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在Ubuntu上使用pip安装NumPy失败

pythonubuntunumpypip
13

当我尝试执行以下操作：

$ sudo pip install numpy

在我的Ubuntu 12.04服务器上，我会得到以下信息：
------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/local/bin/pip run on Tue Dec 10 18:25:54 2013
Downloading/unpacking numpy

  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
  URLs to search for versions for numpy:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
  Analyzing links from page https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.4/n/numpy/numpy-1.0.1.dev3460.win32-py2.4.exe#md5=a55b13b1f141de2aa965d5c5554c4ad8 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=28ee6681b04beb5bfc4bc056417ff087 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.win32-py2.5-nosse.exe#md5=bfcb66706ebdece6a9680f79f2b643ca (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.win32-py2.5.exe#md5=539782c7311d4a3379f66a964159ef11 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    [ ...SNIP...]
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=a6b66602e72436db37e6edbbce269fdf (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=b98cc04b20347127e297a99b6114b514 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=1b12834a53d3ba543d41399c40b5b791 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.2/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.2.exe#md5=651465cacf107d254ddcefcebb47064d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=4f20740e7e9d31a9d4c1636a931bc3f9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Skipping link https://pypi.python.org/packages/3.3/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.win32-py3.3.exe#md5=6519c7bb198d0caf2913469883a63be9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/); unknown archive format: .exe
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.3.0.tar.gz#md5=3f7773ff0971a5ebb8591536d8ec7bd6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.3.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.4.1.tar.gz#md5=89b8a56e018b634f7d05c56f17bc4943 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.4.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.0.tar.gz#md5=3a8bfdc434df782d647161c48943ee09 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.5.1.tar.gz#md5=376ef150df41b5353944ab742145352d (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.5.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.tar.gz#md5=e0993c74cb8e83292e560eac1a9be8e9 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.0.zip#md5=f0ce7ea1a12b3b3480571980af243e48 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.tar.gz#md5=2bce18c08fc4fce461656f0f4dd9103e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.1.zip#md5=462c22b8eb221c78ddd51de98fbb5979 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.tar.gz#md5=95ed6c9dcc94af1fc1642ea2a33c1bba (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.6.2.zip#md5=7e13c931985f90efcfa0408f845d6fee (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.6.2
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.tar.gz#md5=4fa54e40b6a243416f0248123b6ec332 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.0.zip#md5=ca27913c59393940e880fab420f985b4 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.tar.gz#md5=0ab72b3b83528a7ae79c6df9042d61c6 (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.7.1.zip#md5=9a72db3cad7a6286c0d22ee43ad9bc6c (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.7.1
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
    Found link https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.zip#md5=6c918bb91c0cfa055b16b13850cfcd6e (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/), version: 1.8.0
  Using version 1.8.0 (newest of versions: 1.8.0, 1.8.0, 1.7.1, 1.7.1, 1.7.0, 1.7.0, 1.6.2, 1.6.2, 1.6.1, 1.6.1, 1.6.0, 1.6.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.0, 1.4.1, 1.3.0)
  Downloading from URL https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.8.0.tar.gz#md5=2a4b0423a758706d592abb6721ec8dcd (from https://pypi.python.org/simple/numpy/)
  Running setup.py egg_info for package numpy

    Running from numpy source directory.

    /bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found

    non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'

    F2PY Version 2

    blas_opt_info:

    blas_mkl_info:

      libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    openblas_info:

      libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    atlas_blas_threads_info:

    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS

      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    atlas_blas_info:

      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:

        Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.

        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting

        the ATLAS environment variable.

      warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

    blas_info:

      libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:

        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.

        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting

        the BLAS environment variable.

      warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

    blas_src_info:

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:

        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.

        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting

        the BLAS_SRC environment variable.

      warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found

    non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'

    lapack_opt_info:

    lapack_mkl_info:

    mkl_info:

      libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



      NOT AVAILABLE



    atlas_threads_info:

    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS

      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

      libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib

      libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib

    numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info

      NOT AVAILABLE



    atlas_info:

      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

      libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib

      libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib

    numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:

        Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.

        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting

        the ATLAS environment variable.

      warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

    lapack_info:

      libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:

        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.

