在pyqt5的gui中嵌入一个matplotlib图表

Question

在pyqt5的gui中嵌入一个matplotlib图表

5

我正在使用PyQt5尝试为我的数据分析工具生成GUI。我的问题是，我不知道如何嵌入具有完整功能的matplotlib图形。

所有关于PyQt5和嵌入matplotlib的教程都展示了一个非常简单的方法，即直接在代码中创建所有图形对象。但我不想这样做，因为我的GUI是使用Qt Designer生成的。我创建了一个QWidget来绘制其中的数据。因此，我在代码中导入UI文件：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys
import numpy as np

from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QLabel, QGridLayout, QWidget, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QInputDialog, QLineEdit, QFileDialog
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, uic

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('QT5Agg')

import matplotlib.pylab as plt

from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtCore, QtWidgets, is_pyqt5
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvas,     NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

class MyWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):

        super(MyWindow, self).__init__()

        self.ui = uic.loadUi('test.ui', self) 

        # test data
        data = np.array([0.7,0.7,0.7,0.8,0.9,0.9,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5])        
        fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
        bins = np.arange(0.6, 1.62, 0.02)
        n1, bins1, patches1 = ax1.hist(data, bins, alpha=0.6, density=False, cumulative=False)

        # plot
        self.plotWidget = FigureCanvas(fig)        

        # add toolbar
        self.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea, NavigationToolbar(self.plotWidget, self))        

    #########################################

    # show window
    self.show() 

    #########################################

if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MyWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这是由Qt Designer创建的test.ui文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>Form</class>
 <widget class="QWidget" name="Form">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>772</width>
    <height>650</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>Form</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="plotWidge" native="true">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>20</x>
     <y>20</y>
     <width>721</width>
     <height>571</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

发生的情况是，我能看到窗口中的工具栏但是没有数据。我可以使用“保存”图标将绘图保存为图像。我想我正在创建与我在Qt Designer中创建的对象不相关的小部件对象的第二个实例。

我该如何解决这个问题？提前感谢！

- schlenzmeister

2

请提供一个 [mcve]。 - eyllanesc

@eyllanesc 我添加了一个完整的示例。 - schlenzmeister

分享 test.ui 文件。 - eyllanesc

2

需要在PyQt的布局中添加小部件。我没有看到您在代码中的FigureCanvas中执行此操作。 - ImportanceOfBeingErnest

@eyllanesc 我添加了UI代码。 - schlenzmeister

@ImportanceOfBeingErnest 我在直接在代码中创建对象时经常看到这种情况。但是当我加载外部UI文件时，我不知道该怎么做。 - schlenzmeister

2个回答

2

使用Python中的super()可以使GUI设计更加灵活。使用Qt Designer创建GUI（.ui）后，我们可以通过将其转换为Python（.py）文件来进一步扩展其功能：pyuic5 -x test.ui -o test.py。

对于那些从Qt Designer开始并以类似于此教程的代码结束的解决方案的人：code，请参考以下内容：

test.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>800</width>
    <height>600</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout">
    <item row="0" column="0">
     <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
      <item>
       <widget class="QLabel" name="label">
        <property name="text">
         <string>Select Theme</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
      <item>
       <widget class="QComboBox" name="comboBox"/>
      </item>
      <item>
       <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
        <property name="text">
         <string>Open</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
      <item>
       <spacer name="horizontalSpacer">
        <property name="orientation">
         <enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
        </property>
        <property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
         <size>
          <width>40</width>
          <height>20</height>
         </size>
        </property>
       </spacer>
      </item>
     </layout>
    </item>
    <item row="1" column="0">
     <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout">
      <item>
       <spacer name="verticalSpacer">
        <property name="orientation">
         <enum>Qt::Vertical</enum>
        </property>
        <property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
         <size>
          <width>20</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
       </spacer>
      </item>
     </layout>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>800</width>
     <height>22</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
   <widget class="QMenu" name="menuFile">
    <property name="title">
     <string>File</string>
    </property>
    <addaction name="actionOpen_csv_file"/>
    <addaction name="actionExit"/>
   </widget>
   <addaction name="menuFile"/>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
  <action name="actionOpen_csv_file">
   <property name="text">
    <string>Open csv file</string>
   </property>
  </action>
  <action name="actionExit">
   <property name="text">
    <string>Exit</string>
   </property>
  </action>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

以及完整编辑过的test.py文件

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg, NavigationToolbar2QT as Navi
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import sip # can be installed : pip install sip

# We require a canvas class
import platform

# Use NSURL as a workaround to pyside/Qt4 behaviour for dragging and dropping on OSx
op_sys = platform.system()
if op_sys == 'Darwin':
    from Foundation import NSURL

class MatplotlibCanvas(FigureCanvasQTAgg):
    def __init__(self,parent=None, dpi = 120):
        fig = Figure(dpi = dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
        super(MatplotlibCanvas,self).__init__(fig)
        fig.tight_layout()
        
