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使用GStreamer将MP4或AVI音视频进行输出

linuxvideoubuntugstreamer
3
我有以下语法，它会在屏幕上显示我的网络摄像头的视频并将视频编码为ogv文件。我想做的是在屏幕上显示视频，但将其从ogv文件更改为带音频记录的mp4和/或avi文件，有人可以帮助我吗？
感谢下面的代码适用于ogv文件我正在使用ubuntu 10.04 64位Linux和logitech c600网络摄像头
下面的代码本身就可以工作：
gst-launch-0.10 v4l2src ! 'video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=30/1' ! \
timeoverlay halignment=right valignment=bottom shaded-background=true ! \
clockoverlay halignment=left valignment=bottom text="M/D/Y:" shaded-background=true time-format="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S" ! \
tee name=t_vid ! queue ! xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! queue ! videorate ! \
'video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=30/1' ! theoraenc ! queue ! oggmux ! \
filesink location=testogg.ogv

我尝试将两个不同的工作代码部分结合起来，看看是否能够工作。上面和下面的代码。
下面的代码单独运行是有效的；
gst-launch-0.10 videotestsrc num-buffers=250 \
! 'video/x-raw-yuv,format=(fourcc)I420,width=320,height=240,framerate=25/1' \
! xvidenc ! queue ! mux. \
audiotestsrc num-buffers=440 ! audioconvert ! 'audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2' \
! lame ! queue ! mux. \
avimux name=mux ! filesink location=test.avi

我把它组合在一起
代码的组合不起作用：
gst-launch-0.10 v4l2src ! 'video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=25/1' ! \
timeoverlay halignment=right valignment=bottom shaded-background=true ! \
clockoverlay halignment=left valignment=bottom text="M/D/Y:" shaded-background=true time-format="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S" ! \
tee name=t_vid ! queue ! xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! queue ! videorate ! \
'video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=25/1' ! xvidenc ! queue ! mux. ! \
avimux name=mux ! filesink location=testavirt.avi

然而，我收到了一个错误信息：“警告：错误的管道：没有源元素链接”。我尝试使用这个编解码器的原因是为了让它在kdenlive中工作，因为kdenlive非常挑剔，只能导入特定的编解码器。好的，我按照建议用下面的代码启动了gstreamer调试模式。
gst-launch-0.10 -v --gst-debug-level=3 ! v4l2src ! 'video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=25/1' ! \
timeoverlay halignment=right valignment=bottom shaded-background=true ! \
clockoverlay halignment=left valignment=bottom text="M/D/Y:" shaded-background=true time-format="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S" ! \
tee name=t_vid ! queue ! xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! queue ! videorate ! \
'video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=25/1' ! xvidenc ! queue ! mux. ! \
avimux name=mux ! filesink location=testavirt.avi

