{1, 2, 3}的幂集是：
{{}, {2}, {3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 2, 3}, {1}}
假设我有一个Java中的Set：
Set<Integer> mySet = new HashSet<Integer>();
mySet.add(1);
mySet.add(2);
mySet.add(3);
Set<Set<Integer>> powerSet = getPowerset(mySet);
如何编写复杂度最佳的getPowerset函数？（我认为它可能是O(2^n)）
public static <T> List<List<T>> powerSet(List<T> originalSet) {
// result size will be 2^n, where n=size(originalset)
// good to initialize the array size to avoid dynamic growing
int resultSize = (int) Math.pow(2, originalSet.size());
// resultPowerSet is what we will return
List<List<T>> resultPowerSet = new ArrayList<List<T>>(resultSize);
// Initialize result with the empty set, which powersets contain by definition
resultPowerSet.add(new ArrayList<T>(0));
// for every item in the original list
for (T itemFromOriginalSet : originalSet) {
// iterate through the existing powerset result
// loop through subset and append to the resultPowerset as we go
// must remember size at the beginning, before we append new elements
int startingResultSize = resultPowerSet.size();
for (int i=0; i<startingResultSize; i++) {
// start with an existing element of the powerset
List<T> oldSubset = resultPowerSet.get(i);
// create a new element by adding a new item from the original list
List<T> newSubset = new ArrayList<T>(oldSubset);
newSubset.add(itemFromOriginalSet);
// add this element to the result powerset (past startingResultSize)
resultPowerSet.add(newSubset);
}
}
return resultPowerSet;
}
public static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> powerSet(int[] numbers) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combinations = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
BitSet bits = new BitSet(numbers.length);
do{
combinations.add(getCombination(numbers, bits));
}while(increment(bits, numbers.length));
return combinations;
}
private static boolean increment(BitSet bits, int length) {
int index = length - 1;
while(index >= 0 && bits.get(index)) {
bits.clear(index);
--index;
}
if(index < 0)
return false;
bits.set(index);
return true;
}
private static ArrayList<Integer> getCombination(int[] numbers, BitSet bits){
ArrayList<Integer> combination = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i = 0; i < numbers.length; ++i) {
if(bits.get(i))
combination.add(numbers[i]);
}
return combination;
}
方法increment会增加一组位表示的数字。该算法会从最右边的位开始清除1位，直到找到0位。然后将最右边的0位设置为1。例如，为了使用位{1，0，1}增加数字5，它会从右侧清除1位，并将最右边的0位设置为1。数字6的位变为{1，1，0}，这是将5增加1的结果。
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class SetUtil {
private static<T> Set<Set<T>> combine(T head, Set<Set<T>> set) {
Set<Set<T>> all = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (Set<T> currentSet : set) {
Set<T> outputSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
outputSet.add(head);
outputSet.addAll(currentSet);
all.add(outputSet);
}
all.addAll(set);
return all;
}
//Assuming that T[] is an array with no repeated elements ...
public static<T> Set<Set<T>> powerSet(T[] input) {
if (input.length == 0) {
Set <Set<T>>emptySet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
emptySet.add(new LinkedHashSet<T>());
return emptySet;
}
T head = input[0];
T[] newInputSet = (T[]) new Object[input.length - 1];
for (int i = 1; i < input.length; ++i) {
newInputSet[i - 1] = input[i];
}
Set<Set<T>> all = combine(head, powerSet(newInputSet));
return all;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<Set<Integer>> set = SetUtil.powerSet(new Integer[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6});
System.out.println(set);
}
}
[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 6], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 4, 6], [1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 5, 6], [1, 2, 5], [1, 2, 6], [1, 2], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 3], [1, 4, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 6], [1, 4], [1, 5, 6], [1, 5], [1, 6], [1], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 6], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 6], [2, 3], [2, 4, 5, 6], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6], [2, 4], [2, 5, 6], [2, 5], [2, 6], [2], [3, 4, 5, 6], [3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 6], [3, 4], [3, 5, 6], [3, 5], [3, 6], [3], [4, 5, 6], [4, 5], [4, 6], [4], [5, 6], [5], [6], []]