        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting

        the LAPACK environment variable.

      warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)

    lapack_src_info:

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:

        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.

        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the

        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting

        the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.

      warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)

      NOT AVAILABLE



    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'

      warnings.warn(msg)

    running egg_info
    running build_src
    build_src

    building py_modules sources

    creating build
    creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy
    creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils
    building library "npymath" sources

    customize Gnu95FCompiler

    Could not locate executable gfortran

    Could not locate executable f95

    customize IntelFCompiler

    Could not locate executable ifort

    Could not locate executable ifc

    customize LaheyFCompiler

    Could not locate executable lf95

    customize PGroupFCompiler

    Could not locate executable pgfortran

    customize AbsoftFCompiler

    Could not locate executable f90

    Could not locate executable f77

    customize NAGFCompiler

    customize VastFCompiler

    customize CompaqFCompiler

    Could not locate executable fort

    customize IntelItaniumFCompiler

    Could not locate executable efort

    Could not locate executable efc

    customize IntelEM64TFCompiler

    customize GnuFCompiler

    Could not locate executable g77

    customize G95FCompiler

    Could not locate executable g95

    customize PathScaleFCompiler

    Could not locate executable pathf95

    don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'

    C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC



    compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'

    gcc: _configtest.c

    sh: 1: gcc: not found

    sh: 1: gcc: not found

    failure.

    removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o

    Traceback (most recent call last):

      File "<string>", line 16, in <module>

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in <module>

        setup_package()

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package

        configuration=configuration )

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup

        return old_setup(**new_attr)

      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup

        dist.run_commands()

      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands

        self.run_command(cmd)

      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command

        cmd_obj.run()

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run

        self.run_command("build_src")

      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command

        self.distribution.run_command(command)

      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command

        cmd_obj.run()

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run

        self.build_sources()

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources

        self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources

        sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))

      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources

        source = func(extension, build_dir)

      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info

        raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")

    RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program

    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:

    Running from numpy source directory.

/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found

non-existing path in 'numpy/distutils': 'site.cfg'

F2PY Version 2

blas_opt_info:

blas_mkl_info:

  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



openblas_info:

  libraries openblas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



atlas_blas_threads_info:

Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS

  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



atlas_blas_info:

  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1522: UserWarning:

    Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.

    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting

    the ATLAS environment variable.

  warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

blas_info:

  libraries blas not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1531: UserWarning:

    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.

    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting

    the BLAS environment variable.

  warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

blas_src_info:

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1534: UserWarning:

    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.

    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting

    the BLAS_SRC environment variable.

  warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)

  NOT AVAILABLE



/bin/sh: 1: svnversion: not found

non-existing path in 'numpy/lib': 'benchmarks'

lapack_opt_info:

lapack_mkl_info:

mkl_info:

  libraries mkl,vml,guide not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



  NOT AVAILABLE



atlas_threads_info:

Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS

  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

  libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib

  libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib

numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info

  NOT AVAILABLE



atlas_info:

  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

  libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/local/lib

  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in /usr/lib

  libraries lapack_atlas not found in /usr/lib

numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1428: UserWarning:

    Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.

    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by setting

    the ATLAS environment variable.

  warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)

lapack_info:

  libraries lapack not found in ['/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib']

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1439: UserWarning:

    Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.

    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting

    the LAPACK environment variable.

  warnings.warn(LapackNotFoundError.__doc__)

lapack_src_info:

  NOT AVAILABLE



/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/system_info.py:1442: UserWarning:

    Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.

    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the

    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting

    the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.

  warnings.warn(LapackSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)

  NOT AVAILABLE



/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'

  warnings.warn(msg)

running egg_info

running build_src

build_src

building py_modules sources

creating build

creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7

creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy

creating build/src.linux-x86_64-2.7/numpy/distutils

building library "npymath" sources

customize Gnu95FCompiler

Could not locate executable gfortran

Could not locate executable f95

customize IntelFCompiler

Could not locate executable ifort

Could not locate executable ifc

customize LaheyFCompiler

Could not locate executable lf95

customize PGroupFCompiler

Could not locate executable pgfortran

customize AbsoftFCompiler

Could not locate executable f90

Could not locate executable f77

customize NAGFCompiler

customize VastFCompiler

customize CompaqFCompiler

Could not locate executable fort

customize IntelItaniumFCompiler

Could not locate executable efort

Could not locate executable efc

customize IntelEM64TFCompiler

customize GnuFCompiler

Could not locate executable g77

customize G95FCompiler

Could not locate executable g95

customize PathScaleFCompiler

Could not locate executable pathf95

don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'

