我正在尝试在我的Android手机（Nexus 4）上创建一个应用程序，该应用程序将用于模型船。我添加了低通滤波器以过滤传感器的杂波。
然而，只有当手机平放时，指南针才是稳定的。如果我将它倾斜（例如翻书页），那么指南针的方向就会偏离太多，多达50度。
我已经使用Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD，并结合Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY和Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER进行了尝试，但效果都一样。
我尝试了这里和其他很多地方提到的解决方法。我的数学不是很好，但这肯定是一个常见的问题，让我感到沮丧的是竟然没有一个API来处理它。
我已经为此问题工作了3天，仍然没有找到任何解决方案。但是，当我使用Catch的指南针时，无论手机倾斜多少，他们的指南针都保持稳定。所以我知道这一定是可能的。
我想做的就是创建一个指南针，如果手机指向北，则指南针将读取北方，当手机在任何其他轴上移动（滚动或俯仰）时不会跳动。
在我不得不放弃我的项目之前，有人能帮我吗？
谢谢， Adam
这个问题我已经思考了几周，因为：
我在math.stackexchange.com上放置了我正在使用的数学方法，并在下面粘贴了代码。该代码从原始TYPE_GRAVITY和TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD传感器数据中计算方位角和俯仰角，而不需要通过API调用SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(...)或SensorManager.getOrientation(...)等方法来实现。如果输入有点不稳定，代码可能可以通过使用低通滤波器等方式进行改进。请注意，代码通过方法onAccuracyChanged（Sensor sensor，int accuracy）记录传感器的准确性，因此，如果方位角似乎不稳定，则要检查每个传感器的准确性。无论如何，由于所有的计算在这段代码中都是明确可见的，如果存在不稳定性问题（当传感器准确度合理时），那么可以通过查看输入或方向向量m_NormGravityVector[]、m_NormEastVector[]或m_NormNorthVector[]中的不稳定性来解决这些问题。
我非常希望得到任何人对这种方法的反馈。我发现，在我的应用程序中，只要设备是正面朝上、垂直或介于两者之间，它就像梦一样运行。然而，正如我在math.stackexchange.com文章中提到的那样，随着设备接近被颠倒的状态，会出现问题。在那种情况下，需要仔细定义所需的行为。
import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.view.Surface;
public static class OrientationSensor implements SensorEventListener {
public final static int SENSOR_UNAVAILABLE = -1;
// references to other objects
SensorManager m_sm;
SensorEventListener m_parent; // non-null if this class should call its parent after onSensorChanged(...) and onAccuracyChanged(...) notifications
Activity m_activity; // current activity for call to getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation()
// raw inputs from Android sensors
float m_Norm_Gravity; // length of raw gravity vector received in onSensorChanged(...). NB: should be about 10
float[] m_NormGravityVector; // Normalised gravity vector, (i.e. length of this vector is 1), which points straight up into space
float m_Norm_MagField; // length of raw magnetic field vector received in onSensorChanged(...).
float[] m_NormMagFieldValues; // Normalised magnetic field vector, (i.e. length of this vector is 1)
// accuracy specifications. SENSOR_UNAVAILABLE if unknown, otherwise SensorManager.SENSOR_STATUS_UNRELIABLE, SENSOR_STATUS_ACCURACY_LOW, SENSOR_STATUS_ACCURACY_MEDIUM or SENSOR_STATUS_ACCURACY_HIGH
int m_GravityAccuracy; // accuracy of gravity sensor
int m_MagneticFieldAccuracy; // accuracy of magnetic field sensor
// values calculated once gravity and magnetic field vectors are available
float[] m_NormEastVector; // normalised cross product of raw gravity vector with magnetic field values, points east
float[] m_NormNorthVector; // Normalised vector pointing to magnetic north
boolean m_OrientationOK; // set true if m_azimuth_radians and m_pitch_radians have successfully been calculated following a call to onSensorChanged(...)
float m_azimuth_radians; // angle of the device from magnetic north
float m_pitch_radians; // tilt angle of the device from the horizontal. m_pitch_radians = 0 if the device if flat, m_pitch_radians = Math.PI/2 means the device is upright.