public static void main(String args[])
{
int[] arr = new int[]{1,2,3,4};
// Assuming that number of sets are in integer range
int totalSets = (int)Math.pow(2,arr.length);
for(int i=0;i<totalSets;i++)
{
String binaryRep = Integer.toBinaryString(i);
for(int j=0;j<binaryRep.length();j++)
{
int index=binaryRep.length()-1-j;
if(binaryRep.charAt(index)=='1')
System.out.print(arr[j] +" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
这是我的lambda方法。
public static <T> Set<Set<T>> powerSet(T[] set) {
return IntStream
.range(0, (int) Math.pow(2, set.length))
.parallel() //performance improvement
.mapToObj(e -> IntStream.range(0, set.length).filter(i -> (e & (0b1 << i)) != 0).mapToObj(i -> set[i]).collect(Collectors.toSet()))
.map(Function.identity())
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
或者并行执行（参见parallel()注释）：
输入集大小：18
逻辑处理器：8个，主频3.4GHz
性能提升：30%
public HashSet<HashSet> createPowerSet(Object[] array)
{
HashSet<HashSet> powerSet=new HashSet();
boolean[] mask= new boolean[array.length];
for(int i=0;i<Math.pow(2, array.length);i++)
{
HashSet set=new HashSet();
for(int j=0;j<mask.length;j++)
{
if(mask[i])
set.add(array[j]);
}
powerSet.add(set);
increaseMask(mask);
}
return powerSet;
}
public void increaseMask(boolean[] mask)
{
boolean carry=false;
if(mask[0])
{
mask[0]=false;
carry=true;
}
else
mask[0]=true;
for(int i=1;i<mask.length;i++)
{
if(mask[i]==true && carry==true)
mask[i]=false;
else if (mask[i]==false && carry==true)
{
mask[i]=true;
carry=false;
}
else
break;
}
}
算法：
输入：Set[]，set_size 1. 获取幂集的大小 powet_set_size = pow(2, set_size) 2. 循环计数器从0到pow_set_size (a) 循环i从0到set_size (i) 如果计数器中第i位被设置 打印该子集中的第i个元素 (b) 打印子集分隔符，即换行
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void printPowerSet(char *set, int set_size)
{
/*set_size of power set of a set with set_size
n is (2**n -1)*/
unsigned int pow_set_size = pow(2, set_size);
int counter, j;
/*Run from counter 000..0 to 111..1*/
for(counter = 0; counter < pow_set_size; counter++)
{
for(j = 0; j < set_size; j++)
{
/* Check if jth bit in the counter is set
If set then pront jth element from set */
if(counter & (1<<j))
printf("%c", set[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
/*Driver program to test printPowerSet*/
int main()
{
char set[] = {'a','b','c'};
printPowerSet(set, 3);
getchar();
return 0;
}这里是生成幂集的方法。首先将S[0]作为第一个元素，将剩下的元素组成较小的集合S[1,...n]。
计算较小集合的所有子集并将它们放入allsubsets中。
对于allsubsets中的每个子集，克隆它并将first添加到子集中。
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> getSubsets(ArrayList<Integer> set, int index){
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> allsubsets;
if(set.size() == index){
allsubsets = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
allsubsets.add(new ArrayList<Integer>()); // the empty set
}else{
allsubsets = getSubsets(set, index+1);
int item = set.get(index);
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> moresubsets = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
for(ArrayList<Integer> subset: allsubsets){
ArrayList<Integer> newsubset = new ArrayList<Integer>();
newsubset.addAll(subset);
newsubset.add(item);
moresubsets.add(newsubset);
}
moresubsets.addAll(moresubsets);
}
return allsubsets;
}
t 的子集是指通过删除 t 中零个或多个元素而制成的任何集合。missingFirst 子集添加了那些缺少第一个元素的 t 子集，for 循环将处理添加带有第一个元素的子集。例如，如果 t 包含元素 ["1", "2", "3"]，missingFirst 将添加 [[""],["2"],["3"],["2","3"]]，for 循环将把 "1" 放在这些元素的前面并添加到 newSet 中。因此，我们最终会得到 [[""],["1"],["2"],["3"],["1","2"],["1","3"],["2","3"],["1","2","3"]]。
public static Set<Set<String>> allSubsets(Set<String> t) {
Set<Set<String>> powerSet = new TreeSet<>();
if(t.isEmpty()) {
powerSet.add(new TreeSet<>());
return powerSet;
}
String first = t.get(0);
Set<Set<String>> withoutFirst = allSubsets(t.subSet(1, t.size()));
for (List<String> 1st : withoutFirst) {
Set<String> newSet = new TreeSet<>();
newSet.add(first);
newSet.addAll(lst);
powerSet.add(newSet);
}
powerSet.addAll(withoutFirst);
return powerSet;
}
Set没有带有索引的get方法，也没有subSet方法；1st不是有效的标识符（我想应该是指lst）。将所有的集合更改为列表，它就可以几乎编译了... - john16384