C compiler: gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC



compile options: '-Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -Inumpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c'

gcc: _configtest.c

sh: 1: gcc: not found

sh: 1: gcc: not found

failure.

removing: _configtest.c _configtest.o

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<string>", line 16, in <module>

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 192, in <module>

    setup_package()

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/setup.py", line 185, in setup_package

    configuration=configuration )

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup

    return old_setup(**new_attr)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup

    dist.run_commands()

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands

    self.run_command(cmd)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command

    cmd_obj.run()

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/egg_info.py", line 10, in run

    self.run_command("build_src")

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command

    self.distribution.run_command(command)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command

    cmd_obj.run()

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 153, in run

    self.build_sources()

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 164, in build_sources

    self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 299, in build_library_sources

    sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 386, in generate_sources

    source = func(extension, build_dir)

  File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 674, in get_mathlib_info

    raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")

RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

  Removing temporary dir /tmp/pip_build_root...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy

Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 134, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 236, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1134, in prepare_files
    req_to_install.run_egg_info()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 259, in run_egg_info
    command_desc='python setup.py egg_info')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/util.py", line 670, in call_subprocess
    % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/numpy

我不知道该怎么修复这个问题。最终我将能够在一个requirements.txt文件中放置所有需要的依赖项，以便我可以在一个virtualenv中安装依赖项。考虑到这一点，我更喜欢使用pip而不是apt-get或从源代码安装的解决方案。

你为什么更喜欢使用 pip 呢？apt-get 是专门为你的系统量身定制的，因此安装最适合环境/操作系统的版本。 - user707650
1
@JamesMills 我不同意 - 我发现NumPy的构建说明文档质量较差且不一致。 - YXD
@MrE 对不起，这与我的经验完全不符。也许这些年来我做得太多了。 - James Mills
@JamesMills 没问题 :) - YXD
2
@Evert 我更喜欢使用 pip，这样我可以将项目所需的所有依赖项（包括版本）都包含在一个文本文件 requirements.txt 中，以便项目的源代码提供了部署所需的一切，并且是标准化的。 - Eric Wilson
在远程的14.04服务器上遇到了同样的问题，通过apt-get安装python-dev解决了它。 - HaPsantran
5个回答
25

似乎您的系统没有安装 gcc。

请使用以下命令安装构建工具：

apt-get install build-essential python-dev
9

pip无法为您安装必要的编译器。

如果您只需要numpy，并且不需要通过pip安装，请使用：

sudo apt-get install python-numpy

针对Python 3版本的软件包版本：

sudo apt-get install python3-numpy

您将获得所有必要的内容（例如python-dev），请放心使用。

1
这就是拥有服务器的全部意义（这是12.04服务器，如果我没记错的话是LTS）：由于Python、numpy等的开发速度，它可能会过时，但作为一个完整的系统，它应该非常稳定。手动升级软件包可以起到一定作用，但到了某个程度，事情可能会迅速崩溃。 - user707650
8

这些软件包中有一些可能不是必需的（没有时间详细检查），但在我的安装NumPy栈的设置脚本中，我首先安装以下Ubuntu软件包：

- build-essential
- gfortran
- libatlas-base-dev
- libatlas3gf-base
- python-dev
- libjpeg-dev
- libxml2-dev
- libfreetype6-dev
- libpng-dev

否则，您可以使用Anaconda Python发行版，它非常好用。
0
如果您无法访问互联网，则可以尝试手动下载其依赖项，例如intel_Openmp、MKL、MKL_include和MKL-devel，然后再安装numpy。
0

我曾经遇到过几乎相同类型的错误，但是通过使用虚拟环境解决了它。有许多环境可供选择，但我个人建议使用venv。

使用venv，我能够轻松地摆脱这些错误。

这是因为使用sudo在操作系统上加载所有库不是适当的做法。你的操作系统会变得臃肿并产生不必要的错误。

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