float m_pitch_axis_radians; // angle which defines the axis for the rotation m_pitch_radians
public OrientationSensor(SensorManager sm, SensorEventListener parent) {
m_sm = sm;
m_parent = parent;
m_activity = null;
m_NormGravityVector = m_NormMagFieldValues = null;
m_NormEastVector = new float[3];
m_NormNorthVector = new float[3];
m_OrientationOK = false;
}
public int Register(Activity activity, int sensorSpeed) {
m_activity = activity; // current activity required for call to getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation()
m_NormGravityVector = new float[3];
m_NormMagFieldValues = new float[3];
m_OrientationOK = false;
int count = 0;
Sensor SensorGravity = m_sm.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY);
if (SensorGravity != null) {
m_sm.registerListener(this, SensorGravity, sensorSpeed);
m_GravityAccuracy = SensorManager.SENSOR_STATUS_ACCURACY_HIGH;
count++;
} else {
m_GravityAccuracy = SENSOR_UNAVAILABLE;
}
Sensor SensorMagField = m_sm.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD);
if (SensorMagField != null) {
m_sm.registerListener(this, SensorMagField, sensorSpeed);
m_MagneticFieldAccuracy = SensorManager.SENSOR_STATUS_ACCURACY_HIGH;
count++;
} else {
m_MagneticFieldAccuracy = SENSOR_UNAVAILABLE;
}
return count;
}
public void Unregister() {
m_activity = null;
m_NormGravityVector = m_NormMagFieldValues = null;
m_OrientationOK = false;
m_sm.unregisterListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent evnt) {
int SensorType = evnt.sensor.getType();
switch(SensorType) {
case Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY:
if (m_NormGravityVector == null) m_NormGravityVector = new float[3];
System.arraycopy(evnt.values, 0, m_NormGravityVector, 0, m_NormGravityVector.length);
m_Norm_Gravity = (float)Math.sqrt(m_NormGravityVector[0]*m_NormGravityVector[0] + m_NormGravityVector[1]*m_NormGravityVector[1] + m_NormGravityVector[2]*m_NormGravityVector[2]);
for(int i=0; i < m_NormGravityVector.length; i++) m_NormGravityVector[i] /= m_Norm_Gravity;
break;
case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD:
if (m_NormMagFieldValues == null) m_NormMagFieldValues = new float[3];
System.arraycopy(evnt.values, 0, m_NormMagFieldValues, 0, m_NormMagFieldValues.length);
m_Norm_MagField = (float)Math.sqrt(m_NormMagFieldValues[0]*m_NormMagFieldValues[0] + m_NormMagFieldValues[1]*m_NormMagFieldValues[1] + m_NormMagFieldValues[2]*m_NormMagFieldValues[2]);
for(int i=0; i < m_NormMagFieldValues.length; i++) m_NormMagFieldValues[i] /= m_Norm_MagField;
break;
}
if (m_NormGravityVector != null && m_NormMagFieldValues != null) {
// first calculate the horizontal vector that points due east
float East_x = m_NormMagFieldValues[1]*m_NormGravityVector[2] - m_NormMagFieldValues[2]*m_NormGravityVector[1];
float East_y = m_NormMagFieldValues[2]*m_NormGravityVector[0] - m_NormMagFieldValues[0]*m_NormGravityVector[2];
float East_z = m_NormMagFieldValues[0]*m_NormGravityVector[1] - m_NormMagFieldValues[1]*m_NormGravityVector[0];
float norm_East = (float)Math.sqrt(East_x * East_x + East_y * East_y + East_z * East_z);
if (m_Norm_Gravity * m_Norm_MagField * norm_East < 0.1f) { // Typical values are > 100.
m_OrientationOK = false; // device is close to free fall (or in space?), or close to magnetic north pole.