它返回了以下调试信息。
0:00:00.000783199 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_INIT gstquery.c:107:_gst_query_initialize: init queries
0:00:00.001852610 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_INIT gstmessage.c:73:_gst_message_initialize: init messages
0:00:00.002272948 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:350:_gst_plugin_initialize: registering 0 static plugins
0:00:00.002463561 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:255:gst_plugin_register_static: registered static plugin "staticelements"
0:00:00.002486054 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:257:gst_plugin_register_static: added static plugin "staticelements", result: 1
0:00:00.003105961 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_REGISTRY gstregistry.c:1611:ensure_current_registry: reading registry cache: /home/rat/.gstreamer-0.10/registry.x86_64.bin
0:00:00.019757535 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_REGISTRY gstregistrybinary.c:614:gst_registry_binary_read_cache: loaded /home/rat/.gstreamer-0.10/registry.x86_64.bin in 0.016615 seconds
0:00:00.019860736 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_REGISTRY gstregistry.c:1471:scan_and_update_registry: Validating plugins from registry cache: /home/rat/.gstreamer-0.10/registry.x86_64.bin
0:00:00.021184812 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_REGISTRY gstregistry.c:1573:scan_and_update_registry: Registry cache has not changed
0:00:00.021194999 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_REGISTRY gstregistry.c:1640:ensure_current_registry: registry reading and updating done, result = 1
0:00:00.021201052 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_INIT gst.c:797:init_post: GLib runtime version: 2.24.1
0:00:00.021208042 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_INIT gst.c:799:init_post: GLib headers version: 2.24.1
0:00:00.021241674 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE gstparse.c:335:gst_parse_launch_full: parsing pipeline description '! v4l2src ! video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=25/1 ! timeoverlay halignment=right valignment=bottom shaded-background=true ! clockoverlay halignment=left valignment=bottom text=M/D/Y: shaded-background=true time-format=%m/%d/%Y\ %H:%M:%S ! tee name=t_vid ! queue ! xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! queue ! videorate ! video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=25/1 ! xvidenc ! queue ! mux. ! avimux name=mux ! filesink location=testavirt.avi '
0:00:00.022709253 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideo4linux2.so" loaded
0:00:00.022725847 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "v4l2src"
0:00:00.023022609 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseSrc@0xd28030> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.024528033 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstpango.so" loaded
0:00:00.024541435 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "timeoverlay"
0:00:00.024983829 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstTextOverlay@0xd42040> adding pad 'video_sink'
0:00:00.025034224 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstTextOverlay@0xd42040> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.025085769 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "clockoverlay"
0:00:00.025208997 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstTextOverlay@0xd4c0f0> adding pad 'video_sink'
0:00:00.025256228 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstTextOverlay@0xd4c0f0> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.025569620 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstcoreelements.so" loaded
0:00:00.025583335 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "tee"
0:00:00.025655142 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstTee@0xc23760> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.025678269 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "queue"
0:00:00.025770942 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd581c0> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.025795370 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd581c0> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.026000635 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstxvimagesink.so" loaded
0:00:00.026012901 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "xvimagesink"
0:00:00.026142535 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseSink@0xd26610> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.026172194 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "queue"
0:00:00.026202526 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd58440> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.026225449 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd58440> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.027723125 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideorate.so" loaded
0:00:00.027735129 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "videorate"
0:00:00.027808311 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstVideoRate@0xd5f000> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.027834798 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstVideoRate@0xd5f000> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.028089942 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstxvid.so" loaded
0:00:00.028101728 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "xvidenc"
0:00:00.028370479 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstXvidEnc@0xd5f1e0> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.028400842 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstXvidEnc@0xd5f1e0> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.028481732 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "queue"
0:00:00.028508557 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd586c0> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.028536913 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstQueue@0xd586c0> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.029064786 16068       0xade080 INFO      GST_PLUGIN_LOADING gstplugin.c:859:gst_plugin_load_file: plugin "/usr/lib/gstreamer-0.10/libgstavi.so" loaded
0:00:00.029077092 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "avimux"
0:00:00.029284486 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstAviMux@0xd73000> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.029326884 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "filesink"
