我希望能够在C/C++中使用lapack计算一般的NxN矩阵的逆。
据我了解，使用dgetri函数进行求逆是lapack中的一种方法，但是我无法弄清楚它的所有参数应该是什么。
以下是我的代码：
void dgetri_(int* N, double* A, int* lda, int* IPIV, double* WORK, int* lwork, int* INFO);
int main(){
double M [9] = {
1,2,3,
4,5,6,
7,8,9
};
return 0;
}
如何使用dgetri_获得3x3矩阵M的逆矩阵？
以下是使用C/C++中的LAPACK计算矩阵逆的可行代码：
#include <cstdio>
extern "C" {
// LU decomoposition of a general matrix
void dgetrf_(int* M, int *N, double* A, int* lda, int* IPIV, int* INFO);
// generate inverse of a matrix given its LU decomposition
void dgetri_(int* N, double* A, int* lda, int* IPIV, double* WORK, int* lwork, int* INFO);
}
void inverse(double* A, int N)
{
int *IPIV = new int[N];
int LWORK = N*N;
double *WORK = new double[LWORK];
int INFO;
dgetrf_(&N,&N,A,&N,IPIV,&INFO);
dgetri_(&N,A,&N,IPIV,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
delete[] IPIV;
delete[] WORK;
}
int main(){
double A [2*2] = {
1,2,
3,4
};
inverse(A, 2);
printf("%f %f\n", A[0], A[1]);
printf("%f %f\n", A[2], A[3]);
return 0;
}
首先，M必须是一个二维数组，如double M[3][3]。从数学上讲，您的数组是一个1x9向量，无法求逆。
N是指向矩阵的秩的int类型指针-在这种情况下，N=3。
A是指向矩阵的LU分解的指针，您可以通过运行LAPACK例程dgetrf来获得它。
LDA是矩阵的“前导元素”的整数，它允许您选择一个更大的矩阵的子集，如果您只想反转一小部分。如果要反转整个矩阵，则LDA应该等于N。
IPIV是矩阵的枢轴索引，换句话说，它是一系列指令，告诉您要交换哪些行以反转矩阵。IPIV应该由LAPACK例程dgetrf生成。
LWORK和WORK是LAPACK使用的“工作空间”。如果要反转整个矩阵，则LWORK应该是一个等于N^2的int类型，而WORK应该是具有LWORK元素的double数组。
INFO只是一个状态变量，用于告诉您操作是否成功完成。由于并非所有矩阵都可逆，我建议您将其发送到某种错误检查系统。INFO=0表示操作成功，INFO=-i表示第i个参数具有不正确的输入值，而INFO> 0表示矩阵不可逆。
因此，对于您的代码，我会这样做：
int main(){
double M[3][3] = { {1 , 2 , 3},
{4 , 5 , 6},
{7 , 8 , 9}}
double pivotArray[3]; //since our matrix has three rows
int errorHandler;
double lapackWorkspace[9];
// dgetrf(M,N,A,LDA,IPIV,INFO) means invert LDA columns of an M by N matrix
// called A, sending the pivot indices to IPIV, and spitting error
// information to INFO.
// also don't forget (like I did) that when you pass a two-dimensional array
// to a function you need to specify the number of "rows"
dgetrf_(3,3,M[3][],3,pivotArray[3],&errorHandler);
//some sort of error check
dgetri_(3,M[3][],3,pivotArray[3],9,lapackWorkspace,&errorHandler);
//another error check
}
LAPACKE_dgetrf 而不是 Fortran 程序中的 dgetrf_。同样，对于 dgetri 也是如此。否则，你必须使用地址来调用所有内容。 - Reb.Cabin#include <stdio.h>
#include "cblas.h"
#include "lapacke.h"
// inplace inverse n x n matrix A.
// matrix A is Column Major (i.e. firts line, second line ... *not* C[][] order)
// returns:
// ret = 0 on success
// ret < 0 illegal argument value
// ret > 0 singular matrix
lapack_int matInv(double *A, unsigned n)
{
int ipiv[n+1];
lapack_int ret;
ret = LAPACKE_dgetrf(LAPACK_COL_MAJOR,
n,
n,
A,
n,
ipiv);
if (ret !=0)
return ret;
ret = LAPACKE_dgetri(LAPACK_COL_MAJOR,
n,
A,
n,
ipiv);
return ret;
}
int main()
{
double A[] = {
0.378589, 0.971711, 0.016087, 0.037668, 0.312398,
0.756377, 0.345708, 0.922947, 0.846671, 0.856103,
0.732510, 0.108942, 0.476969, 0.398254, 0.507045,
0.162608, 0.227770, 0.533074, 0.807075, 0.180335,
0.517006, 0.315992, 0.914848, 0.460825, 0.731980
};
for (int i=0; i<25; i++) {
if ((i%5) == 0) putchar('\n');
printf("%+12.8f ",A[i]);
}
putchar('\n');
matInv(A,5);
for (int i=0; i<25; i++) {
if ((i%5) == 0) putchar('\n');
printf("%+12.8f ",A[i]);
}
putchar('\n');
}
例子：
% g++ -I [OpenBlas path]/include/ example.cpp [OpenBlas path]/lib/libopenblas.a
% a.out
+0.37858900 +0.97171100 +0.01608700 +0.03766800 +0.31239800
+0.75637700 +0.34570800 +0.92294700 +0.84667100 +0.85610300
+0.73251000 +0.10894200 +0.47696900 +0.39825400 +0.50704500
+0.16260800 +0.22777000 +0.53307400 +0.80707500 +0.18033500
+0.51700600 +0.31599200 +0.91484800 +0.46082500 +0.73198000
+0.24335255 -2.67946180 +3.57538817 +0.83711880 +0.34704217
+1.02790497 -1.05086895 -0.07468137 +0.71041070 +0.66708313
-0.21087237 -4.47765165 +1.73958308 +1.73999641 +3.69324020
-0.14100897 +2.34977565 -0.93725915 +0.47383541 -2.15554470
-0.26329660 +6.46315378 -4.07721533 -3.37094863 -2.42580445
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <lapacke.h>
