Matplotlib中的3D绘图：如何隐藏坐标轴但保留坐标轴标签？

Question

我正在使用Matplotlib可视化三维数组。除了一个小问题，我已经接近自己想要的效果......请看下面的插图和描述，了解我能够实现什么以及我想要它做什么......

1. 显示一堆带标签的立方体，但还有其他东西。
2. 显示一堆立方体，但没有轴标签。
3. 这就是我想要的，但我无法做到......我想展示一堆带轴标签的立方体，但没有其他东西。

希望你们可以帮帮我:) 请参见下面的源代码。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
import numpy as np
rcParams['axes.labelsize'] = 14
rcParams['axes.titlesize'] = 16
rcParams['xtick.labelsize'] = 14
rcParams['ytick.labelsize'] = 14
rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 14
rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
rcParams['font.serif'] = ['Computer Modern Roman']
rcParams['text.usetex'] = True
rcParams['grid.alpha'] = 0.0

def make_cube():
    """ A Cube consists of a bunch of planes..."""

    planes = {
        "top"    : ( [[0,1],[0,1]], [[0,0],[1,1]], [[1,1],[1,1]] ),
        "bottom" : ( [[0,1],[0,1]], [[0,0],[1,1]], [[0,0],[0,0]] ),
        "left"   : ( [[0,0],[0,0]], [[0,1],[0,1]], [[0,0],[1,1]] ),
        "right"  : ( [[1,1],[1,1]], [[0,1],[0,1]], [[0,0],[1,1]] ),
        "front"  : ( [[0,1],[0,1]], [[0,0],[0,0]], [[0,0],[1,1]] ),
        "back"   : ( [[0,1],[0,1]], [[1,1],[1,1]], [[0,0],[1,1]] )
    }
    return planes

def render_array(ary, highlight):
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

    cube = make_cube()

    for space in xrange(0, ary.shape[0]):
        for column in xrange(0, ary.shape[1]):
            for row in xrange(0, ary.shape[2]):
                alpha = 0.01
                if highlight[space,column,row] == 1:
                    alpha = 1
                for side in cube:
                    (Xs, Ys, Zs) = (
                        np.asarray(cube[side][0])+space+space*0.2,
                        np.asarray(cube[side][2])+row+row*0.2,
                        np.asarray(cube[side][3])+column+column*0.2
                    )
                    ax.plot_surface(Xs, Ys, Zs, rstride=1, cstride=1, alpha=alpha)

    highest = 0                         # Make it look cubic
    for size in ary.shape:
        if size > highest:
            highest = size
    ax.set_xlim((0,highest))
    ax.set_ylim((0,highest))
    ax.set_zlim((0,highest))


    ax.set_xlabel('Third dimension' )   # Meant to visualize ROW-MAJOR ordering 
    ax.set_ylabel('Row(s)')
    ax.set_zlabel('Column(s)')

    #plt.axis('off')    # This also removes the axis labels... i want those...
    #ax.set_axis_off()  # this removes too much (also the labels)

    # So I try this instead...
    ax.set_xticks([])          # removes the ticks... great now the rest of it
    ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.set_zticks([])
    #ax.grid(False)             # this does nothing....
    #ax.set_frame_on(False)     # this does nothing....
    plt.show()

def main():

    subject = np.ones((3,4,3))

    highlight = np.zeros(subject.shape) # Highlight a row
    highlight[1,1,:] = 1

    render_array(subject, highlight)    # Show it

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

更新, 感谢回答，这是我所缺少的内容：

# Get rid of the panes                          
ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)) 
ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)) 
ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)) 

# Get rid of the spines                         
ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)) 
ax.w_yaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)) 
ax.w_zaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

这将与以下内容一起：

# Get rid of the ticks                          
ax.set_xticks([])                               
ax.set_yticks([])                               
ax.set_zticks([])

仅显示标签，如图3所示。

更新

我已经清理并使代码可用，并在此处提供： https://github.com/safl/ndarray_plot

同时还提供了几个其他示例： http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/safl/ndarray_plot/blob/master/nb/ndap.ipynb

- safl

---

只是想提醒您，明确地包含一个非常不寻常（也就是很酷）的使用案例会在以后对其他人非常有帮助！ - uhoh

Answer 1

我尝试运行您的代码，但它在我的电脑上无法工作。

下面是绘制球体的解决方案。基本上，我手动将平面和轴线的颜色设置为 alpha=0，并将刻度设置为空列表（正如您指出的那样）。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams
import numpy as np
rcParams['axes.labelsize'] = 18
rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
rcParams['font.serif'] = ['Computer Modern Roman']
rcParams['text.usetex'] = True

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100)

x = 10 * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
y = 10 * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
z = 10 * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))
ax.plot_surface(x, y, z,  rstride=4, cstride=4, color='b')

# Get rid of the panes
ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# Get rid of the spines
ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_yaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))
ax.w_zaxis.line.set_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0))

# Get rid of the ticks
ax.set_xticks([]) 
ax.set_yticks([]) 
ax.set_zticks([])

# Add the labels
ax.set_xlabel('Third dimension' )
ax.set_ylabel('Row(s)')
ax.set_zlabel('Column(s)')
plt.show()

这是我的输出结果

- nicoguaro

---

感谢 @nicoguaro，我找到了遗漏的部分：“ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color”和“ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color”。 - safl

没问题。你能修复你的代码吗？我对运行它很感兴趣...也许我以后可以用它来可视化张量。 - nicoguaro

我已经整理好并在这里提供了：https://github.com/safl/ndarray_plot。 - safl