Ruby on Rails, Paperclip, Amazon AWS S3 & Heroku

Question

我尝试了两天通过Heroku和Amazon AWS S3（用于存储我的图片）让我的整个网站在互联网上运行，但是...我做不到！

为了简化起见，我想使用Heroku和Amazon AWS S3与paperclip一起上传图片并显示它。

我遵循了很多教程，但是这篇总结了我所做的一切: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/paperclip-s3

上传系统在本地基本存储中运作良好，但如果我按照教程并将此代码放入我的环境中，就会出现错误。

config.paperclip_defaults = {
  :storage => :s3,
  :s3_credentials => {
    :bucket => ENV['S3_BUCKET_NAME'],
    :access_key_id => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    :secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
  }
}

首先是我的代码，然后我会写出我在本地遇到的错误以及在尝试在互联网上进行测试（Heroku open）时遇到的错误。

我的代码：

development.rb:

Blabla::Application.configure do
  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb.

  # In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
  # every request. This slows down response time but is perfect for development
  # since you don't have to restart the web server when you make code changes.
  config.cache_classes = false

  # Do not eager load code on boot.
  config.eager_load = false

  # Show full error reports and disable caching.
  config.consider_all_requests_local       = true
  config.action_controller.perform_caching = false

  # Don't care if the mailer can't send.
  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false

  # Print deprecation notices to the Rails logger.
  config.active_support.deprecation = :log

  # Raise an error on page load if there are pending migrations
  config.active_record.migration_error = :page_load

  # Debug mode disables concatenation and preprocessing of assets.
  # This option may cause significant delays in view rendering with a large
  # number of complex assets.
  config.assets.debug = true
config.paperclip_defaults = {
  :storage => :s3,
  :s3_credentials => {
    :bucket => ENV['S3_BUCKET_NAME'],
    :access_key_id => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    :secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
  }
    }

end

production.rb：

Blabla::Application.configure do
  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/application.rb.

  # Code is not reloaded between requests.
  config.cache_classes = true

  # Eager load code on boot. This eager loads most of Rails and
  # your application in memory, allowing both thread web servers
  # and those relying on copy on write to perform better.
  # Rake tasks automatically ignore this option for performance.
  config.eager_load = true

  # Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on.
  config.consider_all_requests_local       = false
  config.action_controller.perform_caching = true

  # Enable Rack::Cache to put a simple HTTP cache in front of your application
  # Add `rack-cache` to your Gemfile before enabling this.
  # For large-scale production use, consider using a caching reverse proxy like nginx, varnish or squid.
  # config.action_dispatch.rack_cache = true

  # Disable Rails's static asset server (Apache or nginx will already do this).
  config.serve_static_assets = false

  # Compress JavaScripts and CSS.
  config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier
  # config.assets.css_compressor = :sass

  # Do not fallback to assets pipeline if a precompiled asset is missed.
  config.assets.compile = false

  # Generate digests for assets URLs.
  config.assets.digest = true

  # Version of your assets, change this if you want to expire all your assets.
  config.assets.version = '1.0'

  # Specifies the header that your server uses for sending files.
  # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = "X-Sendfile" # for apache
  # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Accel-Redirect' # for nginx

  # Force all access to the app over SSL, use Strict-Transport-Security, and use secure cookies.
  # config.force_ssl = true

  # Set to :debug to see everything in the log.
  config.log_level = :info

  # Prepend all log lines with the following tags.
  # config.log_tags = [ :subdomain, :uuid ]

  # Use a different logger for distributed setups.
  # config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(SyslogLogger.new)

  # Use a different cache store in production.
  # config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store

  # Enable serving of images, stylesheets, and JavaScripts from an asset server.
  # config.action_controller.asset_host = "http://assets.example.com"

  # Precompile additional assets.
  # application.js, application.css, and all non-JS/CSS in app/assets folder are already added.
  # config.assets.precompile += %w( search.js )

  # Ignore bad email addresses and do not raise email delivery errors.
  # Set this to true and configure the email server for immediate delivery to raise delivery errors.
  # config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false

  # Enable locale fallbacks for I18n (makes lookups for any locale fall back to
  # the I18n.default_locale when a translation can not be found).
  config.i18n.fallbacks = true

  # Send deprecation notices to registered listeners.
  config.active_support.deprecation = :notify

  # Disable automatic flushing of the log to improve performance.
  # config.autoflush_log = false

  # Use default logging formatter so that PID and timestamp are not suppressed.
  config.log_formatter = ::Logger::Formatter.new

  config.paperclip_defaults = {
  :storage => :s3,
  :s3_credentials => {
    :bucket => ENV['S3_BUCKET_NAME'],
    :access_key_id => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    :secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
  }
}

end

Heroku配置：

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:          AKI********************
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:      Aiqpdg******************
DATABASE_URL:     **************************
HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_CYAN_URL: ***********************
KOIDEPLOY_TOKEN:            ********************
S3_BUCKET_NAME:             pylo*****

