< p > 在VB6中是否可以实现< code>String.Format(),至少一个足够接近的版本,在使用老式VB6编程时非常有用?
关于VB6字符串操作性能的好资源:这里
另外,我还开发了几个字符串比较函数,请在CodeReview.SE上找到它们。
这些函数对于改善VB6的可读性非常有用,特别是如果你最近已经习惯了.net代码,并突然需要深入VB6代码库...享受吧!
关于VB6字符串操作性能的好资源:这里
另外,我还开发了几个字符串比较函数,请在CodeReview.SE上找到它们。
这些函数对于改善VB6的可读性非常有用,特别是如果你最近已经习惯了.net代码,并突然需要深入VB6代码库...享受吧!
。
Public PADDING_CHAR As String
Public Function StringFormat(format_string As String, ParamArray values()) As String
'VB6 implementation of .net String.Format(), slightly customized.
'Tested with Office 2010 VBA (x64)
Dim return_value As String
Dim values_count As Integer
'some error-handling constants:
Const ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION As Long = vbObjectError Or 9001
Const ERR_ARGUMENT_NULL_EXCEPTION As Long = vbObjectError Or 9002
Const ERR_SOURCE As String = "StringFormat"
Const ERR_MSG_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING As String = "Invalid format string."
Const ERR_MSG_FORMAT_EXCEPTION As String = "The number indicating an argument to format is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the length of the args array."
'use SPACE as default padding character
If PADDING_CHAR = vbNullString Then PADDING_CHAR = Chr$(32)
'figure out number of passed values:
values_count = UBound(values) + 1
Dim regex As RegExp
Dim matches As MatchCollection
Dim thisMatch As Match
Dim thisString As String
Dim thisFormat As String
'when format_string starts with "@", escapes are not replaced
'(string is treated as a literal string with placeholders)
Dim useLiteral As Boolean
Dim escapeHex As Boolean 'indicates whether HEX specifier "0x" is to be escaped or not
'validate string_format:
Set regex = New RegExp
regex.Pattern = "{({{)*(\w+)(,-?\d+)?(:[^}]+)?}(}})*"
regex.IgnoreCase = True
regex.Global = True
Set matches = regex.Execute(format_string)
'determine if values_count matches number of unique regex matches:
Dim uniqueCount As Integer
Dim tmpCSV As String
For Each thisMatch In matches
If Not StringContains(tmpCSV, thisMatch.SubMatches(1)) Then
uniqueCount = uniqueCount + 1
tmpCSV = tmpCSV & thisMatch.SubMatches(1) & ","
End If
Next
'unique indices count must match values_count:
If matches.Count > 0 And uniqueCount <> values_count Then _
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_FORMAT_EXCEPTION
useLiteral = StringStartsWith("@", format_string)
'remove the "@" literal specifier
If useLiteral Then format_string = Right(format_string, Len(format_string) - 1)
If Not useLiteral And StringContains(format_string, "\\") Then _
format_string = Replace(format_string, "\\", Chr$(27))
If StringContains(format_string, "\\") Then _
format_string = Replace(format_string, "\\", Chr$(27))
If matches.Count = 0 And format_string <> vbNullString And UBound(values) = -1 Then
'only format_string was specified: skip to checking escape sequences:
return_value = format_string
GoTo checkEscapes
ElseIf UBound(values) = -1 And matches.Count > 0 Then
Err.Raise ERR_ARGUMENT_NULL_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_FORMAT_EXCEPTION
End If
return_value = format_string
'dissect format_string:
Dim i As Integer, v As String, p As String 'i: iterator; v: value; p: placeholder
Dim alignmentGroup As String, alignmentSpecifier As String
Dim formattedValue As String, alignmentPadding As Integer
'iterate regex matches (each match is a placeholder):
For i = 0 To matches.Count - 1
'get the placeholder specified index:
Set thisMatch = matches(i)
p = thisMatch.SubMatches(1)
'if specified index (0-based) > uniqueCount (1-based), something's wrong:
If p > uniqueCount - 1 Then _
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_FORMAT_EXCEPTION
v = values(p)
'get the alignment specifier if it is specified:
alignmentGroup = thisMatch.SubMatches(2)
If alignmentGroup <> vbNullString Then _
alignmentSpecifier = Right$(alignmentGroup, LenB(alignmentGroup) / 2 - 1)
'get the format specifier if it is specified:
thisString = thisMatch.Value
If StringContains(thisString, ":") Then
Dim formatGroup As String, precisionSpecifier As Integer
Dim formatSpecifier As String, precisionString As String
'get the string between ":" and "}":
formatGroup = Mid$(thisString, InStr(1, thisString, ":") + 1, (LenB(thisString) / 2) - 2)
formatGroup = Left$(formatGroup, LenB(formatGroup) / 2 - 1)
precisionString = Right$(formatGroup, LenB(formatGroup) / 2 - 1)
formatSpecifier = Mid$(thisString, InStr(1, thisString, ":") + 1, 1)
'applicable formatting depends on the type of the value (yes, GOTO!!):
If TypeName(values(p)) = "Date" Then GoTo DateTimeFormatSpecifiers
If v = vbNullString Then GoTo ApplyStringFormat
NumberFormatSpecifiers:
If precisionString <> vbNullString And Not IsNumeric(precisionString) Then _
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING
If precisionString = vbNullString Then precisionString = 0
Select Case formatSpecifier
Case "C", "c" 'CURRENCY format, formats string as currency.
