Rails Rspec错误 - undefined method `visit'。

Question

我刚开始接触TDD，现在我的测试出现了一些Rspec错误。在运行后，我的某些测试中会出现undefined method 'visit'的错误。希望能得到帮助，让这些测试通过。谢谢。

Failures:

1) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for # <RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_1:0x007ffda8049540>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

2) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_1:0x007ffda4f3ac38>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

3) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_2:0x007ffda8262e58>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

4) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path }
 NoMethodError:
   undefined method `visit' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_2::Nested_2:0x007ffda82663c8>
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 9.08 seconds
24 examples, 4 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:11 # User pages profile page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12 # User pages profile page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:18 # User pages signup page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:19 # User pages signup page 

My spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper'

describe "User pages" do

  subject { page }

  describe "profile page" do
    let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } # Code to make a user variable
    before { visit user_path(user) }

    it { should have_selector('h1',    text: user.name) }
    it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) }
  end

  describe "signup page" do
    before { visit signup_path }

    it { should have_selector('h1',    text: 'Sign up') }
    it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign up') }
  end
end

我的spec/models/user_spec.rb文件

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do

before do
  @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "[e-mail]",
                  password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
end

subject { @user }

it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }

it { should be_valid }

describe "when name is not present" do
  before { @user.name = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when email is not present" do
  before { @user.email = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when name is too long" do
  before { @user.name = "a" * 51 }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when email format is invalid" do
  it "should be invalid" do
    addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
                   foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
    addresses.each do |invalid_address|
      @user.email = invalid_address
      @user.should_not be_valid
    end      
  end
end

describe "when email format is valid" do
  it "should be valid" do
    addresses = %w[[e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail]]
    addresses.each do |valid_address|
      @user.email = valid_address
      @user.should be_valid
    end      
  end
end

describe "when email address is already taken" do
  before do
    user_with_same_email = @user.dup
    user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
    user_with_same_email.save
  end
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when password is not present" do
  before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "with a password that's too short" do
  before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
  it { should be_invalid }
end

describe "return value of authenticate method" do
  before { @user.save }
  let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) }

  describe "with valid password" do
    it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
  end

  describe "with invalid password" do
    let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }

    it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password }
    specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false }
  end
end 

describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
  before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

describe "when password confirmation is nil" do
  before { @user.password_confirmation = nil }
  it { should_not be_valid }
end

end

最后是我的 views/users/new.html.erb 文件。

<% provide(:title, 'Sign up') %>
<h1>Sign up</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/users/new.html.erb</p>

and views/users/show.html.erb

<% provide(:title, @user.name) %>
<h1><%= @user.name %></h1>

& 我已添加了我的 UsersController

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  def new
  end

  def show
   @user = User.find(params[:id])
  end
end

根据Billy的解决方案修复后，现在出现了这个新错误。

Failures:

1) User pages signup page 
 Failure/Error: it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign up') }
 Capybara::ExpectationNotMet:
   expected to find css "title" with text "Sign up" but there were no matches. Also found "", which matched the selector but not all filters.
 # ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:19:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

2) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) }
 Capybara::ExpectationNotMet:
   expected to find css "title" with text "Michael Hartl" but there were no matches. Also found "", which matched the selector but not all filters.
 # ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:12:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'

Finished in 9.41 seconds
24 examples, 2 failures

Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:19 # User pages signup page 
rspec ./spec/features/user_pages_spec.rb:12 # User pages profile page 

- BB500

Answer 1

问题出在这里：

./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb

您将Capybara集成测试放在requests文件夹中。这就是为什么visit方法无法工作的原因。

要修复它，只需将所有测试从spec/requests移动到spec/features即可。

- Billy Chan

---

@BB500，你需要手动创建那个文件夹。你甚至可以在其中创建子文件夹，比如 spec/features/models。 - Billy Chan

@BB500，请注意 /features 文件夹仅用于使用 Capybara 的集成测试。对于其他功能测试，如模型、控制器、助手等，您不需要移动它们，也不需要使用 visit 等 Capybara DSL。 - Billy Chan

谢谢，我把那个测试文件移到了一个新的功能文件夹中，测试通过了。（当然现在我又有了一些新的测试...也许你也能发现这里发生了什么？）我已经编辑了帖子。 - BB500

@BB500，很好你解决了。然后欢迎来到TDD的世界。接下来你展示的错误将是TDD中与你一起成长的好朋友，通过修复它们，你可以构建功能。如果没有“标题”，提供标题，然后如果需要任何东西，直到测试通过！ - Billy Chan

Answer 2

这是因为您试图使用Capybara::DSL中的visit方法。如果您查看文档:

Capybara在2.0.0版本之后不再支持请求规格，建议使用功能规格来使用Capybara。

要解决此问题，您应将测试移动到spec/features文件夹中，或者在请求规格中包含Capybara::DSL：

#spec_helper.rb
RSpec.configure do |config|
  #...
  config.include Capybara::DSL, :type => :request

- ole

---

谢谢你的帮助，我很感激。看来我没有足够的声望来“点赞”一个答案。 - BB500

在 Rspec 帮助文件中包含了 Capybara，而不是添加一个新的文件夹。成功了！+1 - user2537701