根据ListItem特定变量填充布局

7
我正在使用SimpleCursorAdapter和ListView来展示通过Loader加载的一些数据。在cursor中,我有一些带有int类型的项,范围从0到3。
我想要这个int等于0-1的项具有一个布局(右对齐、一种颜色),而2-3的项具有另一个布局(左对齐、另一种颜色)。就像一个聊天应用程序,发送的消息在右侧,接收的消息在左侧。
有没有一种简单的方法来做到这一点?例如使用switch,在范围为0-1时填充layout_1,在范围为2-3时填充layout_2。
编辑:我已经添加了我正在尝试填充的ListFragment的代码。要用作开关的int是MyContentProvider.Data.E_TYPE。我不太懂,但也许有人能清楚地解释我需要写什么!
   import com.actionbarsherlock.view.Menu;
   import com.actionbarsherlock.view.MenuInflater;
   import com.corsalini.survcontr.MyContentProvider.Data;

   import android.content.ContentResolver;
   import android.content.ContentValues;
   import android.database.Cursor;
   import android.os.Bundle;
   import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
   import android.support.v4.content.CursorLoader;
   import android.support.v4.app.LoaderManager;
   import android.support.v4.content.Loader;
   import android.support.v4.widget.CursorAdapter;
   import android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
   import android.util.Log;
   import android.view.View;
   import android.widget.ListView;



  public class FragEvents extends ListFragment implements  LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor>{
@Override
public void onPause() {
    allRead();
    super.onPause();

}

private static final int EVENTS_LOADER = 0x02;

// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;

// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;

@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

    // Give some text to display if there is no data.  In a real
    // application this would come from a resource.
    setEmptyText(this.getString(R.string.perform_event)); 

    // We have a menu item to show in action bar.
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);

    // Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
    mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
            android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null,
            new String[] { MyContentProvider.Data.E_TEXT, MyContentProvider.Data.E_DATE, 
        MyContentProvider.Data.E_NUMBER, MyContentProvider.Data.E_TYPE  },
        new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 },
        CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);
    setListAdapter(mAdapter);

    // Start out with a progress indicator.
    setListShown(false);

    // Prepare the loader.  Either re-connect with an existing one,
    // or start a new one.
    getActivity().getSupportLoaderManager().initLoader(EVENTS_LOADER, null, this);


}

public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
     inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_events, menu);  
}



@Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
    //TODO Insert desired behavior here.
    Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id);
}

// These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
static final String[] SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
    MyContentProvider.Data.E_ID,
    MyContentProvider.Data.E_DATE,
    MyContentProvider.Data.E_NUMBER,
    MyContentProvider.Data.E_TEXT,
    MyContentProvider.Data.E_TYPE,

};

public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {


    return new CursorLoader(getActivity(),  MyContentProvider.Data.CONTENT_URI_EVENTS,
            SUMMARY_PROJECTION, null, null,
            Data.E_ID + " DESC");
}

public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
    // Swap the new cursor in.  (The framework will take care of closing the
    // old cursor once we return.)
    mAdapter.swapCursor(data);

    // The list should now be shown.
    if (isResumed()) {
        setListShown(true);
    } else {
        setListShownNoAnimation(true);
    }
}

public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
    // This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
    // above is about to be closed.  We need to make sure we are no
    // longer using it.
    mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}

public void deleteEvent(ContentResolver contentResolver,
        long id){
    String selection = Data.E_ID + "=";
    String[] args = {String.valueOf(id)};
    contentResolver.delete(Data.CONTENT_URI_EVENTS, selection, args);
}

public void allRead(){
    ContentResolver contentResolver = getActivity().getContentResolver();
    ContentValues contentValue = new ContentValues();
    contentValue.put(Data.E_NUMBER, Data.RECEIVED_READ);
    String selection= Data.E_TYPE+"=";
    String[] args= {String.valueOf(Data.RECEIVED_UNREAD)};
    contentResolver.update(Data.CONTENT_URI_EVENTS, contentValue, selection, args);
}



   }

编辑:如果我理解正确,我的最终EventsAdapter(继承自SimpleCursorAdapter)应该如下所示:

    import android.content.Context;
    import android.database.Cursor;
    import android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.TextView;

    public class EventsAdapter extends SimpleCursorAdapter {

private Context localContext;

public EventsAdapter(Context context, int layout, Cursor c, String[] from,
        int[] to, int flags) {
    super(context, layout, c, from, to, flags);

    localContext = context;
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

    Cursor c= getCursor();
    c.moveToPosition(position);
    if(convertView == null)
    {
        LayoutInflater layoutInflator = (LayoutInflater)localContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

        switch (getItemViewType(position)){
        case 0:
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.item_event_0, null);
            break;
        case 1:
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.item_event_1, null);
            break;
        case 2:
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.item_event_2, null);
            break;
        case 3:
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.item_event_3, null);
            break;
        }

    }
    switch (getItemViewType(position)){
    case 0:
        TextView date0=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.date0);
        TextView text0=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text0);
        date0.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_DATE)));
        text0.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_TEXT)));
        break;
    case 1:
        TextView date1=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.date1);
        TextView text1=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text1);
        date1.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_DATE)));
        text1.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_TEXT)));
    case 2:
        TextView date2=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.date2);
        TextView text2=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text2);
        date2.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_DATE)));
        text2.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_TEXT)));
    case 3:
        TextView date3=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.date3);
        TextView text3=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text3);
        date3.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_DATE)));
        text3.setText(""+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_TEXT)));
    }
    return convertView;
}

