Android与依赖项appcompat冲突

Question

我正在尝试将espresso-contrib库添加到我的项目中。这是我的build.gradle文件：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "example.com.littlebox_hari"
        minSdkVersion 19
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    /*configurations.all {
        resolutionStrategy {
            force 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
        }
    }*/
}


dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0'
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2'
    compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0'
    testCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0'
}

我得到了这个错误信息:

Error:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7'. Resolved versions for app (23.4.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.

如果我取消注释build.gradle文件中的这些行，我会得到：

Error:(72) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Display1'.
Error:(75) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'.
Error:(79) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'.
Error:(76) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'.
Error:(82) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Caption'.
Error:(89) Error retrieving parent for item: No resource found that matches the given name 'TextAppearance.AppCompat.Button'.
D:\Littlebox-Hari\app\build\intermediates\exploded-aar\com.android.support\design\23.1.1\res\values\values.xml
Error:(97, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'textAllCaps'.
Error:(102, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'.
Error:(113, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'backgroundTint'.
Error:(113, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'.
Error:(122, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'.
Error:(131, 5) No resource found that matches the given name: attr 'elevation'.

编辑：我在我的 build.gradle 文件中添加了以下行：

testCompile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'

我仍然得到相同的错误。

- rhari

---

你读了错误信息提供的URL吗？ - OneCricketeer

可能是Gradle：应用程序和测试应用程序的已解析版本不同的重复问题。 - OneCricketeer

编辑 - 我得到了相同的错误。 - rhari

Answer 1

今天我也遇到了这个问题。

首先，请将相关依赖更新为它们的最新版本（0.5和2.2.2）。

请参见：https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/downloads/

// Android JUnit Runner
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'

// JUnit4 Rules
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'

// Espresso core
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'

// Espresso-contrib for DatePicker, RecyclerView, Drawer actions, Accessibility checks, CountingIdlingResource
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'

// Espresso-web for WebView support
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.2'

// Espresso-idling-resource for synchronization with background jobs
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2'

然后，你会遇到相同的错误，因为最新版本现在还没有使用最新版本的支持库（23.4.0）。这个问题已经在漏洞跟踪器上开放了：https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=211490

这对我有用：

dependencies {
    ext {
        supportLibVersion = '23.4.0'
        espressoVersion = '2.2.2'
    }
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile ("com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$espressoVersion") {
        exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'
        exclude module: 'design'
    }
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:design:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibVersion"
}

编辑： 根据这个指南，似乎这是正确的方式：

ext {
    supportLibVersion = '24.1.1'
    espressoVersion = '2.2.2'
    junitVersion = '4.12'
    mockitoVersion = '1.10.19'
    hamcrestVersion = '1.3'
    powerMockitoVersion = '1.6.5'
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:design:$supportLibVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibVersion"

    // Testing dependencies
    testCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion"
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-all:$mockitoVersion"
    testCompile "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:$hamcrestVersion"
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:$powerMockitoVersion"
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:$powerMockitoVersion"
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:$espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$espressoVersion"
}

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibVersion"
}

configurations.compile.dependencies.each { compileDependency ->
    println "Excluding compile dependency: ${compileDependency.getName()}"
    configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency ->
    configurations.androidTestCompile.exclude module: "${compileDependency.getName()}"
}

- Rúben Sousa

---

我还需要在 espresso-contrib 的排除列表中添加这一行： exclude module: 'support-v4'。 - Yair Kukielka

Answer 2

在大量尝试其他build.gradle文件（阅读太多的Android书籍，其中gradle设置已更改，与来自无数网站的修改过的gradle文件合并，与谷歌自己推荐的gradle文件合并，这些文件仍然过时）之后，这两个配置对我有用了，因为坦白地说，Gradle及其构建系统很糟糕（完全不如CMake/Rake/Scons/Make）。

/* 主要buid.gradle */

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.2'

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id "com.github.tkruse.groovysh" version "1.0.8" // optional
}


allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

// Define versions in a single place
ext {
    // Sdk and tools
    minSdkVersion = 10
    targetSdkVersion = 22
    compileSdkVersion = 23
    buildToolsVersion = '23.0.3'

    // App dependencies
    supportLibraryVersion = '23.4.0'
    guavaVersion = '18.0'
    glideVersion = '3.6.1'
    junitVersion = '4.12'
    mockitoVersion = '1.10.19'
    powerMockito = '1.6.2'
    hamcrestVersion = '1.3'
    runnerVersion = '0.5'
    rulesVersion = '0.5'
    espressoVersion = '2.2.2'
}

和

app/build.gradle

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
    buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.android.testing.notes"
        minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
        targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner 'android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner'
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            // Run code coverage reports by default on debug builds.
            testCoverageEnabled = true
        }
    }

    // If you need to add more flavors, consider using flavor dimensions.
    productFlavors {
        mock {
            applicationIdSuffix = ".mock"
        }
        prod {

        }
    }

    // Remove mockRelease as it's not needed.
    android.variantFilter { variant ->
        if(variant.buildType.name.equals('release')
                && variant.getFlavors().get(0).name.equals('mock')) {
            variant.setIgnore(true);
        }
    }

    // Always show the result of every unit test, even if it passes.
    testOptions.unitTests.all {
        testLogging {
            events 'passed', 'skipped', 'failed', 'standardOut', 'standardError'
        }
    }

}

/*
 Dependency versions are defined in the top level build.gradle file. This helps keeping track of
 all versions in a single place. This improves readability and helps managing project complexity.
 */
dependencies {
    // App's dependencies, including test
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:cardview-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:design:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
    compile "com.android.support:support-v4:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
    compile "com.google.guava:guava:$rootProject.guavaVersion"
    compile "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:$rootProject.glideVersion"
    compile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion"

    // Dependencies for local unit tests
    testCompile "junit:junit:$rootProject.ext.junitVersion"
    testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-all:$rootProject.ext.mockitoVersion"
    testCompile "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:$rootProject.ext.hamcrestVersion"
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:$rootProject.ext.powerMockito"
    testCompile "org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:$rootProject.ext.powerMockito"

    // Android Testing Support Library's runner and rules
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:runner:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:rules:$rootProject.ext.rulesVersion"

    // Espresso UI Testing dependencies.
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$rootProject.ext.espressoVersion"
}

/*
Resolves dependency versions across test and production APKs, specifically, transitive
dependencies. This is required since Espresso internally has a dependency on support-annotations.
*/
configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion"
}

/*
All direct/transitive dependencies shared between your test and production APKs need to be
excluded from the test APK! This is necessary because both APKs will contain the same classes. Not
excluding these dependencies from your test configuration will result in an dex pre-verifier error
at runtime. More info in this tools bug: (https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=192497)
*/
configurations.compile.dependencies.each { compileDependency ->
    println "Excluding compile dependency: ${compileDependency.getName()}"
    configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency ->
        configurations.androidTestCompile.exclude module: "${compileDependency.getName()}"
    }
}

- Jimi Damon