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使用Robolectric 3.0测试Fragments

androidandroid-fragmentsjunitrobolectric
5

我有两个片段附加在一个活动中。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    LoginFragment loginFragment = new LoginFragment();
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction =    
    fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    fragmentTransaction.add(android.R.id.content,loginFragment);
    fragmentTransaction.commit();
  }

   public void userReg(View view){
    RegisterFragment regFragment = new RegisterFragment();
    FragmentManager fragmentManager1 = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction1 = 
    fragmentManager1.beginTransaction();
    fragmentTransaction1.addToBackStack("added");
    fragmentTransaction1.replace(android.R.id.content,regFragment);
    fragmentTransaction1.commit();
   }

}

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class,sdk = 21)

public class MainActivityTest {
MainActivity activity;
@Before
public void setUp(){
      activity= Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);
}

@Test
public void shouldNotBeNull(){
    assertNotNull(activity);
    LoginFragment loginFragment = new LoginFragment();
    startFragment(loginFragment);
    assertNotNull(loginFragment);
   }

 @Test
public void loginFragmentShouldNotBeNull(){
    RegisterFragment registerFragment = new RegisterFragment();
    startFragment(registerFragment);
    assertNotNull(registerFragment);

   }
   @Test
   public void registerFragmentShouldNotBeNull(){
    RegisterFragment registerFragment = new RegisterFragment();
    startFragment(registerFragment);
    assertNotNull(registerFragment);

   }
 }

这些代码行出现问题

        startFragment(loginFragment);
        startFragment(registerFragment);

两个 fragment 中都出现了无法应用 startFragment(android.app.Fragment) 的错误提示。

对于这两个 fragment，我都导入了

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;

这就是问题的原因。我本可以通过使用固定的片段来解决这个问题，但是如何使用动态片段呢？

有什么想法吗？

谢谢。

编辑

上述错误已经修复。我只是添加了

import static org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment;

然而，当我运行测试时，我收到了另一个异常。
java.lang.ClassCastException: org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil$FragmentUtilActivity cannot be cast to android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity

at fragments.LoginFragment.onCreateView(LoginFragment.java:64)
at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.performCreateView(Fragment.java:2074)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1104)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1286)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.run(BackStackRecord.java:758)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.execPendingActions(FragmentManager.java:1671)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl$1.run(FragmentManager.java:532)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.dispatchMessage(ShadowMessageQueue.java:144)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.access$100(ShadowMessageQueue.java:30)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue$1.run(ShadowMessageQueue.java:105)
at org.robolectric.util.Scheduler.runOrQueueRunnable(Scheduler.java:293)
at org.robolectric.util.Scheduler.postDelayed(Scheduler.java:143)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.enqueueMessage(ShadowMessageQueue.java:126)
at android.os.MessageQueue.enqueueMessage(MessageQueue.java)
at android.os.Handler.enqueueMessage(Handler.java:631)
at android.os.Handler.sendMessageAtTime(Handler.java:600)
at android.os.Handler.sendMessageDelayed(Handler.java:570)
at android.os.Handler.post(Handler.java:326)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.enqueueAction(FragmentManager.java:1557)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.commitInternal(BackStackRecord.java:654)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.commit(BackStackRecord.java:621)
at org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment(SupportFragmentTestUtil.java:17)
at team.football.ael.MainActivityTest.loginFragmentShouldNotBeNull(MainActivityTest.java:34)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$HelperTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:527)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:265)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:191)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:56)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:157)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)



java.lang.ClassCastException: 

org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.
SupportFragmentTestUtil$FragmentUtilActivity 
cannot be cast to android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity

at fragments.RegisterFragment.onCreateView(RegisterFragment.java:54)
at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.performCreateView(Fragment.java:2074)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1104)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1286)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.run(BackStackRecord.java:758)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.execPendingActions(FragmentManager.java:1671)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl$1.run(FragmentManager.java:532)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.dispatchMessage(ShadowMessageQueue.java:144)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.access$100(ShadowMessageQueue.java:30)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue$1.run(ShadowMessageQueue.java:105)
at org.robolectric.util.Scheduler.runOrQueueRunnable(Scheduler.java:293)
at org.robolectric.util.Scheduler.postDelayed(Scheduler.java:143)
at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowMessageQueue.enqueueMessage(ShadowMessageQueue.java:126)
at android.os.MessageQueue.enqueueMessage(MessageQueue.java)
at android.os.Handler.enqueueMessage(Handler.java:631)
at android.os.Handler.sendMessageAtTime(Handler.java:600)
at android.os.Handler.sendMessageDelayed(Handler.java:570)
at android.os.Handler.post(Handler.java:326)
at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.enqueueAction(FragmentManager.java:1557)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.commitInternal(BackStackRecord.java:654)
at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.commit(BackStackRecord.java:621)
at org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment(SupportFragmentTestUtil.java:17)
at team.football.ael.MainActivityTest.registerFragmentShouldNotBeNull(MainActivityTest.java:41)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$HelperTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:527)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:265)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:191)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:56)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:157)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)

