aov(depvar~timevar+Error(id))
和 aov(depvar~timevar+Error(id/timevar))
公式规范有何区别?这两种变体会产生略微不同的结果。同样的问题曾在此处提问过:https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/60108/how-to-write-the-error-term-in-repeated-measures-anova-in-r不过,我想用一个更恰当的例子再次重复一遍。
下面是我创建的一个例子:
var=rep(NA,180)
id=rep(1:20,each=180/20)
group=rep(rep(1:2,each=9),180/(9*2))
time1=rep(rep(1:3,each=3),180/(3*3))
time2=rep(c(8,15,20),180/3)
var[group==1&time1==1&time2==8]=runif(10,105,115)
var[group==2&time1==1&time2==8]=runif(10,105,115)
var[group==1&time1==1&time2==15]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==2&time1==1&time2==15]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==1&time1==1&time2==20]=runif(10,85,95)
var[group==2&time1==1&time2==20]=runif(10,85,95)
var[group==1&time1==2&time2==8]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==2&time1==2&time2==8]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==1&time1==2&time2==15]=runif(10,85,95)
var[group==2&time1==2&time2==15]=runif(10,75,85)
var[group==1&time1==2&time2==20]=runif(10,75,85)
var[group==2&time1==2&time2==20]=runif(10,65,75)
var[group==1&time1==3&time2==8]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==2&time1==3&time2==8]=runif(10,95,105)
var[group==1&time1==3&time2==15]=runif(10,85,95)
var[group==2&time1==3&time2==15]=runif(10,75,85)
var[group==1&time1==3&time2==20]=runif(10,75,85)
var[group==2&time1==3&time2==20]=runif(10,65,75)
df=data.frame(id,var,group,time1,time2)
df$id=factor(df$id)
df$group=factor(df$group)
df$time1=factor(df$time1)
df$time2=factor(df$time2)
在此执行aov()会根据Error()项的不同规定获得稍微不同的结果:
仅针对一个时间项:
> summary(aov(var~time1+Error(id),data=df))
Error: id
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Residuals 19 958.4 50.44
Error: Within
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
time1 2 7538 3769 30.41 6.72e-12 ***
Residuals 158 19584 124
> summary(aov(var~time1+Error(id/time1),data=df))
Error: id
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Residuals 19 958.4 50.44
Error: id:time1
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
time1 2 7538 3769 211.5 <2e-16 ***
Residuals 38 677 18
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Error: Within
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Residuals 120 18907 157.6
或者对于两个时间术语(为了节省空间,请不要在此处输入输出,您可以自行检查):
summary(aov(var~group*time1*time2+Error(id/(group*time1*time2)),data=df))
summary(aov(var~group*time1*time2+Error(id),data=df))
为什么会发生这种情况?哪个变量是正确的?