微软HTTP服务器API - 使用SSL，如何要求客户端证书？

Question

我目前正在使用 Microsoft HTTP Server API 版本 2.0 实现一个小型 HTTP 服务器（http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364510(v=vs.85).aspx）。我需要在服务器端启用 HTTPS，并要求客户端证书验证。即使客户端请求到来，我需要能够进行双向认证（服务端认证客户端，客户端认证服务端），并且它们应该通过 SSL 进行通信。

目前为止，我已经成功启用了服务器端的 SSL，因此可以通过安全连接访问 {https://127.0.0.1:9999/hello} 网站，向服务器发出请求并接收响应，但我还无法打开需要客户端证书验证的功能（并验证它）。

在我的应用程序代码中，我表示我正在监听“{https://127.0.0.1:9999/hello}”URL（这是我添加到 URL 组的 URL），然后我使用 netsh.exe 工具将 9999 端口绑定到 SSL：

C:\>netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:9999 certhash=e515b6512e92f4663252eac72c28a784f2d78c6 appid={2C565242-B238-11D3-442D-0008C779D776} clientcertnegotiation=enable

我不确定这个"clientcertnegotiation=enable"应该做什么，文档说它应该"打开证书协商"。所以现在我在我的HTTP服务器代码中添加了一个额外的函数调用：

  DWORD answer = 0;
  HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO sslClientCertInfo;
  ULONG bytesReceived;
  answer = HttpReceiveClientCertificate(hReqQueue, pRequest->ConnectionId, 0,
      &sslClientCertInfo, sizeof( HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO ), &bytesReceived, NULL );

我明白现在应该提示客户端使用证书，但这并没有起作用（我可能做错了什么，这就是我写下问题的原因）。“answer”的值为1168（ERROR_NOT_FOUND）。我正在使用Firefox浏览器作为客户端，并在其中添加了一张证书：工具->选项->查看证书->导入，因此Firefox可能应该使用那张证书或者提示一些证书，但我怀疑Firefox根本没有收到服务器请求客户端证书的请求。

无论如何，在哪个时候HTTP服务器都应该要求客户端证书呢？我认为它应该在收到请求后立即进行。为了演示我正在做什么，我正在使用Microsoft的HTTP Server示例应用程序代码（http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364640(v=vs.85).aspx），稍作修改:

#include "precomp.h"
#include <iostream>

//
// Macros.
//
#define INITIALIZE_HTTP_RESPONSE( resp, status, reason )    \
do                                                      \
{                                                       \
    RtlZeroMemory( (resp), sizeof(*(resp)) );           \
    (resp)->StatusCode = (status);                      \
    (resp)->pReason = (reason);                         \
    (resp)->ReasonLength = (USHORT) strlen(reason);     \
} while (FALSE)

#define ADD_KNOWN_HEADER(Response, HeaderId, RawValue)               \
do                                                               \
{                                                                \
    (Response).Headers.KnownHeaders[(HeaderId)].pRawValue =      \
                                                      (RawValue);\
    (Response).Headers.KnownHeaders[(HeaderId)].RawValueLength = \
        (USHORT) strlen(RawValue);                               \
} while(FALSE)

#define ALLOC_MEM(cb) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (cb))

#define FREE_MEM(ptr) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (ptr))

//
// Prototypes.
//
DWORD DoReceiveRequests(HANDLE hReqQueue);

DWORD SendHttpResponse(HANDLE hReqQueue, PHTTP_REQUEST pRequest, USHORT StatusCode, PSTR pReason, PSTR pEntity);

DWORD SendHttpPostResponse(HANDLE hReqQueue, PHTTP_REQUEST pRequest);

/*******************************************************************++

Routine Description:
main routine

Arguments:
argc - # of command line arguments.
argv - Arguments.

