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使用Spock和Maven在单个测试类中运行特定的测试

maventestinggroovyspockmaven-surefire-plugin
13

我正在使用测试框架Spock（1.0-groovy-2.4版本）。Junit提供了选项，可以使用命令行（通过Maven）运行特定的测试：

mvn -Dtest=TestCircle#mytest test
问题: 如何在Spock中实现这个功能？
这个版本依赖于Junit 4.12，据Junit文档说明，该功能仅支持Junit 4.x，基本上Spock应该提供类似的功能。
3个回答
14
我使用： 

Windows: mvn -Dtest="TestCircle#my test" test 
*Nix: mvn "-Dtest=TestCircle#my test" test

它与surefire 2.19.1和junit 4.8.1完美配合。 以下是代码示例和执行输出：

  import spock.lang.Specification

class HelloSpec extends Specification {
    def sayHello() {
        given: "A person's name is given as a method parameter."
        def greeting =  "Hello Petri";


        expect: "Should say hello to the person whose name is given as a method parameter"
        greeting == "Hello Petri";

        println "hello from HelloSpec"
    }

    def sayHi() {
        expect:
        1==1

        println "sayHi from HelloSpec"

    }

    def "say hi to spock" () {
        expect:
        true
        println "say hi to spock from HelloSpec"

    }
}

# mvn test "-Dtest=HelloSpec#say hi to spock"

[INFO] Scanning for projects...                                                                                  
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                                  
[INFO] Building  Auto Test 1                                                                              
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                                  
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ auto-test ---                      
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.                                                        
[INFO] Copying 5 resources                                                                                       
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ auto-test ---                         
[INFO] No sources to compile                                                                                     
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ auto-test ---              
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.                                                        
[INFO] Copying 122 resources                                                                                     
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ auto-test ---                 
[INFO] No sources to compile                                                                                     
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- gmaven-plugin:1.4:testCompile (compile-test) @ auto-test ---                                  
[INFO] Compiled 42 Groovy classes                                                                                
[INFO]                                                                                                           
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) @ auto-test ---                              

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S                                             
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloSpec                                      
say hi to spock from HelloSpec                         
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.558 sec - in HelloSpec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS                                                           
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 17.169s                                                     
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 01 14:19:20 CST 2016                               
[INFO] Final Memory: 31M/736M                                                  
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# mvn test "-Dtest=HelloSpec#sayHi"

[INFO] Scanning for projects...                                                                        
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                        
[INFO] Building  Auto Test 1                                                                    
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                        
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ auto-test ---            
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.                                              
[INFO] Copying 5 resources                                                                             
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ auto-test ---               
[INFO] No sources to compile                                                                           
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ auto-test ---    
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.                                              
[INFO] Copying 122 resources                                                                           
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ auto-test ---       
[INFO] No sources to compile                                                                           
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- gmaven-plugin:1.4:testCompile (compile-test) @ auto-test ---                        
[INFO] Compiled 42 Groovy classes                                                                      
[INFO]                                                                                                 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) @ auto-test ---                    

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S                                             
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloSpec                                      
sayHi from HelloSpec                                   
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.539 sec - in HelloSpec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS                                                           
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 12.187s                                                     
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 01 14:19:49 CST 2016                               
[INFO] Final Memory: 31M/736M                                                  
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# mvn test "-Dtest=HelloSpec#sayHello"

[INFO] Scanning for projects...                                                                           
[INFO]                                                                                                    
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------                           
[INFO] Building Auto Test 1                                                                       
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ auto-test ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 5 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ auto-test ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ auto-test ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 122 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ auto-test ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- gmaven-plugin:1.4:testCompile (compile-test) @ auto-test ---
[INFO] Compiled 42 Groovy classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) @ auto-test ---

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloSpec
hello from HelloSpec
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.515 sec - in HelloSpec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 11.170s
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 01 14:20:14 CST 2016
[INFO] Final Memory: 31M/736M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

