我使用的是搭载苹果M1芯片和macOS 11.6 Big Sur操作系统的MacBook Air。我的R版本是4.1.1。我已经安装了Xtools以及针对Apple M1的gfortran。
markwhite@marks-air ~ % which xcode-select
/usr/bin/xcode-select
markwhite@marks-air ~ % which gfortran
/usr/local/bin/gfortran
我成功安装并运行了R，但是安装某些软件包时出现了问题：
> install.packages("mvtnorm")
There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
binary source needs_compilation
mvtnorm 1.1-2 1.1-3 TRUE
Do you want to install from sources the package which needs compilation? (Yes/no/cancel) Yes
installing the source package ‘mvtnorm’
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/mvtnorm_1.1-3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 166421 bytes (162 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 162 KB
* installing *source* package ‘mvtnorm’ ...
** package ‘mvtnorm’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
clang -arch arm64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/R/arm64/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c C_FORTRAN_interface.c -o C_FORTRAN_interface.o
clang -arch arm64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/R/arm64/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c miwa.c -o miwa.o
/opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran -mtune=native -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fPIC -Wall -g -O2 -c mvt.f -o mvt.o
make: /opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran: No such file or directory
make: *** [mvt.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘mvtnorm’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1-arm64/Resources/library/mvtnorm’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘mvtnorm’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/private/var/folders/fx/f46lfqf56_df59fvzgqhcbyr0000gn/T/RtmpfGZUAF/downloaded_packages’
>
我相信关键的一行是：
make: /opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran: No such file or directory，它在错误的位置寻找gfortran。确认它不存在：
markwhite@marks-air ~ % cd /opt/R/arm64/
markwhite@marks-air arm64 % ls -la
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 8 root wheel 256 Oct 18 11:04 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 root wheel 96 May 13 20:40 ..
drwxrwxr-x 14 root wheel 448 Oct 19 21:34 bin
drwxrwxr-x 29 root wheel 928 May 13 20:47 include
drwxrwxr-x 20 root wheel 640 May 14 18:50 lib
drwxrwxr-x 5 root wheel 160 May 13 20:40 man
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 96 May 14 18:28 pkg
drwxrwxr-x 5 root wheel 160 Oct 18 11:04 share
markwhite@marks-air arm64 %
所以，我只需要将gfortran从它原来的位置移动到R想要的位置：
markwhite@marks-air gfortran % sudo mv /usr/local/bin/gfortran /opt/R/arm64/bin
Password:
markwhite@marks-air gfortran %
然后，我重新启动了 R 并尝试再次操作：
> install.packages("mvtnorm")
There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
binary source needs_compilation
mvtnorm 1.1-2 1.1-3 TRUE
Do you want to install from sources the package which needs compilation? (Yes/no/cancel) Yes
installing the source package ‘mvtnorm’
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/mvtnorm_1.1-3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 166421 bytes (162 KB)
==================================================
downloaded 162 KB
* installing *source* package ‘mvtnorm’ ...
** package ‘mvtnorm’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
clang -arch arm64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/R/arm64/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c C_FORTRAN_interface.c -o C_FORTRAN_interface.o
clang -arch arm64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/R/arm64/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c miwa.c -o miwa.o
/opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran -mtune=native -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fPIC -Wall -g -O2 -c mvt.f -o mvt.o
mvt.f:861:11:
861 | hs = sign( one, dh - r*dk )
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
mvt.f:862:11:
862 | ks = sign( one, dk - r*dh )
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
mvt.f:1155:16:
1155 | K = MOD( C(NP, MIN(NDIM-1,KLIM-1))*DBLE(K), DBLE(P(NP)) )
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
mvt.f:1215:17:
1215 | JP = 1 + J*R(J)
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
mvt.f:94:39:
94 | DOUBLE PRECISION COV(NL*(NL+1)/2), A(NL), B(NL), DL(NL), Y(NL)
| 1
Warning: Array ‘cov’ at (1) is larger than limit set by ‘-fmax-stack-var-size=’, moved from stack to static storage. This makes the procedure unsafe when called recursively, or concurrently from multiple threads. Consider using ‘-frecursive’, or increase the ‘-fmax-stack-var-size=’ limit, or change the code to use an ALLOCATABLE array. [-Wsurprising]
mvt.f:86:33:
86 | SUBROUTINE MVSUBR( N, W, NF, F )
| 1
Warning: Unused dummy argument ‘nf’ at (1) [-Wunused-dummy-argument]
clang -arch arm64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/R/arm64/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c mvtnorm-init.c -o mvtnorm-init.o
/opt/R/arm64/bin/gfortran -mtune=native -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fPIC -Wall -g -O2 -c tvpack.f -o tvpack.o
tvpack.f:395:14:
395 | HS = SIGN( ONE, DH - R*DK )
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
tvpack.f:396:14:
396 | KS = SIGN( ONE, DK - R*DH )
| 1
Warning: Possible change of value in conversion from REAL(8) to INTEGER(4) at (1) [-Wconversion]
tvpack.f:60:52:
60 | DOUBLE PRECISION ONE, ZRO, EPS, ZROS(3), HS(3), TVT, TVTL
| 1
Warning: Unused variable ‘hs’ declared at (1) [-Wunused-variable]
tvpack.f:60:45:
60 | DOUBLE PRECISION ONE, ZRO, EPS, ZROS(3), HS(3), TVT, TVTL
| 1
Warning: Unused variable ‘zros’ declared at (1) [-Wunused-variable]
tvpack.f:220:72:
220 | END
| ^
Warning: ‘fin’ may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
tvpack.f:196:58:
196 | DOUBLE PRECISION EI(NL), AI(NL), BI(NL), FI(NL), FIN, ERR, KRNRDT
| ^
note: ‘fin’ was declared here
clang -arch arm64 -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/opt/R/arm64/lib -o mvtnorm.so C_FORTRAN_interface.o miwa.o mvt.o mvtnorm-init.o tvpack.o -L/opt/R/arm64/gfortran/lib/gcc/aarch64-apple-darwin20.2.0/11.0.0 -L/opt/R/arm64/gfortran/lib -lgfortran -lemutls_w -lm -F/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/.. -framework R -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/opt/R/arm64/gfortran/lib/gcc/aarch64-apple-darwin20.2.0/11.0.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/opt/R/arm64/gfortran/lib'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mvtnorm.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘mvtnorm’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1-arm64/Resources/library/mvtnorm’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘mvtnorm’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/private/var/folders/fx/f46lfqf56_df59fvzgqhcbyr0000gn/T/RtmpmlhiE8/downloaded_packages’
>
看起来它仍然对目录路径感到困惑，或者mv没有实际移动需要移动的内容。
我该如何将R指向正确的目录或在正确的目录中安装gfortran？
我知道这个问题现在很混乱，我已经查看了其他线程，但似乎无法让任何人建议的内容正常工作。