Return Value:
Success/Failure

--*******************************************************************/
int __cdecl wmain(int argc, wchar_t * argv[])
{
ULONG           retCode;
HANDLE          hReqQueue      = NULL;  //request queue handle
int             UrlAdded       = 0;
HTTPAPI_VERSION HttpApiVersion = HTTPAPI_VERSION_2;


retCode = HttpInitialize( 
            HttpApiVersion,
            HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER ,
            NULL                     
            );

if (retCode == NO_ERROR)
{
  // If intialize succeeded, create server session
  HTTP_SERVER_SESSION_ID serverSessionId = NULL;
  retCode = HttpCreateServerSession(HttpApiVersion, &serverSessionId, 0);
  if (retCode == NO_ERROR)
  {
    // server session creation succeeded

    //create request queue
    retCode = HttpCreateRequestQueue(HttpApiVersion, NULL, NULL, 0, &hReqQueue);
    if (retCode == NO_ERROR)
    {
      //create the URL group
      HTTP_URL_GROUP_ID urlGroupId = NULL;
      retCode = HttpCreateUrlGroup(serverSessionId, &urlGroupId, 0);
      if (retCode == NO_ERROR) 
      {
        retCode = HttpAddUrlToUrlGroup(urlGroupId, L"https://127.0.0.1:9999/hello", 0, 0);
        if (retCode == NO_ERROR)
        {
          //Set url group properties 

          //First let's set the binding property:
          HTTP_BINDING_INFO bindingInfo;
          bindingInfo.RequestQueueHandle = hReqQueue;
          HTTP_PROPERTY_FLAGS propertyFlags;
          propertyFlags.Present = 1;
          bindingInfo.Flags = propertyFlags;
          retCode = HttpSetUrlGroupProperty(
                    urlGroupId,
                    HttpServerBindingProperty,
                    &bindingInfo,
                        sizeof( HTTP_BINDING_INFO ));


          DoReceiveRequests(hReqQueue);
        }

        HttpCloseUrlGroup(urlGroupId);
      }//if HttpCreateUrlGroup succeeded

      HttpCloseRequestQueue(hReqQueue);
    }//if HttpCreateRequestQueue succeeded


    HttpCloseServerSession(serverSessionId);        
  } // if HttpCreateServerSession succeeded

  HttpTerminate(HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER, NULL);
}// if httpInialize succeeded

return retCode;

}//main


/*******************************************************************++

Routine Description:
The function to receive a request. This function calls the  
corresponding function to handle the response.

Arguments:
hReqQueue - Handle to the request queue

Return Value:
Success/Failure.

--*******************************************************************/
DWORD DoReceiveRequests(IN HANDLE hReqQueue)
{
ULONG              result;
HTTP_REQUEST_ID    requestId;
DWORD              bytesRead;
PHTTP_REQUEST      pRequest;
PCHAR              pRequestBuffer;
ULONG              RequestBufferLength;

//
// Allocate a 2 KB buffer. This size should work for most 
// requests. The buffer size can be increased if required. Space
// is also required for an HTTP_REQUEST structure.
//
RequestBufferLength = sizeof(HTTP_REQUEST) + 2048;
pRequestBuffer      = (PCHAR) ALLOC_MEM( RequestBufferLength );

if (pRequestBuffer == NULL)
{
    return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
}

pRequest = (PHTTP_REQUEST)pRequestBuffer;

//
// Wait for a new request. This is indicated by a NULL 
// request ID.
//

HTTP_SET_NULL_ID( &requestId );

for(;;)
{
    RtlZeroMemory(pRequest, RequestBufferLength);

    result = HttpReceiveHttpRequest(
                hReqQueue,          // Req Queue
                requestId,          // Req ID
                0,                  // Flags
                pRequest,           // HTTP request buffer
                RequestBufferLength,// req buffer length
                &bytesRead,         // bytes received
                NULL                // LPOVERLAPPED
                );
          if(NO_ERROR == result)
    {

