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如何测试Spring Data存储库？

unit-testingjpaspring-data-jpaspring-data
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我想创建一个使用Spring Data帮助的存储库（例如，UserRepository）。我对spring-data是新手（但不是对spring），我使用这个教程。我选择用JPA 2.1和Hibernate处理数据库技术。问题在于，我不知道如何为这样的存储库编写单元测试。
以create()方法为例。因为我是先编写测试再编写代码，所以我应该为它编写一个单元测试-这就是我遇到的三个问题:
首先，我应该如何将EntityManager的模拟注入到UserRepository接口的不存在的实现中？Spring Data会根据这个接口生成一个实现：
public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {}

然而，我不知道如何强制它使用EntityManager模拟和其他模拟 - 如果是我自己编写实现，我可能会为EntityManager编写一个setter方法，使我可以在单元测试中使用我的模拟。 （至于实际的数据库连接，我有一个JpaConfiguration类，带有@Configuration和@EnableJpaRepositories注释，以编程方式为DataSource、EntityManagerFactory、EntityManager等定义bean——但是库应该是易于测试的，并允许覆盖这些内容）。

第二个问题，我是否应该测试交互？我很难弄清楚应该调用EntityManager和Query的哪些方法（类似于verify（entityManager）。createNamedQuery（anyString（））。getResultList（）;），因为不是我编写实现。

第三个问题，我是否应该对Spring-Data生成的方法进行单元测试？据我所知，第三方库代码不应该进行单元测试——只有开发人员自己编写的代码应该进行单元测试。但即使如此，它仍然将第一个问题带回到现场：比如说，我有一些自定义方法用于我的存储库，我将为其编写实现，如何将我的EntityManager和Query模拟注入到最终生成的存储库中？

注意：我将使用集成测试和单元测试两种方法来测试我的存储库。对于我的集成测试，我使用HSQL内存数据库，并且显然不会在单元测试中使用数据库。

也许第四个问题是，是否在集成测试中测试正确的对象图创建和对象图检索（例如，我使用Hibernate定义了复杂的对象图）？

更新：今天我继续尝试模拟注入 - 我创建了一个静态内部类以允许模拟注入。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
public class UserRepositoryTest {

@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.anything.repository")
static class TestConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() {
        return mock(EntityManagerFactory.class);
    }

    @Bean
    public EntityManager entityManager() {
        EntityManager entityManagerMock = mock(EntityManager.class);
        //when(entityManagerMock.getMetamodel()).thenReturn(mock(Metamodel.class));
        when(entityManagerMock.getMetamodel()).thenReturn(mock(MetamodelImpl.class));
        return entityManagerMock;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return mock(JpaTransactionManager.class);
    }

}

@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;

@Autowired
private EntityManager entityManager;

@Test
public void shouldSaveUser() {
    User user = new UserBuilder().build();
    userRepository.save(user);
    verify(entityManager.createNamedQuery(anyString()).executeUpdate());
}

}

然而，运行此测试会给我以下堆栈跟踪：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:319)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:77)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:195)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:63)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userRepository': Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'entityManager' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JPA Metamodel must not be null!
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1493)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:684)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:121)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:250)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
    ... 28 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'entityManager' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JPA Metamodel must not be null!
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:108)
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:62)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1489)
    ... 44 more
11个回答
1
springboot 2.4.5


import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.ParameterMode;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.StoredProcedureQuery;

@Repository
public class MyRepositoryImpl implements MyRepository {
    @Autowired
    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "MY_JPA_UNIT")
    private EntityManager entityManager;
    
    
    @Transactional("MY_TRANSACTION_MANAGER")
    @Override
    public MyEntity getSomething(Long id) {
    
        StoredProcedureQuery query = entityManager.createStoredProcedureQuery(
                "MyStoredProcedure", MyEntity.class);
        query.registerStoredProcedureParameter("id", Long.class, ParameterMode.IN);
        query.setParameter("id", id);

        query.execute();
        
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        MyEntity myEntity = (MyEntity) query.getResultList().stream().findFirst().orElse(null);
        return myEntity;
    }
}

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.StoredProcedureQuery;
import java.util.List;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.Silent.class)
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
public class MyRepositoryTest {

    @InjectMocks
    MyRepositoryImpl myRepository;

    @Mock
    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @Mock
    private StoredProcedureQuery storedProcedureQuery;
    
    @BeforeAll
    public void init() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        Mockito.when(entityManager.createStoredProcedureQuery(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any(Class.class)))
                .thenReturn(storedProcedureQuery);
    }

    @AfterAll
    public void tearDown() {
        // something
    }
    
    @Test
    void testMethod() throws Exception {
        Mockito.when(storedProcedureQuery.getResultList()).thenReturn(List.of(myEntityMock));

        MyEntity resultMyEntityList = myRepository.getSomething(1l);

        assertThat(resultMyEntityList,
                allOf(hasProperty("id", org.hamcrest.Matchers.is("1"))
                . . .
        );
    }
}
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