如何在Python请求中将字典作为查询参数添加到URL？

Question

实际上我在调用第三方API时，要求添加json字典。请参考以下URL示例。

https://pguat.paytm.com/oltp/HANDLER_INTERNAL/getTxnStatus?JsonData={"MID":"MID117185435","ORDERID":"ORDR4o22310421111", "CHECKSUMHASH": "NU9wPEWxmbOTFL2%2FUKr3lk6fScfnLy8wORc3YRylsyEsr2MLRPn%2F3DRePtFEK55ZcfdTj7mY9vS2qh%2Bsm7oTRx%2Fx4BDlvZBj%2F8Sxw6s%2F9io%3D"}

查询参数名为 "JsonData"，数据应该在{}括号中。

import requests
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode, quote_plus
import urllib.request
import urllib

data = '{"MID":"MID117185435","ORDERID":"ORDR4o22310421111","CHECKSUMHASH":"omcrIRuqDP0v%2Fa2DXTlVI4XtzvmuIW56jlXtGEp3S%2B2b1h9nU9cfJx5ZO2Hp%2FAN%2F%2FyF%2F01DxmoV1VHJk%2B0ZKHrYxqvDMJa9IOcldrfZY1VI%3D"}'

jsonData = data

uri = 'https://pguat.paytm.com/oltp/HANDLER_INTERNAL/getTxnStatus?jsonData='+str(quote_plus(data)) 

r = requests.get(uri)
print(r.url)
print(r.json)
print(r.json())

控制台输出：print(r.url)

https://pguat.paytm.com/oltp/HANDLER_INTERNAL/getTxnStatus?jsonData=%7B%22MID%22%3A%22MEDTPA37902117185435%22%2C%22ORDERID%22%3A%22medipta1521537969o72718962111%22%2C%22CHECKSUMHASH%22%3A%22omcrIRuqDP0v/a2DXTlVI4XtzvmuIW56jlXtGEp3S+2b1h9nU9cfJx5ZO2Hp/AN//yF/01DxmoV1VHJk+0ZKHrYxqvDMJa9IOcldrfZY1VI=%22%7D

它将{}转换为%7B，我想要{}保持原样...

请帮忙...

- Lalit Patil

Answer 1

您需要通过导入和使用unquote_plus来撤销quote_plus。

我没有针对您的url进行测试，只是针对您的字符串进行了测试。

当我打印您的uri字符串时，我的输出如下：

https://pguat.paytm.com/oltp/HANDLER_INTERNAL/getTxnStatus?jsonData=%7B%22MID%22%3A%22MID117185435%22%2C%22ORDERID%22%3A%22ORDR4o22310421111%22%2C%22CHECKSUMHASH%22%3A%22omcrIRuqDP0v%252Fa2DXTlVI4XtzvmuIW56jlXtGEp3S%252B2b1h9nU9cfJx5ZO2Hp%252FAN%252F%252FyF%252F01DxmoV1VHJk%252B0ZKHrYxqvDMJa9IOcldrfZY1VI%253D%22%7D

如果我这样包围它：

print(str(unquote_plus(uri)))

我得到这个作为输出：

https://pguat.paytm.com/oltp/HANDLER_INTERNAL/getTxnStatus?jsonData={"MID":"MID117185435","ORDERID":"ORDR4o22310421111","CHECKSUMHASH":"omcrIRuqDP0v%2Fa2DXTlVI4XtzvmuIW56jlXtGEp3S%2B2b1h9nU9cfJx5ZO2Hp%2FAN%2F%2FyF%2F01DxmoV1VHJk%2B0ZKHrYxqvDMJa9IOcldrfZY1VI%3D"}

- Superspork