'Precision specifier determines number of decimal digits.
'This implementation ignores regional settings
'(hard-coded group separator, decimal separator and currency sign).
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
thisFormat = "#,##0.$"
If LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier > 0 Then
'if a non-zero precision is specified...
thisFormat = _
Replace$(thisFormat, ".", "." & String$(precisionString, Chr$(48)))
End If
Case "D", "d" 'DECIMAL format, formats string as integer number.
'Precision specifier determines number of digits in returned string.
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
thisFormat = "0"
thisFormat = Right$(String$(precisionSpecifier, "0") & thisFormat, _
IIf(precisionSpecifier = 0, Len(thisFormat), precisionSpecifier))
Case "E", "e" 'EXPONENTIAL NOTATION format (aka "Scientific Notation")
'Precision specifier determines number of decimals in returned string.
'This implementation ignores regional settings'
'(hard-coded decimal separator).
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
thisFormat = "0.00000#" & formatSpecifier & "-#" 'defaults to 6 decimals
If LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier > 0 Then
'if a non-zero precision is specified...
thisFormat = "0." & String$(precisionSpecifier - 1, Chr$(48)) & "#" & formatSpecifier & "-#"
ElseIf LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier = 0 Then
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING
End If
Case "F", "f" 'FIXED-POINT format
'Precision specifier determines number of decimals in returned string.
'This implementation ignores regional settings'
'(hard-coded decimal separator).
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
thisFormat = "0"
If LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier > 0 Then
'if a non-zero precision is specified...
thisFormat = (thisFormat & ".") & String$(precisionSpecifier, Chr$(48))
Else
'no precision specified - default to 2 decimals:
thisFormat = "0.00"
End If
Case "G", "g" 'GENERAL format (recursive)
'returns the shortest of either FIXED-POINT or SCIENTIFIC formats in case of a Double.
'returns DECIMAL format in case of a Integer or Long.
Dim eNotation As String, ePower As Integer, specifier As String
precisionSpecifier = IIf(CInt(precisionString) > 0, CInt(precisionString), _
IIf(StringContains(v, "."), Len(v) - InStr(1, v, "."), 0))
'track character case of formatSpecifier:
specifier = IIf(formatSpecifier = "G", "D", "d")
If TypeName(values(p)) = "Integer" Or TypeName(values(p)) = "Long" Then
'Integer types: use {0:D} (recursive call):
formattedValue = StringFormat("{0:" & specifier & "}", values(p))
ElseIf TypeName(values(p)) = "Double" Then
'Non-integer types: use {0:E}
specifier = IIf(formatSpecifier = "G", "E", "e")
'evaluate the exponential notation value (recursive call):
eNotation = StringFormat("{0:" & specifier & "}", v)
'get the power of eNotation:
ePower = Mid$(eNotation, InStr(1, UCase$(eNotation), "E-") + 1, Len(eNotation) - InStr(1, UCase$(eNotation), "E-"))
If ePower > -5 And Abs(ePower) < precisionSpecifier Then
'use {0:F} when ePower > -5 and abs(ePower) < precisionSpecifier:
'evaluate the floating-point value (recursive call):
specifier = IIf(formatSpecifier = "G", "F", "f")
formattedValue = StringFormat("{0:" & formatSpecifier & _
IIf(precisionSpecifier <> 0, precisionString, vbNullString) & "}", values(p))
Else
'fallback to {0:E} if previous rule didn't apply:
formattedValue = eNotation
End If
End If
GoTo AlignFormattedValue 'Skip the "ApplyStringFormat" step, it's applied already.
