ax.view_init来设置这个。我使用下面的脚本首先创建了图形，然后确定了一个良好的仰角elev来查看我的图形。然后，我调整了方位角azim，使其在我的图形周围变化360度，并在每个实例中保存了图像（并记录了保存图形时的方位角）。对于更复杂的相机平移，你可以同时调整仰角和角度以达到所需的效果。 from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.scatter(xx,yy,zz, marker='o', s=20, c="goldenrod", alpha=0.6)
for ii in xrange(0,360,1):
ax.view_init(elev=10., azim=ii)
savefig("movie%d.png" % ii)
很方便的一个功能是将摄像机位置应用于新的图。这样，我可以绘制图形，然后通过鼠标移动图形并更改距离来改变图形的位置。然后，我想在另一个图中复制相同的视角和距离。我发现axx.ax.get_axes()可以获取具有旧的.azim和.elev属性的对象。
使用Python...
axx=ax1.get_axes()
azm=axx.azim
ele=axx.elev
dst=axx.dist # ALWAYS GIVES 10
#dst=ax1.axes.dist # ALWAYS GIVES 10
#dst=ax1.dist # ALWAYS GIVES 10
稍后将展示 3D 图表...
ax2.view_init(elev=ele, azim=azm) #Works!
ax2.dist=dst # works but always 10 from axx
编辑1...
好的，相机位置是关于.dist值错误的想法。它作为一种hackey标量倍增器，顶在整个图表的顶部。
这适用于视图的放大/缩小：
xlm=ax1.get_xlim3d() #These are two tupples
ylm=ax1.get_ylim3d() #we use them in the next
zlm=ax1.get_zlim3d() #graph to reproduce the magnification from mousing
axx=ax1.get_axes()
azm=axx.azim
ele=axx.elev
后来的图表显示，该公司的销售额在过去一年中呈现稳步增长。
ax2.view_init(elev=ele, azim=azm) #Reproduce view
ax2.set_xlim3d(xlm[0],xlm[1]) #Reproduce magnification
ax2.set_ylim3d(ylm[0],ylm[1]) #...
ax2.set_zlim3d(zlm[0],zlm[1]) #...
通过改变 azim、dist 和 elev 来实现简单的示例
为了对之前在https://dev59.com/FWcs5IYBdhLWcg3wXi5E#12905458解释的内容添加一些简单的示例图像。
以下是我的测试程序：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
azim = int(sys.argv[1])
else:
azim = None
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
dist = int(sys.argv[2])
else:
dist = None
if len(sys.argv) > 3:
elev = int(sys.argv[3])
else:
elev = None
# Make data.
X = np.arange(-5, 6, 1)
Y = np.arange(-5, 6, 1)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = X**2
# Plot the surface.
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)
# Labels.
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
if azim is not None:
ax.azim = azim
if dist is not None:
ax.dist = dist
if elev is not None:
ax.elev = elev
print('ax.azim = {}'.format(ax.azim))
print('ax.dist = {}'.format(ax.dist))
print('ax.elev = {}'.format(ax.elev))
plt.savefig(
'main_{}_{}_{}.png'.format(ax.azim, ax.dist, ax.elev),
format='png',
bbox_inches='tight'
)
不带参数运行将给出默认值：
ax.azim = -60
ax.dist = 10
ax.elev = 30
main_-60_10_30.png
变化的参数：azim
方位角是绕z轴旋转，例如：
main_-60_10_30.png
main_0_10_30.png
main_60_10_30.png
变化的参数：dist
dist似乎是数据坐标中可见点到中心点的距离。
main_-60_10_30.png
main_-60_5_30.png
main_-60_20_-30.png
变化的参数：elev
从这里我们可以了解到elev是眼睛与xy平面之间的角度。
main_-60_10_60.png
main_-60_10_30.png
main_-60_10_0.png
main_-60_10_-30.png
在matplotlib==3.2.2上进行测试。
尝试使用以下代码寻找最佳摄像机位置
使用print获取摄像机位置
def move_view(event):
ax.autoscale(enable=False, axis='both')
koef = 8
zkoef = (ax.get_zbound()[0] - ax.get_zbound()[1]) / koef
xkoef = (ax.get_xbound()[0] - ax.get_xbound()[1]) / koef
ykoef = (ax.get_ybound()[0] - ax.get_ybound()[1]) / koef
## Map an motion to keyboard shortcuts
if event.key == "ctrl+down":
ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0] + xkoef, ax.get_ybound()[1] + xkoef)
if event.key == "ctrl+up":
ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0] - xkoef, ax.get_ybound()[1] - xkoef)
if event.key == "ctrl+right":
ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0] + ykoef, ax.get_xbound()[1] + ykoef)
if event.key == "ctrl+left":
ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0] - ykoef, ax.get_xbound()[1] - ykoef)
if event.key == "down":
ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0] - zkoef, ax.get_zbound()[1] - zkoef)
if event.key == "up":
ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0] + zkoef, ax.get_zbound()[1] + zkoef)
# zoom option
if event.key == "alt+up":
ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_xbound()[1]*0.90)
ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_ybound()[1]*0.90)
ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_zbound()[1]*0.90)
if event.key == "alt+down":
ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_xbound()[1]*1.10)
ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_ybound()[1]*1.10)
ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_zbound()[1]*1.10)
# Rotational movement
elev=ax.elev
azim=ax.azim
if event.key == "shift+up":
elev+=10
if event.key == "shift+down":
elev-=10
if event.key == "shift+right":
azim+=10
if event.key == "shift+left":
azim-=10
ax.view_init(elev= elev, azim = azim)
# print which ever variable you want
ax.figure.canvas.draw()
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", move_view)
plt.show()
对于一个三维图，如何固定视角？
ax.azim和ax.levelax.elev = 0
ax.azim = 270 # xz view
ax.elev = 0
ax.azim = 0 # yz view
ax.elev = 0
ax.azim = -90 # xy view
％matplotlib notebook。 - YvesgereY