@Override
public int getItemViewType(int position) {
    int type = 0;
    int returnInt = 0;
    Cursor c= getCursor();
    c.moveToPosition(position);
    type= c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex(Data.E_TYPE));
    switch (type){
    case Data.RECEIVED_READ:
        returnInt=3;
    case Data.RECEIVED_UNREAD: 
        returnInt= 2;
    case Data.SENT_COMPLETED:
        returnInt= 1;
    case Data.SENT_PROGRESS:
        returnInt= 0;
    default:
        returnInt=0;
    }
    return returnInt;
}

@Override
public int getViewTypeCount() {
    return 4;
}

    }

你可以在适配器的getView()方法中更改背景和布局参数。 - Dmitry Ryadnenko
或者你对这些情况有完全不同的布局吗? - Dmitry Ryadnenko
我还没有编写布局,但我想从XML中填充它们。我应该如何重写SimpleCursorAdapter的getView方法? - David Corsalini
2个回答

10
重要的是,在处理ListViews时,特别是像您描述的复杂的ListViews时,要正确处理视图回收。BaseAdapter类是SimpleCursorAdapter的一个超类,它有一些方法可以覆盖以实现您想要的效果,同时使用最少的资源。我以前从未使用过SimpleCursorAdatper,因此这篇文章是针对普通的CursorAdapter编写的,但您可以将其用于任何覆盖BaseAdapter的适配器类。
Android中的ListViews以非常特定的方式行为,以降低内存成本。当您滚动ListView时,移动到屏幕外的项目的视图会被放置在一个小的视图池中。convertView参数是从此池中取出的。他们这样做是因为保留每个列表项视图在内存中无法很好地扩展,并且可能很快导致OutOfMemory异常。getView()方法是您获取这些视图并为当前列表项配置它们的位置。通常,您会有一行代码看起来像这样:
if(convertView == null)
    convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);

在这种情况下,如果convertView不为null,我们知道它先前已经被填充过了。我们不想重新填充它,因为这是一个代价高昂的操作,getView应该在显示之前快速地填充视图数据。
现在,在你的情况下,convertView有两个潜在的填充。而不是每次重新填充视图(非常糟糕)或者使用某种唯一资源id的hack来为每个视图设置不同的id(更好,但并不理想),我们可以重写基类中的两个方法,以确保convertView始终是正确的类型。这两个方法是getItemViewCount()和getItemViewType(int position)。
getItemViewCount()由适配器用于确定它应该为列表维护多少个视图池。重写它很简单,在你的情况下,看起来会像这样。
@Override
public int getViewTypeCount()
{
    return 2; //Even though you have four cases, there are only 2 view types.
}

getItemViewType(int position)在调用getView之前被Adapter使用,以决定convertView应该来自哪个池子。在这里,您需要一个switch或if/else语句,检查底层数据源的视图类型并返回它。(请注意,根据Android文档,此处的返回值必须在0和getViewTypeCount()-1之间,因此在您的情况下为0或1。)

@Override
public int getItemViewType(int position)
{
    Item item = getItem(position)  //Or however you're getting the data associated with a particular list position
    switch(item.myInt)
    {
         //I simplified this a bit, basically, check your int, if it's the first type, return 0 for your first layout type, else return 1 for your second.
         case(0):
         case(1):
             return 0;
         case(2):
         case(3):
             return 1;
    }
}

现在,最后,我们将修改getView方法来进行初始的布局填充,以便您在池中拥有正确的视图。

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup viewParent)
{
    //if convertView is not null, we got a view from the pool, just go on
    if(convertView == null)
    {
        //This means we didn't have a view in the pool to match this view type.  Inflate it and it will be placed in the proper pool when this list item is scrolled off the screen
        if(getItemViewType(position) == 0)
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.list_item_type1, null);
        else if(getItemViewType(position) == 1)
            convertView = layoutInflator.inflate(R.layout.list_item_type2, null);
    }

    //Populate the view with whatever data you need here

    //And finally....
    return convertView;
}

ListViews和它们的适配器是我在Android中遇到的最复杂的事情之一,但花时间正确地完成这项工作将极大地提高您的应用程序的性能和用户体验。祝好运!


讲解得非常好,我会尝试的! - David Corsalini
我已经编辑了问题并附上了完整的类,请您检查一下? - David Corsalini

0

我认为你只需要在getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)方法中填充正确的布局:

MyItem item = getItem(position);
View vi = convertView;
if(vi == null){
    switch(item.getStatus())
    {
        case 0:
            vi = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
            break;
        case 1:
            vi = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);
            break;
        case 2:
            vi = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item3, null);
            break;
    }
    //set viewholder ...
}else{
    //get viewholder ...
}
// set values to views ...

这是你需要的吗?


@DavidCorsalini 是的,你需要实现自己的适配器,通过扩展BaseAdapterSimpleCursorAdapter,并重写getView方法。在Google上有很多关于自定义listViews的教程。 - AMerle

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