Case "N", "n" 'NUMERIC format, formats string as an integer or decimal number.
'Precision specifier determines number of decimal digits.
'This implementation ignores regional settings'
'(hard-coded group and decimal separators).
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
If LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier > 0 Then
'if a non-zero precision is specified...
thisFormat = "#,##0"
thisFormat = (thisFormat & ".") & String$(precisionSpecifier, Chr$(48))
Else 'only the "D" is specified
thisFormat = "#,##0"
End If
Case "P", "p" 'PERCENT format. Formats string as a percentage.
'Value is multiplied by 100 and displayed with a percent symbol.
'Precision specifier determines number of decimal digits.
thisFormat = "#,##0%"
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
If LenB(formatGroup) > 2 And precisionSpecifier > 0 Then
'if a non-zero precision is specified...
thisFormat = "#,##0"
thisFormat = (thisFormat & ".") & String$(precisionSpecifier, Chr$(48))
Else 'only the "P" is specified
thisFormat = "#,##0"
End If
'Append the percentage sign to the format string:
thisFormat = thisFormat & "%"
Case "R", "r" 'ROUND-TRIP format (a string that can round-trip to an identical number)
'example: ?StringFormat("{0:R}", 0.0000000001141596325677345362656)
' ...returns "0.000000000114159632567735"
'convert value to a Double (chop off overflow digits):
v = CDbl(v)
Case "X", "x" 'HEX format. Formats a string as a Hexadecimal value.
'Precision specifier determines number of total digits.
'Returned string is prefixed with "&H" to specify Hex.
v = Hex(v)
precisionSpecifier = CInt(precisionString)
If LenB(precisionString) > 0 Then 'precision here stands for left padding
v = Right$(String$(precisionSpecifier, "0") & v, IIf(precisionSpecifier = 0, Len(v), precisionSpecifier))
End If
'add C# hex specifier, apply specified casing:
'(VB6 hex specifier would cause Format() to reverse the formatting):
v = "0x" & IIf(formatSpecifier = "X", UCase$(v), LCase$(v))
Case Else
If IsNumeric(formatSpecifier) And val(formatGroup) = 0 Then
formatSpecifier = formatGroup
v = Format(v, formatGroup)
Else
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING
End If
End Select
GoTo ApplyStringFormat
DateTimeFormatSpecifiers:
Select Case formatSpecifier
Case "c", "C" 'CUSTOM date/time format
'let VB Format() parse precision specifier as is:
thisFormat = precisionString
Case "d" 'SHORT DATE format
thisFormat = "ddddd"
Case "D" 'LONG DATE format
thisFormat = "dddddd"
Case "f" 'FULL DATE format (short)
thisFormat = "dddddd h:mm AM/PM"
Case "F" 'FULL DATE format (long)
thisFormat = "dddddd ttttt"
Case "g"
thisFormat = "ddddd hh:mm AM/PM"
Case "G"
thisFormat = "ddddd ttttt"
Case "s" 'SORTABLE DATETIME format
thisFormat = "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss"
Case "t" 'SHORT TIME format
thisFormat = "hh:mm AM/PM"
Case "T" 'LONG TIME format
thisFormat = "ttttt"
Case Else
Err.Raise ERR_FORMAT_EXCEPTION, _
ERR_SOURCE, ERR_MSG_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING
End Select
GoTo ApplyStringFormat
End If
ApplyStringFormat:
'apply computed format string:
formattedValue = Format(v, thisFormat)
AlignFormattedValue:
'apply specified alignment specifier:
If alignmentSpecifier <> vbNullString Then
alignmentPadding = Abs(CInt(alignmentSpecifier))
If CInt(alignmentSpecifier) < 0 Then
'negative: left-justified alignment
If alignmentPadding - Len(formattedValue) > 0 Then _
formattedValue = formattedValue & _
String$(alignmentPadding - Len(formattedValue), PADDING_CHAR)
Else
'positive: right-justified alignment
If alignmentPadding - Len(formattedValue) > 0 Then _
formattedValue = String$(alignmentPadding - Len(formattedValue), PADDING_CHAR) & formattedValue
End If
End If
'Replace C# hex specifier with VB6 hex specifier,
'only if hex specifier was introduced in this function:
If (Not useLiteral And escapeHex) And _
StringContains(formattedValue, "0x") Then _
formattedValue = Replace$(formattedValue, "0x", "&H")
'replace all occurrences of placeholder {i} with their formatted values:
return_value = Replace(return_value, thisString, formattedValue, Count:=1)
'reset before reiterating:
thisFormat = vbNullString
Next
checkEscapes:
'if there's no more backslashes, don't bother checking for the rest:
If useLiteral Or Not StringContains(return_value, "\") Then GoTo normalExit
Dim escape As New EscapeSequence
Dim escapes As New Collection
escapes.Add escape.Create("\n", vbNewLine), "0"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\q", Chr$(34)), "1"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\t", vbTab), "2"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\a", Chr$(7)), "3"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\b", Chr$(8)), "4"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\v", Chr$(13)), "5"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\f", Chr$(14)), "6"
escapes.Add escape.Create("\r", Chr$(15)), "7"
For i = 0 To escapes.Count - 1
Set escape = escapes(CStr(i))
If StringContains(return_value, escape.EscapeString) Then _
return_value = Replace(return_value, escape.EscapeString, escape.ReplacementString)
If Not StringContains(return_value, "\") Then _
GoTo normalExit
Next
'replace "ASCII (oct)" escape sequence
Set regex = New RegExp
regex.Pattern = "\\(\d{3})"
regex.IgnoreCase = True
regex.Global = True
Set matches = regex.Execute(format_string)
Dim char As Long
If matches.Count <> 0 Then
For Each thisMatch In matches
p = thisMatch.SubMatches(0)
'"p" contains the octal number representing the ASCII code we're after:
p = "&O" & p 'prepend octal prefix
char = CLng(p)
return_value = Replace(return_value, thisMatch.Value, Chr$(char))
Next
End If
'if there's no more backslashes, don't bother checking for the rest:
If Not StringContains("\", return_value) Then GoTo normalExit
'replace "ASCII (hex)" escape sequence
Set regex = New RegExp
regex.Pattern = "\\x(\w{2})"
regex.IgnoreCase = True
regex.Global = True
Set matches = regex.Execute(format_string)
If matches.Count <> 0 Then
For Each thisMatch In matches
p = thisMatch.SubMatches(0)
'"p" contains the hex value representing the ASCII code we're after:
p = "&H" & p 'prepend hex prefix
char = CLng(p)
return_value = Replace(return_value, thisMatch.Value, Chr$(char))
Next
End If
normalExit:
Set escapes = Nothing
Set escape = Nothing
If Not useLiteral And StringContains(return_value, Chr$(27)) Then _
return_value = Replace(return_value, Chr$(27), "\")
StringFormat = return_value
End Function
ParamArray
(感谢@wqw):这样可以避免使用多个可选参数(以及在调用语句中命名参数时能够分配value2
而不分配value1
的使用错误)。因为它是一个ParamArray
,每个参数都可能是不同类型的Variant
,VB在幕后进行字符串转换。?StringFormat("(C) Currency: . . . . . . . . {0:C}\n" & _
"(D) Decimal:. . . . . . . . . {0:D}\n" & _
"(E) Scientific: . . . . . . . {1:E}\n" & _
"(F) Fixed point:. . . . . . . {1:F}\n" & _
"(N) Number: . . . . . . . . . {0:N}\n" & _
"(P) Percent:. . . . . . . . . {1:P}\n" & _
"(R) Round-trip: . . . . . . . {1:R}\n" & _
"(X) Hexadecimal:. . . . . . . {0:X}\n",-123, -123.45)
输出:
(C) Currency: . . . . . . . . -123.00$
(D) Decimal:. . . . . . . . . -123
(E) Scientific: . . . . . . . -1.23450E2
(F) Fixed point:. . . . . . . -123
(N) Number: . . . . . . . . . -123
(P) Percent:. . . . . . . . . -12,345%
(R) Round-trip: . . . . . . . -123.45
(X) Hexadecimal:. . . . . . . &HFFFFFF85
同时也可以这样做:
?StringFormat("(c) Custom format: . . . . . .{0:cYYYY-MM-DD (MMMM)}\n" & _
"(d) Short date: . . . . . . . {0:d}\n" & _
"(D) Long date:. . . . . . . . {0:D}\n" & _
"(T) Long time:. . . . . . . . {0:T}\n" & _
"(f) Full date/short time: . . {0:f}\n" & _
"(F) Full date/long time:. . . {0:F}\n" & _
"(s) Sortable: . . . . . . . . {0:s}\n", Now())
输出:
(c) Custom format: . . . . . .2013-01-26 (January)
(d) Short date: . . . . . . . 1/26/2013
(D) Long date:. . . . . . . . Saturday, January 26, 2013
(T) Long time:. . . . . . . . 8:28:11 PM
(f) Full date/short time: . . 1/26/2013 8:28:11 PM
(F) Full date/long time:. . . Saturday, January 26, 2013 8:28:11 PM
(s) Sortable: . . . . . . . . 2013-01-26T20:28:11
也可以指定对齐方式(/填充)并使用转义序列:
?StringFormat ("\q{0}, {1}!\x20\n'{2,10:C2}'\n'{2,-10:C2}'", "hello", "world", 100)
"hello, world!"