int main() {
int N = 3;
int NN = 9;
double M[3][3] = { {1 , 2 , 3},
{4 , 5 , 6},
{7 , 8 , 9} };
int pivotArray[3]; //since our matrix has three rows
int errorHandler;
double lapackWorkspace[9];
// dgetrf(M,N,A,LDA,IPIV,INFO) means invert LDA columns of an M by N matrix
// called A, sending the pivot indices to IPIV, and spitting error information
// to INFO. also don't forget (like I did) that when you pass a two-dimensional
// array to a function you need to specify the number of "rows"
dgetrf_(&N, &N, M[0], &N, pivotArray, &errorHandler);
printf ("dgetrf eh, %d, should be zero\n", errorHandler);
dgetri_(&N, M[0], &N, pivotArray, lapackWorkspace, &NN, &errorHandler);
printf ("dgetri eh, %d, should be zero\n", errorHandler);
for (size_t row = 0; row < N; ++row)
{ for (size_t col = 0; col < N; ++col)
{ printf ("%g", M[row][col]);
if (N-1 != col)
{ printf (", "); } }
if (N-1 != row)
{ printf ("\n"); } }
return 0; }
gcc main.c -llapacke -llapack
./a.out
我对LAPACKE库进行了nm操作，发现以下结果：
liblapacke.a(lapacke_dgetri.o):
U _LAPACKE_dge_nancheck
0000000000000000 T _LAPACKE_dgetri
U _LAPACKE_dgetri_work
U _LAPACKE_xerbla
U _free
U _malloc
liblapacke.a(lapacke_dgetri_work.o):
U _LAPACKE_dge_trans
0000000000000000 T _LAPACKE_dgetri_work
U _LAPACKE_xerbla
U _dgetri_
U _free
U _malloc
我看到有一个LAPACKE [sic]包装器，可以方便地为Fortran提供地址，但我可能不会尝试它，因为我有一种前进的方式。
编辑
这是一个可行的版本，绕过LAPACKE [sic]，直接使用LAPACK Fortran例程。 我不明白为什么行主输入会产生正确的结果，但我在Mathematica中再次确认了它。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
int main() {
int N = 3;
int NN = 9;
double M[3][3] = { {1 , 2 , 3},
{4 , 5 , 6},
{7 , 8 , 19} };
int pivotArray[3]; //since our matrix has three rows
int errorHandler;
double lapackWorkspace[9];
/* from http://www.netlib.no/netlib/lapack/double/dgetrf.f
SUBROUTINE DGETRF( M, N, A, LDA, IPIV, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK routine (version 3.1) --
* Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd..
* November 2006
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, LDA, M, N
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
INTEGER IPIV( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * )
*/
extern void dgetrf_ (int * m, int * n, double * A, int * LDA, int * IPIV,
int * INFO);
/* from http://www.netlib.no/netlib/lapack/double/dgetri.f
SUBROUTINE DGETRI( N, A, LDA, IPIV, WORK, LWORK, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK routine (version 3.1) --
* Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd..
* November 2006
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LWORK, N
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
INTEGER IPIV( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), WORK( * )
*/
extern void dgetri_ (int * n, double * A, int * LDA, int * IPIV,
double * WORK, int * LWORK, int * INFO);
// dgetrf(M,N,A,LDA,IPIV,INFO) means invert LDA columns of an M by N matrix
// called A, sending the pivot indices to IPIV, and spitting error information
// to INFO. also don't forget (like I did) that when you pass a two-dimensional
// array to a function you need to specify the number of "rows"
dgetrf_(&N, &N, M[0], &N, pivotArray, &errorHandler);
printf ("dgetrf eh, %d, should be zero\n", errorHandler);
dgetri_(&N, M[0], &N, pivotArray, lapackWorkspace, &NN, &errorHandler);
printf ("dgetri eh, %d, should be zero\n", errorHandler);
for (size_t row = 0; row < N; ++row)
{ for (size_t col = 0; col < N; ++col)
{ printf ("%g", M[row][col]);
if (N-1 != col)
{ printf (", "); } }
if (N-1 != row)
{ printf ("\n"); } }
return 0; }
像这样构建和运行：
$ gcc foo.c -llapack
$ ./a.out
dgetrf eh, 0, should be zero
dgetri eh, 0, should be zero
-1.56667, 0.466667, 0.1
1.13333, 0.0666667, -0.2
0.1, -0.2, 0.1
编辑
这个谜团似乎不再是谜团了。我认为计算是按列主序进行的，因为必须这样做，但我输入和输出矩阵时却像它们是按行主序排列的。我有两个错误互相抵消，所以事情看起来像是按行排列，即使它们实际上是按列排列的。
delete[] IPIV和delete [] work。 - Reb.Cabinnew调用更改为malloc，将delete[]调用更改为frees（并且摆脱extern "C"）。 - alfalfasprout