编辑2

以下是我的RegisterFragment。

public class RegisterFragment extends Fragment {
private SessionManager session;
EditText etEmail, etUsername, etPassword,etConfirmPassword;
String email, userName, userPass,confirmPassword;
Button registerButton;

public RegisterFragment() {
    // Required empty public constructor
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // Inflate the layout for this fragment
    View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_register, container, false);
    Toolbar myToolbar = (Toolbar) v.findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    ((AppCompatActivity)getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(myToolbar);
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);


    etEmail = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.name);
    etUsername = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.user_name);
    etPassword = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.user_pass);
    etConfirmPassword = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.confirm_pass);
    registerButton = (Button)v.findViewById(R.id.registerBtn);
    // Session manager
    // Session manager
    session = new SessionManager(getActivity());

    if (session.isLoggedIn()) {
        // User ites already logged in. Take him to main activity
        Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), Welcome.class);
        startActivity(intent);

    }
    registerButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            email = etEmail.getText().toString();
            userName = etUsername.getText().toString();
            userPass = etPassword.getText().toString();
            confirmPassword = etConfirmPassword.getText().toString();

            if(userPass.equals(confirmPassword)){

                registerUser(email, userName, userPass, confirmPassword);

            }else{

                Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Passwords don't match",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    });

    return v;
}
private void registerUser(final String email, final String userName,
                          final String password,final String confirmPassword) {
    // Tag used to cancel the request

    //HttpsTrustManager.sssMethod();
    String tag_string_req = "req_register";


    StringRequest strReq = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST,
            Config.URL_REGISTER, new Response.Listener<String>() {

        @Override
        public void onResponse(String response) {
            Log.d("Response", "Register Response: " + response.toString());

            try {
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(response);
                if (jsonObject.getString("result").equals("success")) {



                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(),jsonObject.getString("message"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    SharedPreferences settings = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getActivity());
                    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = settings.edit();
                    editor.putString("id","");
                    editor.putString("email", email);
                    editor.putString("user_name", userName);
                    editor.putString("user_pass", password);
                    editor.putString("confirm_pass", confirmPassword);


                }

                else if (jsonObject.getString("result").equals("fail")) {

                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(),jsonObject.getString("message"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                }

            }catch(JSONException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


        }


    }, new Response.ErrorListener() {

        @Override
        public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
            Log.e("Error", "Registration Error: " + error.getMessage());
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
                    error.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }
    }) {

        @Override
        protected Map<String, String> getParams() {
            // Posting params to register url
            Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
            params.put("id","");
            params.put("email", email);
            params.put("user_name", userName);
            params.put("user_pass", password);
            params.put("confirm_pass", confirmPassword);
            return params;
        }

    };

    // Adding request to request queue
    AppController.getInstance().addToRequestQueue(strReq, tag_string_req);
   }

}

2个回答
6

您的碎片继承自“支持片段”（来自Android支持库），但是您的startFragment()函数需要普通的碎片。您可以使用SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment(fragment, activityClass)

支持库允许在尚未支持片段的API级别上使用片段。如果您的应用程序预计在API 11及以上（Android 3）上运行-您可以直接从android.app.Fragment派生您的片段。

1
java.lang.ClassCastException: org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil$FragmentUtilActivity无法转换为android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity。 - Theo
需要查看堆栈跟踪。 - Denis Itskovich
异常是从你的代码中的RegisterFragment抛出的。看起来你试图将活动实例转换为AppCompatActivity。Robolectric为片段测试创建了自己的活动，该活动不派生自AppCompatActivity。 - Denis Itskovich
在注册片段中，我像这样导入工具栏 ((AppCompatActivity)getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(myToolbar);。 - Theo
我认为无论如何，最好重构代码，使Fragment不会假设包含Activity的任何内容。您为什么要从片段而不是从活动本身设置工具栏？我认为让片段负责活动的工具栏不是一个好主意。 - Denis Itskovich
显示剩余3条评论
1

有点晚了，但对于其他人来说，这对androidx.fragment.app.Fragment和robolectric 4有效：

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
class YourFragmentTest {

    lateinit var yourFragment: YourFragment

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        val activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(FragmentActivity::class.java)
            .create()
            .start()
            .resume()
            .get()

        yourFragment = YourFragment()
        activity.supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction().apply {
            add(yourFragment, "YourFragment")
            commit()
        }
    }

    @Test
    fun testYourMethod() {
        assertTrue(yourFragment.YourMethod())
        ....
    }
}
如果您无法访问Activity（例如：多模块项目，我想测试我的Fragment，但使用类似Espresso的launchFragmentInContainer<>()的虚拟Activity），那么是否有任何方法可以在Robolectric中实现？ - Skizo-ozᴉʞS ツ
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