        

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(1440, 1000)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.comboBox)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.horizontalLayout.addItem(spacerItem)
        self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        self.spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.verticalLayout.addItem(self.spacerItem1)
        self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.verticalLayout, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 22))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        self.menuFile = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
        self.menuFile.setObjectName("menuFile")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
        self.actionOpen_csv_file = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionOpen_csv_file.setObjectName("actionOpen_csv_file")
        self.actionExit = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionExit.setObjectName("actionExit")
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionOpen_csv_file)
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionExit)
        self.menubar.addAction(self.menuFile.menuAction())

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
        
        self.filename = ''
        self.canv = MatplotlibCanvas(self)
        self.df = []
        
        self.toolbar = Navi(self.canv,self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
        
        self.themes = ['bmh', 'classic', 'dark_background', 'fast', 
        'fivethirtyeight', 'ggplot', 'grayscale', 'seaborn-bright',
         'seaborn-colorblind', 'seaborn-dark-palette', 'seaborn-dark', 
         'seaborn-darkgrid', 'seaborn-deep', 'seaborn-muted', 'seaborn-notebook',
         'seaborn-paper', 'seaborn-pastel', 'seaborn-poster', 'seaborn-talk',
         'seaborn-ticks', 'seaborn-white', 'seaborn-whitegrid', 'seaborn',
         'Solarize_Light2', 'tableau-colorblind10']
         
        self.comboBox.addItems(self.themes)
        
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.getFile)
        self.comboBox.currentIndexChanged['QString'].connect(self.Update)
        self.actionExit.triggered.connect(MainWindow.close)
        self.actionOpen_csv_file.triggered.connect(self.getFile)
        
    def Update(self,value):
        print("Value from Combo Box:",value)
        plt.clf()
        plt.style.use(value)
        try:
            self.horizontalLayout.removeWidget(self.toolbar)
            self.verticalLayout.removeWidget(self.canv)
            
            sip.delete(self.toolbar)
            sip.delete(self.canv)
            self.toolbar = None
            self.canv = None
            self.verticalLayout.removeItem(self.spacerItem1)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            pass
        self.canv = MatplotlibCanvas(self)
        self.toolbar = Navi(self.canv,self.centralwidget)
        
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.canv)
        
        self.canv.axes.cla()
        ax = self.canv.axes
        self.df.plot(ax = self.canv.axes)
        legend = ax.legend()
        legend.set_draggable(True)
        
        ax.set_xlabel('X axis')
        ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')
        ax.set_title(self.Title)
        
        self.canv.draw()
        
        
        
        
    
    def getFile(self):
        """ This function will get the address of the csv file location
            also calls a readData function 
        """
        self.filename = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(filter = "csv (*.csv)")[0]
        print("File :", self.filename)
        self.readData()
    
    def readData(self):
        """ This function will read the data using pandas and call the update
            function to plot
        """
        import os
        base_name = os.path.basename(self.filename)
        self.Title = os.path.splitext(base_name)[0]
        print('FILE',self.Title )
        self.df = pd.read_csv(self.filename,encoding = 'utf-8').fillna(0)
        self.Update(self.themes[0]) # lets 0th theme be the default : bmh
    

    
    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Select Theme"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open"))
        self.menuFile.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "File"))
        self.actionOpen_csv_file.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open csv file"))
        self.actionExit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Exit"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

- Trees

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- eyllanesc · Accepted Answer

我认为你可能搞混了，在Qt Designer中创建了一个名为plotWidge的小部件，而你通过self.plotWidget = FigureCanvas(fig)来替换它（即使名称相同，也不是这种操作），所以为了避免混淆，请将plotWidge更改为content_plot，并在Qt Designer中使用布局将plotWidget放置在content_plot中。

test.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>Form</class>
 <widget class="QWidget" name="Form">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>772</width>
    <height>650</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>Form</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="content_plot" native="true">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>20</x>
     <y>20</y>
     <width>721</width>
     <height>571</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

*.py

import sys
import numpy as np

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, uic

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('QT5Agg')

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvas 
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar

class MyWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWindow, self).__init__()
        uic.loadUi('test.ui', self) 
        # test data
        data = np.array([0.7,0.7,0.7,0.8,0.9,0.9,1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5])        
        fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
        bins = np.arange(0.6, 1.62, 0.02)
        n1, bins1, patches1 = ax1.hist(data, bins, alpha=0.6, density=False, cumulative=False)
        # plot
        self.plotWidget = FigureCanvas(fig)
        lay = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.content_plot)  
        lay.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)      
        lay.addWidget(self.plotWidget)
        # add toolbar
        self.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea, NavigationToolbar(self.plotWidget, self))

if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MyWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())