} else {
m_NormEastVector[0] = East_x / norm_East; m_NormEastVector[1] = East_y / norm_East; m_NormEastVector[2] = East_z / norm_East;
// next calculate the horizontal vector that points due north
float M_dot_G = (m_NormGravityVector[0] *m_NormMagFieldValues[0] + m_NormGravityVector[1]*m_NormMagFieldValues[1] + m_NormGravityVector[2]*m_NormMagFieldValues[2]);
float North_x = m_NormMagFieldValues[0] - m_NormGravityVector[0] * M_dot_G;
float North_y = m_NormMagFieldValues[1] - m_NormGravityVector[1] * M_dot_G;
float North_z = m_NormMagFieldValues[2] - m_NormGravityVector[2] * M_dot_G;
float norm_North = (float)Math.sqrt(North_x * North_x + North_y * North_y + North_z * North_z);
m_NormNorthVector[0] = North_x / norm_North; m_NormNorthVector[1] = North_y / norm_North; m_NormNorthVector[2] = North_z / norm_North;
// take account of screen rotation away from its natural rotation
int rotation = m_activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
float screen_adjustment = 0;
switch(rotation) {
case Surface.ROTATION_0: screen_adjustment = 0; break;
case Surface.ROTATION_90: screen_adjustment = (float)Math.PI/2; break;
case Surface.ROTATION_180: screen_adjustment = (float)Math.PI; break;
case Surface.ROTATION_270: screen_adjustment = 3*(float)Math.PI/2; break;
}
// NB: the rotation matrix has now effectively been calculated. It consists of the three vectors m_NormEastVector[], m_NormNorthVector[] and m_NormGravityVector[]
// calculate all the required angles from the rotation matrix
// NB: see https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/381649/whats-the-best-3d-angular-co-ordinate-system-for-working-with-smartfone-apps
float sin = m_NormEastVector[1] - m_NormNorthVector[0], cos = m_NormEastVector[0] + m_NormNorthVector[1];
m_azimuth_radians = (float) (sin != 0 && cos != 0 ? Math.atan2(sin, cos) : 0);
m_pitch_radians = (float) Math.acos(m_NormGravityVector[2]);
sin = -m_NormEastVector[1] - m_NormNorthVector[0]; cos = m_NormEastVector[0] - m_NormNorthVector[1];
float aximuth_plus_two_pitch_axis_radians = (float)(sin != 0 && cos != 0 ? Math.atan2(sin, cos) : 0);
m_pitch_axis_radians = (float)(aximuth_plus_two_pitch_axis_radians - m_azimuth_radians) / 2;
m_azimuth_radians += screen_adjustment;
m_pitch_axis_radians += screen_adjustment;
m_OrientationOK = true;
}
}
if (m_parent != null) m_parent.onSensorChanged(evnt);
}
@Override
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
int SensorType = sensor.getType();
switch(SensorType) {
case Sensor.TYPE_GRAVITY: m_GravityAccuracy = accuracy; break;
case Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD: m_MagneticFieldAccuracy = accuracy; break;
}
if (m_parent != null) m_parent.onAccuracyChanged(sensor, accuracy);
}
}
好的，我想我解决了。
我使用Sensor.TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR而不是Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER（或TYPE_GRAVITY）和Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD，并且使用以下内容：
float[] roationV = new float[16];
SensorManager.getRotationMatrixFromVector(roationV, rotationVector);
float[] orientationValuesV = new float[3];
SensorManager.getOrientation(roationV, orientationValuesV);
无论手机的倾斜或俯仰如何，都会返回一个稳定的方位角。
如果您在Android运动传感器中查看，在表格1下方，它说旋转传感器非常适合指南针、增强现实等应用。
知道方法后就很简单... 然而，我还没有测试其是否会引入误差。
这是一种获取磁北方向的另一种方法，不受俯仰或滚转的影响。
private final static double PI = Math.PI;
private final static double TWO_PI = PI*2;
case Sensor.TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR:
float[] orientation = new float[3];
float[] rotationMatrix = new float[9];
SensorManager.getRotationMatrixFromVector(rotationMatrix, rawValues);
SensorManager.getOrientation(rotationMatrix, orientation);
float heading = mod(orientation[0] + TWO_PI,TWO_PI);//important
//do something with the heading
break;
private double mod(double a, double b){
return a % b;
}
我发现在某些智能手机型号上，启动相机可能会改变指南针数据... 1/10度...（与场景的光线有关）
黑暗场景... 1/2 .... 非常白的场景（10度或更多）