在ggplot中添加文本到坐标轴标签

Question

我已经从以下表格中绘制了一张图表。

        BoatPhs      fit        se    lower    upper
1         Before 3.685875 0.3287521 3.038621 4.333130
2   After0-20NTA 3.317189 0.6254079 2.085872 4.548506
3   After0-20TAA 5.579384 0.5696270 4.457890 6.700878
4   After0-20TAP 3.932360 0.4304098 3.084960 4.779760
5  After20-40NTA 4.522714 0.7771793 2.992586 6.052842
6  After20-40TAA 4.505207 0.5500699 3.422217 5.588196
7  After20-40TAP 3.602183 0.3880538 2.838174 4.366192
8    ApproachNTA 4.039599 0.5688482 2.919638 5.159560
9    ApproachTAA 4.421112 0.5176408 3.401969 5.440255
10   ApproachTAP 4.497809 0.3978328 3.714547 5.281071

船阶段是x轴，适配程度是绘制在y轴上的。目前我将轴标记命名为Before、ApproachNTA、ApproachTAA、ApproachTAP、After0-20NTA等等。最开始我将这些标签旋转了90度以便更好地查看，但不喜欢那种外观。现在我已经重命名了标签（使用下面的代码），所以现在显示在轴标记上的是x轴上的"Before NTA TAA TAP NTA TAA TAP NTA TAA TAP"。

我希望添加一些文本来分组这些标签。例如，在第一组NTA TAA TAP下方加上“Approach”，在第二组After0-20下方加上“After0-20”，在第三组After20-40下方加上“After20-40”，但我不知道如何在图外进行操作。尝试了注释函数，但它只允许在绘图区域内添加文本。非常感谢您的帮助。

干杯

# Speed plot
Spdplot <- ggplot(y, aes(x=BoatPhs, y=fit, colour=BP, ymax=max(fit)*1.05)) + 
  geom_point(position = position_dodge(width = 0.5, height = 0), size = 4) + 
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=fit-se, ymax=fit+se), position = position_dodge(width = 0.5, height = 0), width = 0.5, size = 0.75) +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))


  #run Spdplot
Spdplot




#sets x values in results order + relables x + y axes
Spdplot + scale_x_discrete(limits=c("Before","ApproachNTA","ApproachTAA","ApproachTAP","After0-20NTA","After0-20TAA","After0-20TAP", "After20-40NTA","After20-40TAA","After20-40TAP"),
                           labels=c("Before" = "Before" ,"ApproachNTA"  ="NTA","ApproachTAA" = "TAA","ApproachTAP" = "TAP",
                                    "After0-20NTA" = "NTA","After0-20TAA" = "TAA","After0-20TAP" = "TAP",
                                    "After20-40NTA" = "NTA","After20-40TAA" = "TAA","After20-40TAP" = "TAP")) + 
  xlab("Boat phase") + ylab("Group travel speed (km/hr)") + 
  annotate("text", x=6, y=6.2, label="***", size = 6) +
  annotate("text", x=4, y=4.95, label="*", size = 6) + 
  theme(axis.title.x = element_text(face="bold", size = 16, vjust= -0.5), axis.title.y = element_text(face="bold", size = 16, vjust= 1), 
        axis.text.x = element_text(size=14, face="bold"), axis.text.y = element_text(face="bold", size=14), legend.text=element_text(size=14)) +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank()) + 
  scale_colour_manual(values=c("#3399FF","#FF0000","#33CC33","#000000"), 
                      breaks=c("Before", "Approach", "After0-20", "After20-40"),
                      labels=c("Before", "Approach", "After0-20", "After20-40"))