希望这能帮到你。
1
很好。这似乎证明了另一个回答错误地声称这是不可能的。 - MarkHu
1
我的测试使用了maven-surefire-plugin的版本2.18.1，更新的版本2.19和2.19.1显然修复了一些关于-Dtest属性的问题，这可能解释了为什么在2.19.1上它可以工作。 - A_Di-Matteo
是的，它可以在2.19.1上运行。 我更喜欢这种方式：mvn test -Dtest="TestCircle#my test" - Boris Lopez
10
经过进一步调查，答案很可能是：不行，你不能使用Surefire插件功能来调用特定的Spock测试方法。以下是原因。
假设有以下Spock测试用例：
import spock.lang.Specification

class HelloSpec extends Specification {

    def hello = new Main();

    def sayHello() {
        given: "A person's name is given as a method parameter."
        def greeting = hello.sayHello("Petri");

        expect: "Should say hello to the person whose name is given as a method parameter"
        greeting == "Hello Petri";

        println "hello from HelloSpec"
    }
}

假设有以下插件配置：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.gmavenplus</groupId>
    <artifactId>gmavenplus-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.5</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>addTestSources</goal>
                <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <sources>
            <fileset>
                <directory>${pom.basedir}/src/test/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.groovy</include>
                </includes>
            </fileset>
        </sources>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.18.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
            <include>**/*Spec.java</include>
        </includes>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

它作为Maven的一部分很好地运行，可以通过执行mvn clean test命令在test阶段中运行:

-------------------------------------------------------   
 T E S T S   
-------------------------------------------------------   
Running com.sample.HelloSpec  
hello from HelloSpec   
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.314 sec - in com.sample.HelloSpec

即使执行mvn clean test -Dtest=HelloSpec，您也会得到与上面完全相同的结果，成功执行。

那么，为什么我们不能运行单个方法？

如果我们在上面的HelloSpec示例测试中执行javap命令，我们将获得以下输出：

Compiled from "HelloSpec.groovy"
public class com.sample.HelloSpec extends spock.lang.Specification implements groovy.lang.GroovyObject {
  public static transient boolean __$stMC;
  public com.sample.HelloSpec();
  public void $spock_feature_0_0();
  protected groovy.lang.MetaClass $getStaticMetaClass();
  public groovy.lang.MetaClass getMetaClass();
  public void setMetaClass(groovy.lang.MetaClass);
  public java.lang.Object invokeMethod(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object);
  public java.lang.Object getProperty(java.lang.String);
  public void setProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object);
  public java.lang.Object getHello();
  public void setHello(java.lang.Object);
}

在生成的字节码中，没有sayHello方法，因为Spock更改了方法名称以允许其中包含空格。 因此，您编写的方法名称实际上从未成为编译类的真实方法名称。
在这种情况下，方法名称很可能是$spock_feature_0_0，而不是真正友好的名称。
这也在这个答案和Peter Niederwieser（实际上是Spock的作者）的评论中得到了确认，因此是一个非常可靠的来源。
您可以尝试运行以下内容：
mvn clean test -Dtest=HelloSpec#*spock*

实际上，这个应该与真实的方法名称相匹配，但是您可能会遇到错误。

-------------------------------------------------------   
 T E S T S   
-------------------------------------------------------   
Running com.sample.HelloSpec   
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.007 sec <<< FAILURE! - in com.sample.HelloSpec  
initializationError(org.junit.runner.manipulation.Filter)  Time elapsed: 0.006 sec  <<< ERROR!  
java.lang.Exception: No tests found matching Method $spock_feature_0_0(com.sample.HelloSpec) from org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest@282ba1e  
    at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:35)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:275)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeWithRerun(JUnit4Provider.java:173)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:149)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:128)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:203)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:155)  
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:103)  

Results :  

Tests in error:   
  Filter.initializationError »  No tests found matching Method $spock_feature_0_...   

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0

这很可能是因为我们直接调用名称，绕过了JUnit和Spock之间的粘合剂，因此执行失败。
不错的证明。在这里，Spock为它支持的良好命名约定付出了昂贵的代价。 - Rafik EL YAAGOUBI
1
@Bill Chen有一个解决方案！ - rafaelim
1
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