我的Caffe安装设置如下：
- MacOS 10.12 Sierra，CPU_ONLY=ON，没有CUDA，没有Anaconda，使用Python接口
- 通过Make进行编译（而不是Cmake）官方指南在此
我的cblas.h文件目录（通过Finder搜索）为：/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers
将该cblas.h路径添加到./caffe/Makefile.config中：
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
附加说明
对我来说，我有OpenBlas。这可能会影响你的情况。
BLAS := open
我也修改了./caffe/Makefile中的cblas.h路径，但不确定是否必要或有所不同。
else ifeq ($(BLAS), open)
LIBRARIES += openblas
BLAS_INCLUDE ?= /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/
结果
原始错误已消失：
Tams-MacBook-Pro:caffe tamtam$ make all
CXX src/caffe/blob.cpp
In file included from src/caffe/blob.cpp:7:
In file included from ./include/caffe/util/math_functions.hpp:11:
./include/caffe/util/mkl_alternate.hpp:14:10: fatal error: 'cblas.h' file not found
^
1 error generated.
make: *** [.build_release/src/caffe/blob.o] Error 1
但是接下来出现的错误是（输出的末尾）：
CXX src/caffe/util/upgrade_proto.cpp
AR -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_conv_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_lcn_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_lrn_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_pooling_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_relu_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_sigmoid_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_softmax_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn_tanh_layer.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(parallel.o) has no symbols
/Applications/Xcode833.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: file: .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a(cudnn.o) has no symbols
LD -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5
clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-pthread' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/lib'
ld: library not found for -lopenblas
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0-rc5] Error 1
我通过在Makefile.config中进行以下修改来解决/修复/修改：
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
BLAS_INCLUDE := $(brew --prefix openblas)/include /usr/local/Cellar/openblas/0.3.3/include
BLAS_LIB := $(brew --prefix openblas)/lib /usr/local/Cellar/openblas/0.3.3/lib
我也通过在 Makefile 中进行以下操作解决了“-pthread”警告：
-pthread。
CXXFLAGS += -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS) $(WARNINGS) -std=c++11
LINKFLAGS += -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS) $(WARNINGS) -std=c++11
再次执行make clean，cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config和make all后，这是输出的尾部，也是整个输出的要点：
In file included from ./include/caffe/caffe.hpp:12:
./include/caffe/net.hpp:41:5: warning: unused typedef 'INVALID_REQUESTED_LOG_SEVERITY' [-Wunused-local-typedef]
LOG_EVERY_N(WARNING, 1000) << "DEPRECATED: ForwardPrefilled() "
^
/usr/local/include/glog/logging.h:943:30: note: expanded from macro 'LOG_EVERY_N'
INVALID_REQUESTED_LOG_SEVERITY); \
^
1 warning generated.
CXX/LD -o .build_release/examples/cpp_classification/classification.bin
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/lib'
CXX examples/mnist/convert_mnist_data.cpp
CXX/LD -o .build_release/examples/mnist/convert_mnist_data.bin
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/lib'
CXX examples/siamese/convert_mnist_siamese_data.cpp
CXX/LD -o .build_release/examples/siamese/convert_mnist_siamese_data.bin
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/lib'
看起来
make all 成功构建，假设这个
-L/lib 错误不会引起后续问题。注意：
make all、
make test 和
make runtest 只是产生了警告，但也能正常运行。然而，
make pycaffe 却产生了更多的错误；我可能稍后会链接到我的解决方案。另外，是的，这个答案确实很长，超出了 OP 的要求，但希望我的回答能帮助其他人解决这个可怕的安装过程。
cblas.h是 openblas 或者 ATLAS 的一部分，而不是 CUDA blas 模块。 - avtomaton