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R+ggplot+pdf设备+LaTeX：是否可以仅嵌入一次字体？

rpdfggplot2latexsweave
8
我有一个r脚本，按以下方式生成一个PDF文件...
  1. 使用baseplot和ggplot制作了100多个图形。这些图形是使用pdf设备生成的。我使用pdf的原因是我需要嵌入字体（以在tex标签中使用自定义字体）。
  2. 图形生成后，我调用Sweave生成.tex文件，将所有图形汇集在一起。
  3. 然后我调用MikTeX生成PDF。
事实证明，生成图形所需的时间的75-95％被embed_fonts调用所占用。是否有一种方法可以减少embed_fonts（似乎是ghostscript的包装器）的调用次数？理想情况下是只调用一次。这可能吗？
1
我在创建4k页面PDF文件时遇到了类似的问题。它的大小约为120MB。最终我使用Acrobat Professional来“清理”PDF文件。基本上是删除所有嵌入的字体，然后我可以保存它，大小约为20MB。除了手动执行此步骤外，我找不到更好的解决方案。 - drmariod
“把所有的图形都放在一起”是什么意思？如果你的意思是把所有的图形合并到一个pdf中，你可能需要看一下pdftk，然后使用类似于pdftk *.pdf cat output mergedfile.pdf这样的命令。我猜你可以在合并后的pdf上应用“嵌入字体”的操作。 - DJack
@DJack 我的意思是一个很大的 tex 文件，其中包含许多 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{pdfs/graph_made_with_R_12345.pdf}。 - Eugeny89
3个回答
3
也许您可以使用cairo_pdf设备，该设备应该会嵌入字体。
cairo_pdf比pdf + embedFonts快，但比pdf慢。

当然，在最终的PDF文档中仅嵌入字体会是更好的解决方案...
library(microbenchmark)

res_pdf <- microbenchmark({
    f = tempfile(fileext = '.pdf')
    pdf(f); pairs(iris); dev.off()
})

res_embed <- microbenchmark({
    f = tempfile(fileext = '.pdf')
    pdf(f); pairs(iris); dev.off()
    embedFonts(f)
})

res_cairo <- microbenchmark({
    f = tempfile(fileext = '.pdf')
    cairo_pdf(f); pairs(iris); dev.off()
})

res_pdf
#> Unit: milliseconds
#>       min      lq     mean   median       uq     max neval
#>  16.67764 17.0388 18.05949 17.32904 18.18776 60.2542   100

res_embed
#> Unit: milliseconds
#>                                                                                               
#>      min       lq     mean   median       uq      max neval
#>  250.046 252.7647 257.4749 255.2785 259.4858 303.0072   100

res_cairo
#> Unit: milliseconds
#>                                                                                   
#>       min       lq     mean   median      uq      max neval
#>  84.25745 86.60512 88.42902 88.36698 89.5705 111.5881   100
1

我已经尝试在第三步生成的PDF中使用embed_fonts，而不是在第一步生成的每个图形上调用它，这似乎是可以的。

1

另一个解决方案是使用优秀的tikzDevice包将图形输出为TikZ格式。

从文档中，我们可以包含一个设备设置为tikz的代码块。

example.Rmd

---
output:
  pdf_document:
    latex_engine: xelatex
header-includes:
  - \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
  - \usepackage{tikz}
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(tikzDevice)

# setting the package options so that the font metrics are calculated correctly
options(
  tikzLatexPackages = c(
    getOption("tikzLatexPackages"),
    "\\renewcommand{\\familydefault}{\\sfdefault}"
  )
)
```

# My plot

This text will be set in the default *sans serif* and so will the text found
within the chart below.

```{r, echo=FALSE, dev='tikz'}
pairs(iris)
```

你可以用任何LaTeX命令替换我的\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}以设置所选字体，例如\usepackage{charter}。请注意，必须像上面的示例中一样转义\。

example.pdf

enter image description here

备选方案

如果你有许多图表需要生成，你可能希望提前使用另一个脚本生成所有的图表，而不是在文档生成时内联地进行编织。我会为大量报告（1000+）每个报告都包含约20个图表这样做。

# a more simple example due to output size
library(tikzDevice)
mpg <- mtcars$mpg

tikz(file = "example.tex"); hist(mpg); dev.off()

example.tex

% Created by tikzDevice version 0.10.1.2 on 2018-02-21 23:32:57
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt,y=1pt]
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,0) rectangle (216.81,216.81);
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] (  0.00,  0.00) rectangle (216.81,216.81);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.20] at (120.41,188.07) {\bfseries Histogram of mpg};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at (120.41, 15.60) {mpg};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 10.80,114.41) {Frequency};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] (  0.00,  0.00) rectangle (216.81,216.81);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 54.47, 61.20) -- (186.34, 61.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 54.47, 61.20) -- ( 54.47, 55.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 80.85, 61.20) -- ( 80.85, 55.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (107.22, 61.20) -- (107.22, 55.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (133.59, 61.20) -- (133.59, 55.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (159.96, 61.20) -- (159.96, 55.20);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (186.34, 61.20) -- (186.34, 55.20);

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 54.47, 39.60) {10};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 80.85, 39.60) {15};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at (107.22, 39.60) {20};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at (133.59, 39.60) {25};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at (159.96, 39.60) {30};

\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at (186.34, 39.60) {35};

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 65.14) -- ( 49.20,163.67);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 65.14) -- ( 43.20, 65.14);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 81.56) -- ( 43.20, 81.56);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20, 97.98) -- ( 43.20, 97.98);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,114.40) -- ( 43.20,114.40);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,130.83) -- ( 43.20,130.83);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,147.25) -- ( 43.20,147.25);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.20,163.67) -- ( 43.20,163.67);

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80, 65.14) {0};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80, 81.56) {2};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80, 97.98) {4};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80,114.40) {6};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80,130.83) {8};

\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale=  1.00] at ( 34.80,147.25) {10};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 49.20, 61.20) rectangle (191.61,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 54.47, 65.14) rectangle ( 80.85,114.40);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 80.85, 65.14) rectangle (107.22,163.67);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (107.22, 65.14) rectangle (133.59,130.83);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (133.59, 65.14) rectangle (159.96, 81.56);

\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (159.96, 65.14) rectangle (186.34, 97.98);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

注意：这不是一个完整的.tex文件，而是设计用于使用或嵌入到完整文档中。此外，请注意字体度量计算，如果度量显着偏差，则保存的.tex文件可能会在不同字体下呈现奇怪的效果。
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