        DWORD answer = 0;
        HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO sslClientCertInfo;
        ULONG bytesReceived;
        answer = HttpReceiveClientCertificate(hReqQueue, pRequest->ConnectionId, 0,
                &sslClientCertInfo, sizeof( HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO ), &bytesReceived, NULL );


        if (answer != NO_ERROR)
        {
          result = SendHttpResponse(hReqQueue, pRequest, 401, "Unauthorized request", "Unauthorized request");
        }
        else
        {
          result = SendHttpResponse(hReqQueue, pRequest, 200, "OK", "OK");
        }

        if (result != NO_ERROR)
        {
          break; //if failed to send response, stop listening for further incoming requests
        }
        //
        // Reset the Request ID to handle the next request.
        //
        HTTP_SET_NULL_ID( &requestId );
    }
    else
    {
        break;
    }

}
if(pRequestBuffer)
{
    FREE_MEM( pRequestBuffer );
}

return result;
}



/*******************************************************************++

Routine Description:
The routine sends a HTTP response

Arguments:
hReqQueue     - Handle to the request queue
pRequest      - The parsed HTTP request
StatusCode    - Response Status Code
pReason       - Response reason phrase
pEntityString - Response entity body

Return Value:
Success/Failure.
--*******************************************************************/

DWORD SendHttpResponse(
IN HANDLE        hReqQueue,
IN PHTTP_REQUEST pRequest,
IN USHORT        StatusCode,
IN PSTR          pReason,
IN PSTR          pEntityString
)
{
HTTP_RESPONSE   response;
HTTP_DATA_CHUNK dataChunk;
DWORD           result;
DWORD           bytesSent;


INITIALIZE_HTTP_RESPONSE(&response, StatusCode, pReason);
ADD_KNOWN_HEADER(response, HttpHeaderContentType, "text/html");


if(pEntityString)
{
    // 
    // Add an entity chunk.
    //
    dataChunk.DataChunkType           = HttpDataChunkFromMemory;
    dataChunk.FromMemory.pBuffer      = pEntityString;
    dataChunk.FromMemory.BufferLength = 
                                   (ULONG) strlen(pEntityString);

    response.EntityChunkCount         = 1;
    response.pEntityChunks            = &dataChunk;
}

result = HttpSendHttpResponse(
                hReqQueue,           // ReqQueueHandle
                pRequest->RequestId, // Request ID
                0,                   // Flags
                &response,           // HTTP response
                NULL,                // pReserved1
                &bytesSent,          // bytes sent  (OPTIONAL)
                NULL,                // pReserved2  (must be NULL)
                0,                   // Reserved3   (must be 0)
                NULL,                // LPOVERLAPPED(OPTIONAL)
                NULL                 // pReserved4  (must be NULL)
                ); 

if(result != NO_ERROR)
{
    wprintf(L"HttpSendHttpResponse failed with %lu \n", result);
}

return result;
}

我的问题是，我如何启用需要客户端证书的功能，以及一旦我收到证书后如何验证证书（当前示例代码仅尝试从客户端接收证书，验证部分缺失）？我在互联网上真的没有找到使用 Microsoft HTTP Server API 并要求客户端证书的示例。

提前谢谢大家。

- liismai

---

你好liismai，你有取得任何进展吗？祝好，Manuel。 - Manuel

Answer 1

HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_PARAM结构体最终传递给HttpSetServiceConfiguration，用于启用客户端证书协商(通过HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_FLAG_NEGOTIATE_CLIENT_CERT标志)和默认验证步骤(通过DefaultCertCheckMode)。

您可以通过调用HttpReceiveClientCertificate来检索证书以进行额外的手动验证。

有一些较好的示例，但大多数似乎都是从.net调用。在p/Invoke页面上显示了一个示例配置，去除了.net的开销，留给读者自行处理。

HTTPAPI_VERSION httpApiVersion = new HTTPAPI_VERSION(1, 0);
retVal = HttpInitialize(httpApiVersion, HTTP_INITIALIZE_CONFIG, IntPtr.Zero);
if ((uint)NOERROR == retVal)
{
HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_SET configSslSet = new HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_SET();
HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_KEY httpServiceConfigSslKey = new HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_KEY();
HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_PARAM configSslParam = new HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_PARAM();

IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipAddress);

IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);
// serialize the endpoint to a SocketAddress and create an array to hold the values.  Pin the array.
SocketAddress socketAddress = ipEndPoint.Serialize();
byte[] socketBytes = new byte[socketAddress.Size];
GCHandle handleSocketAddress = GCHandle.Alloc(socketBytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
// Should copy the first 16 bytes (the SocketAddress has a 32 byte buffer, the size will only be 16,
//which is what the SOCKADDR accepts
for (int i = 0; i < socketAddress.Size; ++i)
{
    socketBytes[i] = socketAddress[i];
}

httpServiceConfigSslKey.pIpPort = handleSocketAddress.AddrOfPinnedObject();

GCHandle handleHash = GCHandle.Alloc(hash, GCHandleType.Pinned);
configSslParam.AppId = Guid.NewGuid();
configSslParam.DefaultCertCheckMode = 0;
configSslParam.DefaultFlags = HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_FLAG_NEGOTIATE_CLIENT_CERT;
configSslParam.DefaultRevocationFreshnessTime = 0;
configSslParam.DefaultRevocationUrlRetrievalTimeout = 0;
configSslParam.pSslCertStoreName = StoreName.My.ToString();
configSslParam.pSslHash = handleHash.AddrOfPinnedObject(); 
configSslParam.SslHashLength = hash.Length;
configSslSet.ParamDesc = configSslParam;
configSslSet.KeyDesc = httpServiceConfigSslKey;

IntPtr pInputConfigInfo = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_SSL_SET)));
Marshal.StructureToPtr(configSslSet, pInputConfigInfo, false);

retVal = HttpSetServiceConfiguration(IntPtr.Zero,
    HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_ID.HttpServiceConfigSSLCertInfo,
    pInputConfigInfo,
    Marshal.SizeOf(configSslSet),
    IntPtr.Zero);

if ((uint)ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS == retVal)  // ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS = 183
{
    retVal = HttpDeleteServiceConfiguration(IntPtr.Zero,
    HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_ID.HttpServiceConfigSSLCertInfo,
    pInputConfigInfo,
    Marshal.SizeOf(configSslSet),
    IntPtr.Zero);

    if ((uint)NOERROR == retVal)
    {
    retVal = HttpSetServiceConfiguration(IntPtr.Zero,
        HTTP_SERVICE_CONFIG_ID.HttpServiceConfigSSLCertInfo,
        pInputConfigInfo,
        Marshal.SizeOf(configSslSet),
        IntPtr.Zero);
    }
}

有一个独立的pastebin使用netsh进行配置，但会访问接收到的证书：

for(;;)
{
    RtlZeroMemory(pRequest, RequestBufferLength);

    result = HttpReceiveHttpRequest(
                hReqQueue,          // Req Queue
                requestId,          // Req ID
                0,                  // Flags
                pRequest,           // HTTP request buffer
                RequestBufferLength,// req buffer length
                &bytesRead,         // bytes received
                NULL                // LPOVERLAPPED
                );
          if(NO_ERROR == result)
    {

        DWORD answer = 0;
        HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO sslClientCertInfo;
        ULONG bytesReceived;
        answer = HttpReceiveClientCertificate(hReqQueue, pRequest->ConnectionId, 0,
                &sslClientCertInfo, sizeof( HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO ), &bytesReceived, NULL );


        if (answer != NO_ERROR)
        {
          result = SendHttpResponse(hReqQueue, pRequest, 401, "Unauthorized request", "Unauthorized request");
        }
        else
        {
          result = SendHttpResponse(hReqQueue, pRequest, 200, "OK", "OK");
        }

        if (result != NO_ERROR)
        {
          break; //if failed to send response, stop listening for further incoming requests
        }
        //
        // Reset the Request ID to handle the next request.
        //
        HTTP_SET_NULL_ID( &requestId );
    }
    else
    {
        break;
    }

}

- Mitch