以create()方法为例。因为我是先编写测试再编写代码,所以我应该为它编写一个单元测试-这就是我遇到的三个问题:
首先,我应该如何将EntityManager的模拟注入到UserRepository接口的不存在的实现中?Spring Data会根据这个接口生成一个实现:
public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {}
然而,我不知道如何强制它使用EntityManager
模拟和其他模拟 - 如果是我自己编写实现,我可能会为EntityManager
编写一个setter方法,使我可以在单元测试中使用我的模拟。 (至于实际的数据库连接,我有一个JpaConfiguration
类,带有@Configuration
和@EnableJpaRepositories
注释,以编程方式为DataSource
、EntityManagerFactory
、EntityManager
等定义bean——但是库应该是易于测试的,并允许覆盖这些内容)。
第二个问题,我是否应该测试交互?我很难弄清楚应该调用EntityManager
和Query
的哪些方法(类似于verify(entityManager)。createNamedQuery(anyString())。getResultList();
),因为不是我编写实现。
第三个问题,我是否应该对Spring-Data生成的方法进行单元测试?据我所知,第三方库代码不应该进行单元测试——只有开发人员自己编写的代码应该进行单元测试。但即使如此,它仍然将第一个问题带回到现场:比如说,我有一些自定义方法用于我的存储库,我将为其编写实现,如何将我的EntityManager
和Query
模拟注入到最终生成的存储库中?
注意:我将使用集成测试和单元测试两种方法来测试我的存储库。对于我的集成测试,我使用HSQL内存数据库,并且显然不会在单元测试中使用数据库。
也许第四个问题是,是否在集成测试中测试正确的对象图创建和对象图检索(例如,我使用Hibernate定义了复杂的对象图)?
更新:今天我继续尝试模拟注入 - 我创建了一个静态内部类以允许模拟注入。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
public class UserRepositoryTest {
@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.anything.repository")
static class TestConfiguration {
@Bean
public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() {
return mock(EntityManagerFactory.class);
}
@Bean
public EntityManager entityManager() {
EntityManager entityManagerMock = mock(EntityManager.class);
//when(entityManagerMock.getMetamodel()).thenReturn(mock(Metamodel.class));
when(entityManagerMock.getMetamodel()).thenReturn(mock(MetamodelImpl.class));
return entityManagerMock;
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
return mock(JpaTransactionManager.class);
}
}
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Autowired
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Test
public void shouldSaveUser() {
User user = new UserBuilder().build();
userRepository.save(user);
verify(entityManager.createNamedQuery(anyString()).executeUpdate());
}
}
然而,运行此测试会给我以下堆栈跟踪:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:319)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:77)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:195)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:63)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userRepository': Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'entityManager' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JPA Metamodel must not be null!
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1493)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1197)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:684)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:121)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:250)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
... 28 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'entityManager' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: JPA Metamodel must not be null!
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:108)
at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:62)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1489)
... 44 more
pom.xml
中更改依赖即可。 - Oliver Drotbohm