使用grep命令匹配以某个单词开头、以某个单词结尾或包含某个单词的正则表达式。

Question

我需要提取文本块（在Start和End两个词之间），包含一个其他词（id）。

例如：

2014-07-01 13:26:07,760 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,762 id: 456456454
2014-07-01 13:26:07,763 other
2014-07-01 13:26:07,764 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,764 aaaaaaaa
2014-07-01 13:26:07,764 bbbbbbbb
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 id: 876542
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 other
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 aaaaaaaa
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 bbbbbbbb
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 id: 54654
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,769 End

对于id = 930939023，输出为：

2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 End

- user3798244

Answer 1

以下是使用sed的选项：

sed -n '/Start/{:a;/End/!{N;ba};/930939023/!d;p}' file

说明：

sed -n '                  # Suppress default printing
    /Start/ {             # When line contains Start
        :a;               # Create a label a for loop
        /End/! {          # Until a line with End is seen
            N;            # Append the next line to pattern space
            ba            # Go back to label a and repeat
        }
        /930939023/!d;    # If the appended line contains does not contain id, delete it
        p                 # Else print it
 }' file

- jaypal singh

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+1 非常厉害的 sed-fu — 我总有一天要学会这些工具。 :) - zx81

Answer 2

你可以使用 awk。由于脚本会变得更加复杂，建议将其存储在文件中：

extract.awk:

# Set flag if id was found
/id: 930939023/{f=1}

# On "Start" clear the buffer, reset buffer index i and reset flag
/Start/{b=$0;f=0;next}

# On "End", if the flag was set print the buffer
/End/{
    if(f){
        print b
        print
    }
}

# Append all other lines to buffer
# (Lines between start end will get cleared on next "Start")
{b=b"\n"$0}

"...并像这样执行它："

awk -f extract.awk file

输出：

2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 End

- hek2mgl

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有没有办法在命令中包含“开始/结束”这些词？这些块可能有100行。 - user3798244

@hek2mgl awk 可以做到这一点。 - Avinash Raj

谢谢你的帮助！ :) - user3798244

Answer 3

您可以尝试以下awk命令，

$ awk '/Start/ {f=1} /End/ {print;f=0;}f' file | awk -v RS="End" -v ORS="End" '/930939023/'
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,765 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,766 End
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 Start
2014-07-01 13:26:07,767 id: 930939023
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 something
2014-07-01 13:26:07,768 End

- Avinash Raj

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感谢您的帮助 :) - user3798244