' 100.00$'
'100.00$ '
String.Contains()
的简单实现:Public Function StringContains(string_source As String, find_text As String, _
Optional ByVal caseSensitive As Boolean = True) As Boolean
StringContains = StringContainsAny(string_source, caseSensitive, find_text)
End Function
编辑:根据评论中提到的内容,此代码现在可以正确处理“\\”转义。另外,虽然StringContains
确实很实用,并且比InStr()
调用更易于阅读,但下面的StringContainsAny
函数更好:
Public Function StringContainsAny(string_source As String, ByVal caseSensitive As Boolean, _
ParamArray find_values()) As Boolean
Dim i As Integer, found As Boolean
If caseSensitive Then
For i = LBound(find_values) To UBound(find_values)
found = (InStr(1, string_source, _
find_values(i), vbBinaryCompare) <> 0)
If found Then Exit For
Next
Else
For i = LBound(find_values) To UBound(find_values)
StringContainsAny = (InStr(1, LCase$(string_source), _
LCase$(find_values(i)), vbBinaryCompare) <> 0)
If found Then Exit For
Next
End If
StringContainsAny = found
End Function
请考虑以下内容:
foo = Instr(1, source, "value1") > 0 Or Instr(1, source, "value2") > 0 _
Or Instr(1, source, "value3") > 0 Or Instr(1, source, "value4") > 0 _
Or Instr(1, source, "value5") > 0 Or Instr(1, source, "value6") > 0 _
foo
是TRUE
还是FALSE
之前,每个InStr()
调用都会被执行。但是使用StringContainsAny()
,条件满足后就会停止搜索,这使得语句更快。
编辑:上一次编辑几乎抹掉了转义序列;重新引入它们,使用一个小类“EscapeSequence”,公开两个属性和一个工厂方法 - 这样做可以保留for-each循环并处理所有简单的转义符而不重复太多代码。
此代码还使用了一个StringStartsWith
函数,实现如下:
Public Function StringStartsWith(ByVal find_text As String, ByVal string_source As String, Optional ByVal caseSensitive As Boolean = True) As Boolean
If caseSensitive Then
StringStartsWith = (Left$(string_source, LenB(find_text) / 2) = find_text)
Else
StringStartsWith = (Left$(LCase(string_source), LenB(find_text) / 2) = LCase$(find_text))
End If
End Function
StringFormat(format_string As String, ParamArray values() As String)
代替那些可选参数。 - wqwStringFormat(ByVal format_string As String, ParamArray values()) As String
,因为 ParamArray
必须被声明为一个 Variant
类型的数组才能编译 (未指定声明类型意味着 Variant
)。但完全同意你的观点,ParamArray 对于这种用途来说有点神奇,老实说这是我第一次成功使用它。我会编辑我的答案,避免使用多个可选参数的“重载”目标。这也是避免使用可选参数的好例子。 - Mathieu Guindon\t
(水平制表符)、\q
(双引号)、\a
(响铃)、\b
(退格)、\v
(垂直制表符)、\f
(换页)和\r
(回车),以及\000
八进制 ASCII 插入和\xhh
十六进制 ASCII 插入。 - Mathieu Guindon