我用Swing写了几个小的Java程序。当我在Netbeans中运行它们时，它们能正常工作，但是当我在Netbeans之外以jar格式运行它们时，Swing元素渲染部分或完全不显示。
以下是比较：
通过Netbeans：
在Netbeans之外：
一些问题出现在窗口显示后立即出现，其他问题出现在将光标移到元素上时。主要问题是文字未能渲染，按钮的文本、边框和背景随机出现和消失。窗体的边框不是问题。两个截图之间的差别仅是Windows 7中清晰的窗体和当我拍摄这些屏幕截图时程序下打开的窗口的结果。
以下是简化后的GUI代码，不包括事件处理和程序逻辑：
以下是比较：
通过Netbeans：
在Netbeans之外：
一些问题出现在窗口显示后立即出现，其他问题出现在将光标移到元素上时。主要问题是文字未能渲染，按钮的文本、边框和背景随机出现和消失。窗体的边框不是问题。两个截图之间的差别仅是Windows 7中清晰的窗体和当我拍摄这些屏幕截图时程序下打开的窗口的结果。以下是简化后的GUI代码，不包括事件处理和程序逻辑：
package alarmclock;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class AlarmClockGUI {
private JFrame frame;
private JButton onOffButton;
private JComboBox<String> alarmList;
private JLabel remainingTime, currentTime,
alarmTime;
private final EventHandler eventHandler; //Handles GUI events
private final boolean time24Mode = false; //Indicates 24H (true) or 12H (false) time
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
AlarmClockGUI acg = new AlarmClockGUI();
}
});
}
public AlarmClockGUI() {
eventHandler = new EventHandler(); //Handles GUI events
createFrameOptions();
}
class EventHandler implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//Code added here
}
}
private void updateTimeDisplay() {
String tempTime = String.format("%tT", new Date());
if (time24Mode) {
currentTime.setText(tempTime);
} else {
currentTime.setText(String.format("%tr", new Date()));
}
}
private void createFrameOptions() {
frame = new JFrame("Alarm Clock");
frame.getContentPane().add(createMainPanel());
createTimer(); //must follow main panel creation
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setResizable(true);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); //Centers frame. Must follow pack()
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private JPanel createTimePanel() {
JPanel timePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
remainingTime = new JLabel("00:00:00", SwingConstants.CENTER);
remainingTime.setFont(
remainingTime.getFont().deriveFont(36.0f));
remainingTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 80));
remainingTime.setOpaque(true);
remainingTime.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Remaining Time"));
currentTime = new JLabel(String.format("%tT", new Date()),
SwingConstants.CENTER);
currentTime.setFont(
currentTime.getFont().deriveFont(16.0f));
currentTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 40));
currentTime.setOpaque(false);
currentTime.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Current Time"));
alarmTime = new JLabel("00:00:00", SwingConstants.CENTER);
alarmTime.setFont(
alarmTime.getFont().deriveFont(16.0f));
alarmTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 40));
alarmTime.setOpaque(false);
alarmTime.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Alarm Time"));
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
c.gridx = 0;
c.gridy = 0;
c.gridheight = 2;
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
timePanel.add(remainingTime, c);
c.gridx = 1;
c.gridheight = 1;
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
timePanel.add(currentTime, c);
c.gridy = 1;
timePanel.add(alarmTime, c);
return timePanel;
}
private JComboBox createAlarmList() {
alarmList = new JComboBox<>();
alarmList.addActionListener(eventHandler);
alarmList.setActionCommand("List");
alarmList.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
return alarmList;
}
private JPanel createButtonPanel() {
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
onOffButton = createButton("Alarm Off", eventHandler);
onOffButton.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(88, 26));
buttonPanel.add(createButton("New Alarm", eventHandler));
buttonPanel.add(createButton("Edit", eventHandler));
buttonPanel.add(onOffButton); //Not anonymous; button text changes
buttonPanel.add(createButton("Delete", eventHandler));
return buttonPanel;
}
private JButton createButton(String buttonName, ActionListener al) {
JButton b = new JButton(buttonName);
b.setActionCommand(buttonName);
b.addActionListener(al);
return b;
}
private JPanel createMainPanel() {
JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
mainPanel.add(createTimePanel());
mainPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(10, 10)));
mainPanel.add(createAlarmList());
mainPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0, 10)));
mainPanel.add(createButtonPanel());
mainPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
return mainPanel;
}
private void createTimer() {
Timer timer = new Timer(1000, eventHandler);
timer.setActionCommand("Timer");
timer.setInitialDelay(0);
timer.start();
}
}
我刚刚更新了我的JRE到最新版本（在那之前问题就已经出现了），Netbeans正在使用与我的系统相同的JRE。
有人可以解释下为什么我的程序在Netbeans外部渲染不正确吗？
---更新---------------------
我尝试了设置外观，但没有帮助。