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字符编码不兼容：ASCII-8BIT 和 UTF-8

ruby-on-railsrubyruby-on-rails-3haml
79

我使用 Ruby 1.9.2 和 Rails 3.0.5

我遇到了以下错误:

不兼容的字符编码: ASCII-8BIT 和 UTF-8

我认为这与数据库无关。

错误发生在视图中的此行代码（只是一个 div Haml 调用）:

#content

全栈：

    ActionView::Template::Error (incompatible character encodings: ASCII-8BIT and UTF-8):
        21:                     -flash.each do |name, msg|
        22:                         =content_tag :div, msg, :id => "flash_#{name}"
        23:                         %div.clear                      
        24:                     #content                                        
        25:                         = yield
        26:             = render :partial => "layouts/grid_right" if render_grid_right?
        27:             = render :partial => "layouts/footer"
      app/views/layouts/application.html.haml:24:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_haml___4380000789490545718_2180251300_2717546578298801795'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/template.rb:135:in `block in render'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:54:in `instrument'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/template.rb:127:in `render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/render/layouts.rb:80:in `_render_layout'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:62:in `block in _render_template'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `block in instrument'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:56:in `_render_template'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:26:in `render'
      haml (3.0.25) lib/haml/helpers/action_view_mods.rb:13:in `render_with_haml'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:115:in `_render_template'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:109:in `render_to_body'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/renderers.rb:47:in `render_to_body'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb:55:in `render_to_body'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:102:in `render_to_string'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:93:in `render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:17:in `render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:40:in `block (2 levels) in render'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:5:in `block in ms'
      /Users/michaelkoper/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/benchmark.rb:309:in `realtime'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:5:in `ms'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:40:in `block in render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:78:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:15:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:39:in `render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:10:in `default_render'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb:261:in `block in retrieve_response_from_mimes'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb:192:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb:192:in `respond_to'
      app/controllers/home_controller.rb:9:in `index'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:150:in `process_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:11:in `process_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `block in process_action'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:445:in `_run__3968431659371141392__process_action__3163094469870857953__callbacks'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:409:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:93:in `run_callbacks'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `block in process_action'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `block in instrument'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:29:in `process_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:17:in `process_action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:119:in `process'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:41:in `process'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:138:in `dispatch'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:14:in `dispatch'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:178:in `block in action'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `dispatch'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call'
      rack-mount (0.6.13) lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:148:in `block in call'
      rack-mount (0.6.13) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:93:in `block in recognize'
      rack-mount (0.6.13) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:68:in `optimized_each'
      rack-mount (0.6.13) lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:92:in `recognize'
      rack-mount (0.6.13) lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:139:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:492:in `call'
      haml (3.0.25) lib/sass/plugin/rack.rb:41:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/best_standards_support.rb:17:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/head.rb:14:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:21:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:182:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb:149:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:302:in `call'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:32:in `block in call'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:28:in `cache'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:12:in `cache'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:31:in `call'
      activerecord (3.0.5) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:354:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `block in call'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:415:in `_run_call_callbacks'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:107:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:48:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:47:in `call'
      railties (3.0.5) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:13:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
      activesupport (3.0.5) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `block in call'
      <internal:prelude>:10:in `synchronize'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call'
      actionpack (3.0.5) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call'
      railties (3.0.5) lib/rails/application.rb:168:in `call'
      railties (3.0.5) lib/rails/application.rb:77:in `method_missing'
      railties (3.0.5) lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:14:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/chunked.rb:15:in `call'
      rack (1.2.1) lib/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:67:in `process'
      mongrel (1.2.0.pre2) lib/mongrel.rb:165:in `block in process_client'
      mongrel (1.2.0.pre2) lib/mongrel.rb:164:in `each'
      mongrel (1.2.0.pre2) lib/mongrel.rb:164:in `process_client'
      mongrel (1.2.0.pre2) lib/mongrel.rb:291:in `block (2 levels) in run'