0:00:00.029378045 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseSink@0xd75370> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.029412649 16068       0xade080 INFO                filesink gstfilesink.c:306:gst_file_sink_set_location: filename : testavirt.avi
0:00:00.029420428 16068       0xade080 INFO                filesink gstfilesink.c:307:gst_file_sink_set_location: uri      : file:///home/rat/testavirt.avi
0:00:00.029433307 16068       0xade080 ERROR           GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:799:_gst_parse_yyparse: link without source element
0:00:00.029446312 16068       0xade080 ERROR           GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:862:_gst_parse_yyparse: link without source element
0:00:00.029456839 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "pipeline"
0:00:00.029535187 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking v4l2src0:(any) to timeoverlay0:(any) (0/0) with caps "video/x-raw-yuv, width=(int)640, height=(int)480, framerate=(fraction)25/1"
0:00:00.029561950 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "capsfilter"
0:00:00.029628904 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseTransform@0xd78150> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.029654353 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseTransform@0xd78150> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.029668706 16068       0xade080 INFO              GST_STATES gstbin.c:1767:gst_bin_get_state_func:<pipeline0> getting state
0:00:00.029686262 16068       0xade080 INFO              GST_STATES gstelement.c:2408:gst_element_continue_state:<capsfilter0> completed state change to NULL
0:00:00.029703721 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element v4l2src0:(any) to element capsfilter0:sink
0:00:00.029712366 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:969:gst_element_get_static_pad: found pad capsfilter0:sink
0:00:00.029720912 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: v4l2src0 and capsfilter0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.029744719 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link v4l2src0:src and capsfilter0:sink
0:00:00.049689595 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked v4l2src0:src and capsfilter0:sink, successful
0:00:00.049761719 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element capsfilter0:src to element timeoverlay0:(any)
0:00:00.049782927 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:969:gst_element_get_static_pad: found pad capsfilter0:src
0:00:00.049801288 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link capsfilter0:src and timeoverlay0:video_sink
0:00:00.050467449 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: capsfilter0 and timeoverlay0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.050498205 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link capsfilter0:src and timeoverlay0:video_sink
0:00:00.051365172 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked capsfilter0:src and timeoverlay0:video_sink, successful
0:00:00.051410274 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking timeoverlay0:(any) to clockoverlay0:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.051435266 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element timeoverlay0:(any) to element clockoverlay0:(any)
0:00:00.051452770 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link timeoverlay0:src and clockoverlay0:video_sink
0:00:00.052124174 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: timeoverlay0 and clockoverlay0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.052152481 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link timeoverlay0:src and clockoverlay0:video_sink
0:00:00.052819379 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked timeoverlay0:src and clockoverlay0:video_sink, successful
0:00:00.052851632 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking clockoverlay0:(any) to t_vid:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.052872037 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element clockoverlay0:(any) to element t_vid:(any)
0:00:00.052888711 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link clockoverlay0:src and t_vid:sink
0:00:00.053539972 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: clockoverlay0 and t_vid in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.053567822 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link clockoverlay0:src and t_vid:sink
0:00:00.054209057 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked clockoverlay0:src and t_vid:sink, successful
0:00:00.054240988 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking t_vid:(any) to queue0:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.054261353 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element t_vid:(any) to element queue0:(any)
0:00:00.054357775 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<t_vid> adding pad 'src0'
0:00:00.054391930 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: t_vid and queue0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.054416401 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link t_vid:src0 and queue0:sink
0:00:00.055097197 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked t_vid:src0 and queue0:sink, successful
0:00:00.055131050 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking queue0:(any) to xvimagesink0:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.055151268 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element queue0:(any) to element xvimagesink0:(any)
0:00:00.055167783 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link queue0:src and xvimagesink0:sink
0:00:00.055842243 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: queue0 and xvimagesink0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.055870005 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link queue0:src and xvimagesink0:sink
0:00:00.056567773 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked queue0:src and xvimagesink0:sink, successful
0:00:00.056606717 16068       0xade080 INFO           GST_PARENTAGE gstbin.c:3707:gst_bin_get_by_name: [pipeline0]: looking up child element t_vid
0:00:00.056632626 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking t_vid:t_vid to queue1:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.056651644 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element t_vid:(any) to element queue1:(any)
0:00:00.056719250 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<t_vid> adding pad 'src1'