- mikejwilliamson

---

这是什么类型的图表？请展示你的代码和图片。你能否尝试翻转坐标轴而不是旋转标签？或许这个问题/答案会有所帮助？ - rawr

无法添加图表。堆栈溢出不允许我添加图片，因此我已经附上了我的代码。干杯 - mikejwilliamson

什么是BP？你现在有超过10个点了，尝试再次添加它。如果你仍然无法添加，你可以将其上传到imgur，我们可以为你编辑图片。 - rawr

也许这篇文章会有所帮助。https://dev59.com/P2Ij5IYBdhLWcg3wn2Zn - jentjr

Answer 1

很多关于“annotate”和“scale_x_discrete”手动标记的烦恼可以避免，只需将所需数据提供给ggplot。这里我重新创建了你的数据集，并添加了绘图所需的基本信息。

# Recreate your data
y <- read.table(textConnection('BoatPhs      fit        se    lower    upper
1         Before 3.685875 0.3287521 3.038621 4.333130
2   After0-20NTA 3.317189 0.6254079 2.085872 4.548506
3   After0-20TAA 5.579384 0.5696270 4.457890 6.700878
4   After0-20TAP 3.932360 0.4304098 3.084960 4.779760
5  After20-40NTA 4.522714 0.7771793 2.992586 6.052842
6  After20-40TAA 4.505207 0.5500699 3.422217 5.588196
7  After20-40TAP 3.602183 0.3880538 2.838174 4.366192
8    ApproachNTA 4.039599 0.5688482 2.919638 5.159560
9    ApproachTAA 4.421112 0.5176408 3.401969 5.440255
10   ApproachTAP 4.497809 0.3978328 3.714547 5.281071'))

# Separate the boat phase from the time period     
y$boat.phase <- gsub('.*(NTA|TAA|TAP)','\\1',y$BoatPhs)
y$period <- gsub('(.*)(NTA|TAA|TAP)','\\1',y$BoatPhs)

# Give the time period an ordering.
y$period <- factor(y$period, 
                   levels = c("Before", "Approach", "After0-20", "After20-40"), 
                   ordered=TRUE)

# Add the stars manually, but these could be calculated programatically.
y$stars <- c('', '', '***', '', '', '', '', '', '', '*')

现在，当你使用ggplot时，你可以将星号作为美学传递，而无需手动标记任何内容。要“分组”您的x轴标签，您可以使用facets:

ggplot(y, aes(x=boat.phase, y=fit, ymax=fit+se, ymin=fit-se)) + 
  geom_point() + geom_errorbar(width = 0.5, size = 0.75) + 
  geom_text(aes(y=fit+se+0.1, label=stars), size=6) +
  facet_grid( ~ period, scales="free_x", space="free_x") +
  xlab("Boat phase") + ylab("Group travel speed (km/hr)") + 
  theme_bw()

在这里着色是多余的，但如果您喜欢，可以添加。下一个例子中我还会添加您的自定义主题。

ggplot(y, aes(x=boat.phase, y=fit, ymax=fit+se, ymin=fit-se, colour=period)) + 
  geom_point() + geom_errorbar(width = 0.5, size = 0.75) + 
  geom_text(aes(y=fit+se+0.1, label=stars), size=6) +
  facet_grid( ~ period, scales="free_x", space="free_x") +
  xlab("Boat phase") + ylab("Group travel speed (km/hr)") + 
  scale_colour_manual(values=c("#000000", "#33CC33", "#3399FF","#FF0000")) +
  theme(axis.title = element_text(face="bold", size = 16),
        axis.title.x = element_text(vjust= -0.5), 
        axis.title.y = element_text(vjust= 1), 
        axis.text = element_text(size=14, face="bold"),
        panel.grid = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank(), 
        axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))  

- nograpes

---

太棒了，非常感谢。你说得对，现在不需要颜色了。再次感谢。 - mikejwilliamson

如果您喜欢这个答案，您可以在问题左侧勾选大复选框。 - nograpes

看起来我的老板会很喜欢底部阶段下面的标签。这可能吗？ - mikejwilliamson

我不知道，但是看一下这个问题。 - nograpes