当我在
来自http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/cout/:
静态初始化顺序上讲,保证在第一次构造类型为
我想知道是否在新线程中调用
我在RHEL 6.4上使用GCC 4.8.2运行。下面是我的客户端代码,为了完整起见,已注释掉附加的
Client.cpp:
std::thread()
内调用socket()
时,它返回一个套接字描述符1。然后调用std::cout
将文本发送到服务器而非终端。当我在调用socket()
之前添加cout << "";
时,stdin/out/err的描述符被创建,socket()
返回3。来自http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iostream/cout/:
静态初始化顺序上讲,保证在第一次构造类型为
ios_base::Init
的对象时,cout
已经正确构造和初始化,包括<iostream>
至少算作这些具有静态持续期的对象的一个初始化。默认情况下,cout
与stdout
同步(参见ios_base::sync_with_stdio
)。
std::cout
应该已经初始化并与stdout同步,这就解释了为什么std::cout
将消息发送到服务器而非终端。我想知道是否在新线程中调用
std::thread()
会关闭stdin/out/err描述符或者这些描述符不存在于线程中,因为该线程不是由终端或initd创建的?我在RHEL 6.4上使用GCC 4.8.2运行。下面是我的客户端代码,为了完整起见,已注释掉附加的
cout << "";
。Client.cpp:
#include "Client.hpp"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>
#include <functional>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
Client::Client( const string& hostname, const string& port ) {
this->hostname = hostname;
this->port = port;
}
Client::~Client() { close( fd ); }
void Client::operator()() {
struct addrinfo hints;
memset( &hints, 0, sizeof( struct addrinfo ) );
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_flags = 0;
hints.ai_protocol = 0;
struct addrinfo *result;
int ret = getaddrinfo( hostname.c_str(), port.c_str(), &hints, &result );
if( ret != 0) {
cerr << "getaddrinfo failed: " << gai_strerror( ret ) << endl;
return;
}
// cout << ""; // prevents socket() from returning 1 and redefining cout
struct addrinfo *rp = NULL;
for( rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next ) {
fd = socket( rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol );
if( fd == -1 ) {
continue; /* Error */
}
if( connect( fd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen ) != -1) {
break; /* Success */
}
close( fd ); /* Try again */
}
if( rp == NULL ) {
cerr << "Failed to connect to " << hostname << ":" << port << endl;
return;
}
freeaddrinfo( result );
cout << "Starting echo client" << endl;
int i = 0;
do {
stringstream ss;
ss << "Thread " << this_thread::get_id() << ": Message #" << ++i;
string str = ss.str();
_send( str.c_str() );
string msg = _recv();
//cout << "Thread " << this_thread::get_id() << " received message: " << msg << endl;
} while ( i < 10 );
cout << "Stopping echo client" << endl;
close( fd );
}
string Client::_recv( ) const {
const int BUF_SIZE = 1024;
char* buf = ( char * ) malloc( sizeof( char) * BUF_SIZE );
memset( buf, '\0', sizeof( char ) * BUF_SIZE );
int bytes = recv( fd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0 );
if( bytes < 0 ) {
perror( "recv failed" );
}
string msg = string( buf );
free( buf );
return msg;
}
void Client::_send( const string buf ) const {
if( send( fd, buf.c_str(), buf.length(), 0 ) < 0 ) {
perror( "send failed" );
}
}
void usage() {
cerr << "Usage: client <hostname> <port>" << endl;
cerr << " hostname - server name listening for incoming connctions" << endl;
cerr << " port - internet port to listen for connections from" << endl;
}
int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
if( argc < 3 ) {
cerr << "Not enough arguments!" << endl;
usage();
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
vector<thread> clients;
for( int i = 0; i < 1; i++ ) {
clients.push_back( thread( ( Client( argv[1], argv[2] ) ) ) );
}
for_each( clients.begin(), clients.end(), mem_fn( &thread::join ) );
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Client.hpp:
#ifndef __CLIENT_HPP__
#define __CLIENT_HPP__
#include <string>
class Client {
private:
int fd;
std::string hostname;
std::string port;
std::string _recv( ) const;
void _send( const std::string buf ) const;
public:
Client( const std::string& hostname, const std::string& port);
~Client();
void operator()();
};
#endif
fd
),在析构函数中销毁,你应该实现或禁止复制/移动构造/赋值。另外,在错误条件下调用freeaddrinfo
在return
之后,导致连接不成功时发生内存泄漏。 - Casey