0:00:00.056741754 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: t_vid and queue1 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.056764926 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link t_vid:src1 and queue1:sink
0:00:00.057431047 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked t_vid:src1 and queue1:sink, successful
0:00:00.057462976 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking queue1:(any) to videorate0:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.057520574 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element queue1:(any) to element videorate0:(any)
0:00:00.057541803 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link queue1:src and videorate0:sink
0:00:00.058218898 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: queue1 and videorate0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.058247509 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link queue1:src and videorate0:sink
0:00:00.058913420 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked queue1:src and videorate0:sink, successful
0:00:00.058945216 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking videorate0:(any) to xvidenc0:(any) (0/0) with caps "video/x-raw-yuv, framerate=(fraction)25/1"
0:00:00.058980252 16068       0xade080 INFO     GST_ELEMENT_FACTORY gstelementfactory.c:375:gst_element_factory_create: creating element "capsfilter"
0:00:00.059030050 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseTransform@0xd78410> adding pad 'sink'
0:00:00.059070176 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<GstBaseTransform@0xd78410> adding pad 'src'
0:00:00.059099030 16068       0xade080 INFO              GST_STATES gstbin.c:1767:gst_bin_get_state_func:<pipeline0> getting state
0:00:00.059133982 16068       0xade080 INFO              GST_STATES gstelement.c:2408:gst_element_continue_state:<capsfilter1> completed state change to NULL
0:00:00.059161447 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element videorate0:(any) to element capsfilter1:sink
0:00:00.059178858 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:969:gst_element_get_static_pad: found pad capsfilter1:sink
0:00:00.059192810 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: videorate0 and capsfilter1 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.059215498 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link videorate0:src and capsfilter1:sink
0:00:00.059916866 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked videorate0:src and capsfilter1:sink, successful
0:00:00.059949637 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element capsfilter1:src to element xvidenc0:(any)
0:00:00.059966690 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:969:gst_element_get_static_pad: found pad capsfilter1:src
0:00:00.059982820 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link capsfilter1:src and xvidenc0:sink
0:00:00.060795894 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: capsfilter1 and xvidenc0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.060824501 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link capsfilter1:src and xvidenc0:sink
0:00:00.061632768 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked capsfilter1:src and xvidenc0:sink, successful
0:00:00.083857679 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking xvidenc0:(any) to queue2:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.083881589 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element xvidenc0:(any) to element queue2:(any)
0:00:00.083891480 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link xvidenc0:src and queue2:sink
0:00:00.083904166 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: xvidenc0 and queue2 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.083914692 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link xvidenc0:src and queue2:sink
0:00:00.083925117 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked xvidenc0:src and queue2:sink, successful
0:00:00.083937094 16068       0xade080 INFO           GST_PARENTAGE gstbin.c:3707:gst_bin_get_by_name: [pipeline0]: looking up child element mux
0:00:00.083947729 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking queue2:(any) to mux:mux (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.083955323 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element queue2:(any) to element mux:(any)
0:00:00.084035330 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstelement.c:722:gst_element_add_pad:<mux> adding pad 'video_00'
0:00:00.084049981 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: queue2 and mux in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.084060734 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link queue2:src and mux:video_00
0:00:00.084075560 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked queue2:src and mux:video_00, successful
0:00:00.084087455 16068       0xade080 INFO            GST_PIPELINE ./grammar.y:568:gst_parse_perform_link: linking mux:(any) to filesink0:(any) (0/0) with caps "(NULL)"
0:00:00.084095861 16068       0xade080 INFO        GST_ELEMENT_PADS gstutils.c:1694:gst_element_link_pads_full: trying to link element mux:(any) to element filesink0:(any)
0:00:00.084103574 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1028:gst_pad_check_link: trying to link mux:src and filesink0:sink
0:00:00.084114625 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstutils.c:1592:prepare_link_maybe_ghosting: mux and filesink0 in same bin, no need for ghost pads
0:00:00.084124013 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:1956:gst_pad_link_prepare: trying to link mux:src and filesink0:sink
0:00:00.084131937 16068       0xade080 INFO                GST_PADS gstpad.c:2139:gst_pad_link_full: linked mux:src and filesink0:sink, successful
WARNING: erroneous pipeline: link without source element
rat@ubu64:~$
所有的感叹号都是什么意思？ - sarnold
这是代码的一部分... http://www.twm-kd.com/linux/webcam-and-linux-gstreamer-tutorial/ - Rick T
哇，我想这是复制粘贴错误。每天都有新的学习。 :) - sarnold
在gstreamer中，符号!将管道元素分隔开来。 - Jonathan Henson
2个回答
4
如果你想使用mp4或avi格式，你需要使用不同的编码器。我推荐使用h264或mp4v编码器，其中h264enc在ugly插件包中。
如果你想选择mp4格式，也许可以选择mp4v作为视频编码器，mp4a作为音频编码器。但因为我此时没有我的Linux电脑，所以可能不是完美的。
gst-launch v4l2src ! your caps ! other elements ! tee name=t_vid ! \
  xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! queue ! caps adjustment if you need it ! \
  x264enc ! queue ! avi_mux.  \
  alsasrc ! caps ! faac (or whatever will go with avi) ! avimux name=avi_mux ! \
  filesink location=testavi.avi

