requires pygtk]
agg: yes [installing]
cairo: no [cairocffi or pycairo not found]
windowing: no [Microsoft Windows only]
OPTIONAL LATEX DEPENDENCIES
dvipng: no
ghostscript: yes [version 8.71]
latex: yes [version 3.1415926]
pdftops: no
============================================================================
* The following required packages can not be built:
* freetype, png
(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ python setup.py install
============================================================================
Edit setup.cfg to change the build options
BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
matplotlib: yes [1.5.dev1]
python: yes [2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 16:22:56) [GCC
4.4.5]]
platform: yes [linux2]
REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
six: yes [using six version 1.5.2]
dateutil: yes [using dateutil version 2.1]
pytz: yes [pytz was not found. pip will attempt to install
it after matplotlib.]
tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
install it after matplotlib.]
pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
install it after matplotlib.]
libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
be found. Using local copy.]
freetype: no [The C/C++ header for freetype2 (ft2build.h)
could not be found. You may need to install the
development package.]
png: no [pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not
be found.]
qhull: yes [pkg-config information for 'qhull' could not be
found. Using local copy.]
OPTIONAL SUBPACKAGES
sample_data: yes [installing]
toolkits: yes [installing]
tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
toolkits_tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
OPTIONAL BACKEND EXTENSIONS
macosx: no [Mac OS-X only]
qt5agg: no [PyQt5 not found]
qt4agg: no [PySide not found; PyQt4 not found]
gtk3agg: no [Requires pygobject to be installed.]
gtk3cairo: no [Requires cairocffi or pycairo to be installed.]
gtkagg: no [Requires pygtk]
tkagg: no [The C/C++ header for Tk (tk.h) could not be
found. You may need to install the development
package.]
wxagg: no [requires wxPython]
gtk: no [Requires pygtk]
agg: yes [installing]
cairo: no [cairocffi or pycairo not found]
windowing: no [Microsoft Windows only]
OPTIONAL LATEX DEPENDENCIES
dvipng: no
ghostscript: yes [version 8.71]
latex: yes [version 3.1415926]
pdftops: no
============================================================================
* The following required packages can not be built:
* freetype, png
但是当我尝试绘制图形时，我遇到了最初的问题：
vikas@server:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ cd ../../memory_profiler-0.36
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
matplotlib is needed for plotting.
我能成功执行apt-get update（可能是由于防火墙问题）并成功执行sudo apt-get install -y python-matplotlib。
但是在运行mprof时仍然遇到了一些问题：
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
Using last profile data.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./mprof", line 494, in <module>
actions[get_action()]()
File "./mprof", line 454, in plot_action
pl.figure(figsize=(14, 6), dpi=90)
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 423, in figure
**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 79, in new_figure_manager
return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 87, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
window = Tk.Tk()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1767, in __init__
self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
为什么需要设置显示器？我正在使用托管在Ubuntu上的机器。
freetype或libpng，因此无法构建matplotlib。pip install遇到了另一个问题（你是否在防火墙后面？），但很快也会遇到相同的问题。我不确定为什么你在通过包管理器安装时遇到问题，但是使用apt-get installlibfreetype6-dev、libpng-dev和python-tk，然后你应该能够从源代码构建。 - Joe Kington