我的宝石：

        Using rake (0.8.7) 
        Using RedCloth (4.2.2) 
        Using abstract (1.0.0) 
        Using activesupport (3.0.5) 
        Using builder (2.1.2) 
        Using i18n (0.5.0) 
        Using activemodel (3.0.5) 
        Using erubis (2.6.6) 
        Using rack (1.2.1) 
        Using rack-mount (0.6.13) 
        Using rack-test (0.5.7) 
        Using tzinfo (0.3.24) 
        Using actionpack (3.0.5) 
        Using mime-types (1.16) 
        Using polyglot (0.3.1) 
        Using treetop (1.4.9) 
        Using mail (2.2.15) 
        Using actionmailer (3.0.5) 
        Using arel (2.0.9) 
        Using activerecord (3.0.5) 
        Using activeresource (3.0.5) 
        Using authlogic (2.1.6) 
        Using xml-simple (1.0.14) 
        Using aws-s3 (0.6.2) 
        Using block_helpers (0.3.3) 
        Using bundler (1.0.10) 
        Using diff-lcs (1.1.2) 
        Using json (1.4.6) 
        Using gherkin (2.3.4) 
        Using term-ansicolor (1.0.5) 
        Using cucumber (0.10.0) 
        Using cucumber-rails (0.3.2) 
        Using daemons (1.0.10) 
        Using database_cleaner (0.6.5) 
        Using factory_girl (1.3.3) 
        Using faker (0.9.5) 
        Using formtastic (1.2.3) 
        Using gem_plugin (0.2.3) 
        Using haml (3.0.25) 
        Using thor (0.14.6) 
        Using railties (3.0.5) 
        Using rails (3.0.5) 
        Using kaminari (0.10.4) 
        Using mongrel (1.2.0.pre2) 
        Using mysql2 (0.2.6) 
        Using nokogiri (1.4.4) 
        Using paperclip (2.3.8) 
        Using rspec-core (2.5.1) 
        Using rspec-expectations (2.5.0) 
        Using rspec-mocks (2.5.0) 
        Using rspec (2.5.0) 
        Using yard (0.6.4) 
        Using pickle (0.4.4) 
        Using populator (1.0.0) 
        Using rspec-rails (2.5.0) 
        Using webrat (0.7.3)
你的应用程序使用 'UTF-8' 或 'ASCII-8BIT' 作为默认编码吗？此外，如果没有任何闪存消息，您是否会收到此错误？ - Pan Thomakos
我是这样解决的： https://dev59.com/BGbWa4cB1Zd3GeqPTBnd#16737583 - mvlwn
只是留个评论：我使用TextEdit编辑了一个文件，它把 ==>'<== 改成了 ==>`<== : 然后就报错了。别用TextEdit这个垃圾软件。 - Rambatino
19个回答
2
我遇到了类似的问题。虽然我已经解决了UTF-8编码问题（使用mysql2和Encoding.default_external = Encoding :: UTF_8 ...），但是当我使用不正确的helper参数时，会出现不兼容的字符编码：UTF-8和ASCII-8BIT，例如f.button :submit,“Zrušiť”正常工作，但f.button “Zrušiť”会抛出编码错误。
0
如果错误的原因是一个渲染块，则可以使用以下方法：
<%= (
  render "{SOME_TEMPLATE}", some_variable: some_variable
).force_encoding("UTF-8") %>

我已经分割了这些行以显示括号和强制编码

0

非常奇怪，我遇到了这个问题，因为我忘记指定“type”参数。例如：

add_column :cms_push_msgs, :android_title

应该是：

add_column :cms_push_msgs, :android_content, :string
0

在 Ruby 1.9.2 上解析 CSV 文件时，我遇到了与在 Ruby 1.8 上正确解析的相同问题。我在这里找到了答案。当使用 Ruby CSV 模块打开 CSV 文件时，需要指定 UTF-8 编码，如下所示：

CSV.foreach("file.txt", encoding: "UTF-8") do |row|
   # foo and bar correctly encoded
   foo, bar, ... = row
end
0
使用rails-latex-gem创建pdf文档时遇到了类似的问题。 我通过修改layouts/application.pdf.erb来解决这个问题。
\begin{document}

<%= yield.force_encoding("UTF-8") %>


\end{document}
0

我在最近的一个项目中，使用Rails 4.1和Ruby 2.3.3时遇到了相同的晦涩错误信息，堆栈跟踪源于布局application.html.haml。

经过一番搜索，罪魁祸首是一个UTF-8字符，最近被添加到所有页面的页脚中。由于某种奇怪的原因，错误只会间歇性地显示出来。

用相应的HTML转义序列&#xHHHH;替换UTF-8字符解决了这个问题。

我希望这能为其他人节省一些时间。

0
仅供记录：对我来说，问题出在一个叫做'mysql'的宝石上...显然默认情况下它使用US-ASCII 8位字符集。所以将它更改为宝石mysql2（这里的2是重点）解决了我所有的问题。
我查看了上面发布的宝石列表 - Michael Koper显然已经安装了mysql2，但我发布这篇文章是为了帮助那些遇到同样问题的人...(我花了一些时间才想明白)。
如果你不喜欢这个答案，请评论告诉我，我会删除它。
附言：德语umlauts (ä,ö和ü) 与mysql不兼容。
请确保在Gemfile和database.yml文件中将mysql切换为mysql2。 - atomiccoder
0
我曾经遇到过类似的问题，而 gem string-scrub 自动为我解决了这个问题。https://github.com/hsbt/string-scrub 如果给定的字符串包含无效的字节序列，则该无效的字节序列将被替换为 Unicode 替换字符（�），并返回一个新的字符串。
0

我在一个自定义的CoffeeScript文件上遇到了类似的问题。通过将换行编码从“Unix / Linux”改为“Mac OS Classic”，我解决了这个问题。

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