这里是avi版本。显然，您可以调整编码器以适应容器所需的任何格式。如果您使用mp4mux，它非常相似，只需将我的avimux内容替换为mp4mux。

您可能需要调整alsamixer以确保管道从您的网络摄像头捕获，而不是从其中一个麦克风插孔中捕获。

此外，您可能需要使队列缓冲区无限制以减少延迟。

感谢您的快速回复。我尝试添加了您推荐的代码行，但无法使它们正常工作。我找到了一个编解码器xvidenc，kdenlive可以接受，但是我遇到了一个gstreamer错误消息，不知道如何修复。您有什么想法可以帮助我解决“警告：错误的管道：没有源元素的链接”的问题吗？我已经更新了问题，包括我正在使用的新代码行。再次感谢您的帮助。 - Rick T
@RickT，你的组合管道中没有音频部分。 - Jonathan Henson
另外，要查找错误的原因，请以调试级别3运行gst-launch。 - Jonathan Henson
我还没有添加音频部分，因为我正在尝试缩小可能导致问题的范围，所以目前只使用视频。我已经添加了调试行并将其输出添加到问题中。我应该寻找特定的东西吗？谢谢。 - Rick T
@RickT 是的，在它抛出关于源和汇的警告时，请查找相关元素。我刚刚查看了一下，问题在于您没有任何音频可以复用到avimux中，因此链接无法工作。这就是为什么我指出您缺少音频元素的原因。没有音频元素，avimux将无法工作。 - Jonathan Henson
3

如果有人感兴趣，以下是我通过Jonathan Henson的帮助最终整理出来的内容：

gst-launch-0.10 v4l2src ! 'video/x-raw-yuv,width=640,height=480,framerate=30/1' ! \
timeoverlay halignment=right valignment=bottom shaded-background=true ! \
clockoverlay halignment=left valignment=bottom text="M/D/Y:" shaded-background=true time-format="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S" ! \
tee name=t_vid ! queue ! xvimagesink sync=false t_vid. ! videorate ! \
'video/x-raw-yuv,framerate=30/1' ! theoraenc ! queue ! mux.  \
alsasrc device=plughw:1,0 ! audio/x-raw-int,rate=8000,channels=1,depth=16 ! \
audioconvert ! vorbisenc ! queue ! mux. \
oggmux name=mux ! filesink location=testogg.ogv
很高兴你把它搞定了。这可能会让人沮丧，但一旦你掌握了Gstreamer，你的能力就会成倍增长。你是用API编写这个程序，还是只是命令行操作？ - Jonathan Henson
1
目前我只是在使用命令行进行试水。这个程序非常强大。 - Rick T
等到开始使用API时，您会发现自己只是触及了冰山一角。有太多精彩的设计，从gobject和glib（它们在C中提供了非常强大的反射形式，这本身就是一个惊人的成就）到消息总线系统等等。Gstreamer非常棒。此外，API也有很好的文档记录，这可能解释了为什么Unix世界中基本上每个多媒体应用程序都使用它。 - Jonathan Henson
此外，您有太多的队列。只需要在您的分支末尾和每个复用分支之后使用它们。过多的线程对应用程序的效率不利。 - Jonathan Henson
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