OpenGL照明问题

Question

我很难在启用OpenGL照明时看到我创建的物体。我有一个从3D Max导入的对象，其照明效果是正确的，但我的场景中的其余部分却不正确。我知道我需要指定法线，但这似乎没有起作用。如果我在我的display()函数中创建一个简单的多边形，那么它可以正常显示，但是其他在类的方法中创建并在display()函数中调用的多边形却没有显示出来。

以下是我的照明代码:

glewInit();

glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) 

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

//light position and colour
GLfloat light_position[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 20.0,0.0 };
GLfloat white_light[] = {0.8,0.8,0.8,0.0};
GLfloat diff_light[] = {1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0};
GLfloat spec_light[] = {1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, white_light);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diff_light);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, spec_light);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);

//ambient light
GLfloat ambient[] = {0.3,0.3,0.3};
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, ambient);

//diffuse material component
GLfloat diff[] = {0.6,0.6,0.6};
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, diff);

//specular material component
GLfloat WhiteSpec[] = {1,1,1};
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, WhiteSpec);

GLfloat shininess = 50;
glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, shininess);

//ENABLE LIGHTING AND DEPTH TEST
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

这是我的类方法，用于创建我的海。

glColor3f(0,0,1);
glPushMatrix();

//enable texturing
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);    
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, seaTex);
glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);

for(int i = 0, k = 0; i < (getWidth()/10); i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < (getLength()/10); j++){
        if(i >= Sea::waveLoc1 && i <= Sea::waveLoc1+Sea::sinArrayLength){

            int nextK = k+1;
            if(nextK == Sea::sinArrayLength){
                nextK = 0;
            }

            if(i == Sea::waveLoc1+Sea::sinArrayLength){
                //front of wave
                glBegin(GL_POLYGON);    

                glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);   
                    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j].x, Sea::sinVals[nextK], Sea::seaGrid[i][j].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].x, Sea::sinVals[nextK], Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].x, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].y , Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].x, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].y, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].z);
                glEnd();
            }else{
                //rest of wave
                glBegin(GL_POLYGON);    

                glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);   
                    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j].x, Sea::sinVals[k], Sea::seaGrid[i][j].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].x, Sea::sinVals[k], Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].x, Sea::sinVals[nextK], Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].z);
                    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].x, Sea::sinVals[nextK], Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].z);
                glEnd();
            }

        }else{
            //draw flat sea
            glBegin(GL_POLYGON);    

                glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

                glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].x, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].y, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j].z);
                glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].x, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].y, Sea::seaGrid[i+1][j+1].z);
                glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].x, Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].y, Sea::seaGrid[i][j+1].z);
                glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(Sea::seaGrid[i][j].x, Sea::seaGrid[i][j].y, Sea::seaGrid[i][j].z);
            glEnd();
        }
    }

    //increment k if i is in the area of the wave
    if(k < Sea::sinArrayLength-1 && (i >= Sea::waveLoc1 && i <= Sea::waveLoc1+Sea::sinArrayLength)){
        k++;
    }else if(k == Sea::sinArrayLength){
        k = 0;
    }
}

if(Sea::waveLoc1 < 100 && Sea::waveInc == Sea::waveSpeedLimiter){
    Sea::waveLoc1 +=1;
}else if(Sea::waveLoc1 >= 100){
    Sea::waveLoc1 = 0;
}

//limits speed of wave
if(Sea::waveInc < Sea::waveSpeedLimiter){
    Sea::waveInc++;
}else{
    Sea::waveInc = 0;
}


//disable texturing
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glPopMatrix();

在我的display()函数中，这个被称为如下：

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)screenWidth/(GLfloat)screenHeight,0.1f,1000.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glLoadIdentity();

camera.updateCameraPosition(mouse_x,mouse_y,screenWidth,screenHeight);


sea.buildSeaPlane();
scene.buildEdges();


glPushMatrix(); 
glColor3f(0,1,0);
glTranslatef(0, 20, 200);
model.speedDisplayFaceNormals();

glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();

plane.updatePlanePosition();

glBegin(GL_POLYGON);    

    glNormal3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

    glVertex3f(0, 25, 10);
    glVertex3f(2, 25, 10);
    glVertex3f(2, 25, 20);
    glVertex3f(0, 25, 20);
glEnd();


glPopMatrix();

glFlush();  

有什么想法为什么我看不到这些内容？

更新：

如果我禁用纹理映射，我就能看到海洋。我该如何解决这个问题，以便我可以使用纹理和光照？

更新2：

已将纹理映射更改为GL_MODULATE，但我还必须删除混合才能使其正常工作。我需要启用混合吗？

- Chris

Answer 1

glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);

建议使用纹理计算的结果来替换光照计算。如果想让光照影响纹理，请使用GL_MODULATE而不是GL_REPLACE。

编辑添加：

只有当您希望几何体半透明时才需要混合（这通常是混合的用途）。在您的情况下，代码存在一些问题：

• 您的光颜色完全透明（所有颜色的第四个分量都为0.）。因此，您的光使一切都变得不可见。将其更改为1。
• 您的材料没有第四个分量。这更糟糕，因为glMaterialfv期望4个浮点数。这甚至可能会导致应用程序崩溃或重新格式化磁盘。添加第四个分量，最好设置为1，使其完全不透明。

- Bahbar

Answer 2

在你的glMaterialfv调用中，颜色参数应该有4个值，而不是3个。通常第四个值是alpha为1.0。我不确定将0.0作为glLightfv的第四个值是否可行。

- JWWalker

Answer 3

尝试为整个场景添加环境光。例如：

GLfloat lightColor[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lightColor);

- Emir Akaydın