我的初始化程序 paperclip.rb ：

Paperclip::Attachment.default_options[:url] = ':s3_domain_url'
Paperclip::Attachment.default_options[:path] = '/:class/:attachment/:id_partition/:style/:filename'
Paperclip::Attachment.default_options[:s3_host_name] = 's3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com'

本地尝试时出现错误：

我可以上传图片，但当我提交时：

ArgumentError in PhotosController#create
missing required :bucket option


respond_to do |format|

在使用“heroku open”命令尝试访问互联网时出现错误：

我可以选择一个文件，但当我提交时：

We're sorry, but something went wrong.
If you are the application owner check the logs for more information.

请帮帮我：）

编辑： 在我的AWS S3账户上，我刚刚在欧洲区域创建了一个存储桶。 我成功地在Heroku上看到了我的网站，问题是上传。

我的照片模型：photo.rb：

class Photo < ActiveRecord::Base
has_attached_file :image
end

我的 show.erb.html 文件：

<% if @photo.image? %>
    <%= image_tag @photo.image.url %>

<% end %>

- Rabbit56

Answer 1

我之前也遇到过这个问题！

通过在模型本身中放置bucket变量来解决了这个问题（现场代码）：

 #app/models/image.rb
 has_attached_file :image,
                :styles => { :medium => "x300", :thumb => "x100" },
                :default_url => "**********",
                :storage => :s3,
                :bucket => '*****',
                :s3_credentials => S3_CREDENTIALS

 #config/application.rb
 config.paperclip_defaults = {
            :storage => :s3,
            :s3_host_name => 's3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com'
 }

 #config/initializers/s3.rb
 if Rails.env == "production"
     # set credentials from ENV hash
 S3_CREDENTIALS = { :access_key_id => ENV['S3_KEY'], :secret_access_key => ENV['S3_SECRET'], :bucket => "*****"}
 else
     # get credentials from YML file
     S3_CREDENTIALS = Rails.root.join("config/s3.yml")
 end

#config/application.yml ([figaro][1] gem)
S3_KEY: ********
S3_SECRET: **********

我们的 production.rb 文件中也有这个内容：

#app/environments/production.rb
config.action_controller.asset_host = "//#{ENV['FOG_DIRECTORY']}.s3.amazonaws.com"

ENV['FOG_DIRECTORY'] 是存储桶的名称，不同地区也有相应的名称。这里有一个非常好的资源（15个赞的答案...不是被采纳的答案），可以查看这个链接。

- Richard Peck

---

好的，我尝试一下，但是默认网址是什么？ - Rabbit56

default_url是如果它丢失的话。我们使用了一个演示用的，但你可以在那里放任何你想要的东西。S3凭证是常量。根据这个教程，你应该将你的详细信息存储在Heroku环境变量中，而我们只是将开发环境的详细信息放入本地的"s3.yml"文件中（我更新了答案以包括它）。 - Richard Peck

好的，看起来它能够工作，因为我可以在AWS S3上看到我的存储桶中的图片，但是当我提交图片时，我的展示页面只给我文件名，没有显示图片！（我编辑了我的问题以向您展示代码） - Rabbit56

可能听起来有些奇怪，但你能截取一下 show.html.erb 返回的内容吗？如果我们能看到它就太好了。 - Richard Peck

我刚刚编辑了它！这是当我上传一个名为555.png的文件时的结果。 - Rabbit56

Answer 2

尝试访问此网址。这将为您提供帮助。

http://www.peoplecancode.com/en/tutorials/uploading-images-on-heroku-saving-to-aws-s3-using-fog

- Mayank

Answer 3

你能贴出你的Photo类吗？

从日志中看到。

Paperclip::Error (Photo model missing required attr_accessor for 'image_file_name'):

在我看来，你的类上没有定义has_attached_file。

根据你提供的教程：

class Friend < ActiveRecord::Base
  # You will need to use attr_accessible if you are
  # using Rails config setting `whitelist_attributes = true`
  attr_accessible :avatar

  # This method associates the attribute ":avatar" with a file attachment
  has_attached_file :avatar, styles: {
    thumb: '100x100>',
    square: '200x200#',
    medium: '300x300>'
 }
end

如果您有这个（或类似的）问题，那么您可能需要进行迁移以在数据库中获取该列：

add_attachment :photos, :image

这将向您的photos表中添加正确的列。

有了has_attached_file和表上的列，我认为您不应该有任何（或至少是相同的）问题。

- jeffsaracco

---

我在我的照片模型中有has_attached_file：class Photo < ActiveRecord::Base has_attached_file :image end - Rabbit56

此外，当我想直接上传文件到本地数据库时，我的代码可以工作，但是当我想使用Heroku临时数据库或Amazon S3时，它就无法工作。 - Rabbit56