我是DirectX 11的新手，已经在我的书中完成了绘制三角形一章。我写了这段代码，但是运行时出现错误：“DirectX 11.exe中位于0x00cd14e6的未处理异常：0xc0000005：访问位置0x00000000时出现访问冲突。”我的编译器显示错误在InitPipeline函数中，但是我找不到错误所在。我做错了什么？ 代码：
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <D3DX11.h>
#include <D3DX10.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx10.lib")
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 800
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 600
IDXGISwapChain *swapchain;
ID3D11Device *dev;
ID3D11DeviceContext *devcon;
ID3D11InputLayout *pInputLayout;
ID3D11Buffer *pVBuffer;
ID3D11RenderTargetView *backbuffer;
ID3D11VertexShader *pVS;
ID3D11PixelShader *pPS;
// Type
struct VERTEX
{
FLOAT X,Y,Z;
D3DXCOLOR Color;
};
//DirectX
void InitPipeline()
{
// load and compile the two shaders
ID3D10Blob *VS, *PS;
D3DX11CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", 0, 0, "VShader", "vs_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS, 0, 0);
D3DX11CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", 0, 0, "PShader", "ps_5_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS, 0, 0);
//debug
if(!dev)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "DEV = NULL", "ERROR", NULL);
}
if(!devcon)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "DEVCON = NULL", "ERROR", NULL);
}
if(!VS)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "VS = NULL", "ERROR", NULL);
}
if(!PS)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "PS = NULL", "ERROR", NULL);
}
// encapsulate both shaders into shader objects
dev->CreateVertexShader(VS->GetBufferPointer(), VS->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &pVS);
dev->CreatePixelShader(PS->GetBufferPointer(), PS->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &pPS);
// set the shader objects
devcon->VSSetShader(pVS, 0, 0);
devcon->PSSetShader(pPS, 0, 0);
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC ied[] =
{
{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0},
{"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
};
dev->CreateInputLayout(ied, 2, VS->GetBufferPointer(), VS->GetBufferSize(), &pInputLayout);
devcon->IASetInputLayout(pInputLayout);
}
void InitGraphics()
{
VERTEX OurVertices[] =
{
{1,0,0,D3DXCOLOR(1,0,0,1)},
{0,-1,0,D3DXCOLOR(1,0,0,1)},
{0,0,1,D3DXCOLOR(1,0,0,1)},
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd;
ZeroMemory(&bd, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC));
bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(VERTEX)*3;
bd.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
dev->CreateBuffer(&bd, NULL, &pVBuffer);
D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE ms;
devcon->Map(pVBuffer, NULL, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, NULL, &ms);
memcpy(ms.pData, OurVertices, sizeof(OurVertices));
devcon->Unmap(pVBuffer, NULL);
}
void RenderFrame()
{
devcon->ClearRenderTargetView(backbuffer, D3DXCOLOR(0,0,1,1));
UINT stride = sizeof(VERTEX);
UINT offset = 0;
devcon->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &pVBuffer, &stride, &offset);
devcon->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
devcon->Draw(3,0);
swapchain->Present(0,0);
}
void InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
// create a struct to hold information about the swap chain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC scd;
// clear out the struct for use
ZeroMemory(&scd, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
// fill the swap chain description struct
scd.BufferCount = 1; // one back buffer
scd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; // use 32-bit color
scd.BufferDesc.Width = SCREEN_WIDTH; // set the back buffer width
scd.BufferDesc.Height = SCREEN_HEIGHT; // set the back buffer height
scd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; // how swap chain is to be used
scd.OutputWindow = hWnd; // the window to be used
scd.SampleDesc.Count = 4; // how many multisamples
scd.Windowed = TRUE; // windowed/full-screen mode
scd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH; // allow full-screen switching
// create a device, device context and swap chain using the information in the scd struct
if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&scd,
&swapchain,
&dev,
NULL,
&devcon)))
{
MessageBox(NULL, "D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain Failed", "ERROR", NULL);
}
// get the address of the back buffer
ID3D11Texture2D *pBackBuffer;
swapchain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (LPVOID*)&pBackBuffer);
// use the back buffer address to create the render target
dev->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, NULL, &backbuffer);
pBackBuffer->Release();
// set the render target as the back buffer
devcon->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &backbuffer, NULL);
// Set the viewport
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.Width = SCREEN_WIDTH;
viewport.Height = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
devcon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
InitPipeline();
InitGraphics();
}
void CleanD3D()
{
swapchain->SetFullscreenState(FALSE, NULL);
dev->Release();
devcon->Release();
swapchain->Release();
pInputLayout->Release();
pVBuffer->Release();
backbuffer->Release();
pVS->Release();
pPS->Release();
}
// Window
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, INT nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
WNDCLASSEX wc;
ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
//wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hIcon = (HICON)LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.lpszClassName = "DirectXWindow";
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
"DirectXWindow",
"DirectX 11 (June 2010",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0,0,
SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
InitD3D(hWnd);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg = {0};
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
{
RenderFrame();
}
}
CleanD3D();
return msg.wParam;
}