在 Windows 7 的批处理(cmd.exe 命令行)中,我试图将命令的标准输出(stdout)和标准错误(stderr)重定向到不同的变量中(因此第一个变量设置为输出,第二个变量设置为错误(如果有)),而不使用任何临时文件。我已经尝试了很多次,但都没有成功。
那么,有什么可行的方法可以将命令的输出和错误分别设置为不同的变量呢?
那么,有什么可行的方法可以将命令的输出和错误分别设置为不同的变量呢?
您可以使用两个嵌套的for /F
循环,其中内部循环捕获标准输出,外部循环捕获重定向的错误。由于内部循环实例化一个新的cmd
进程,因此捕获的文本不能仅分配给一个变量,因为在执行完成后将会丢失。相反,我在每行前都加上了|
并将其输出到标准输出。外部循环检测到前导|
并相应地分隔行:
@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
set "STDOUT="
set "STDERR="
(set LF=^
%=empty line=%
)
for /F "delims=" %%E in ('
2^>^&1 ^(^
for /F "delims=" %%O in ^('^
command_line^
'^) do @^(^
echo ^^^|%%O^
^)^
^)
') do (
set "LINE=%%E"
if "!LINE:~,1!"=="|" (
set "STDOUT=!STDOUT!!LINE:~1!!LF!"
) else (
set "STDERR=!STDERR!!LINE!!LF!"
)
)
echo ** STDOUT **!LF!!STDOUT!
echo ** STDERR **!LF!!STDERR!
endlocal
exit /B
;
开头的行将被忽略;!
将会丢失,因为启用了延迟环境变量扩展;|
开头的行可能会被错误地分配;所有这些限制都适用于标准输出和标准错误。
以下是改进后的代码。已解决有关空行和以分号 ;
开头的行的问题,其他限制仍然存在:
@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
set "STDOUT="
set "STDERR="
(set LF=^
%=empty line=%
)
for /F "delims=" %%E in ('
2^>^&1 ^(^
for /F "delims=" %%O in ^('^
command_line ^^^^^^^| findstr /N /R "^"^
'^) do @^(^
echo ^^^^^^^|%%O^
^)^
^) ^| findstr /N /R "^"
') do (
set "LINE=%%E"
set "LINE=!LINE:*:=!"
if "!LINE:~,1!"=="|" (
set "STDOUT=!STDOUT!!LINE:*:=!!LF!"
) else (
set "STDERR=!STDERR!!LINE!!LF!"
)
)
echo ** STDOUT **!LF!!STDOUT!
echo ** STDERR **!LF!!STDERR!
endlocal
exit /B
findstr
命令用于在每一行前加上行号和:
,以便for /F
不会出现空行;当然,这个前缀后来会被删除。这种改变也隐含地解决了;
的问题。findstr
中,因此需要多次转义来隐藏|
字符,只要它的管道函数实际上是必需的。for /f "delims=" %%A in ('yourCommand 2^>err.log`) do set "out=%%A"
<err.log set /p "err="
del err.log
:
开头。FINDSTR将每一行前缀加上行号和:
,FOR /F解析出行号作为“数组”索引,并解析出:
后面的值。@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set /a out.cnt=err.cnt=0
for /f "delims=: tokens=1*" %%A in ('yourCommand 2^>err.log ^| findstr /n "^"') do (
set "out.%%A=%%B"
set "out.cnt=%%A"
)
for /f "delims=: tokens=1*" %%A in ('findstr /n "^" err.log') do (
set "err.%%A=%%B"
set "err.cnt=%%A"
)
:: Display the results
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
echo ** STDOUT **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %out.cnt%) do echo(!out.%%N!
echo ** STDERR **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %err.cnt%) do echo(!err.%%N!
第二次编辑
如果你想正确处理以:
开头的输出,需要额外的代码。
@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set /a out.cnt=err.cnt=0
for /f "delims=" %%A in ('yourCommand 2^>err.log ^| findstr /n "^"') do for /f "delims=:" %%N in ("%%A") do (
set "ln=%%A"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
for /f "delims=" %%B in (^""!ln:*:=!"^") do (
endlocal
set "out.%%N=%%~B"
set "out.cnt=%%N"
)
)
for /f "delims=" %%A in ('findstr /n "^" err.log') do for /f "delims=:" %%N in ("%%A") do (
set "ln=%%A"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
for /f "delims=" %%B in (^""!ln:*:=!"^") do (
endlocal
set "err.%%N=%%~B"
set "err.cnt=%%N"
)
)
:: Display the results
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
echo ** STDOUT **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %out.cnt%) do echo(!out.%%N!
echo ** STDERR **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %err.cnt%) do echo(!err.%%N!
下面是我改进了aschipfl的第二个代码,避免使用临时文件,以便保留!
字符。 代码变得越来越丑陋;-)
@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set "STDOUT="
SET "STDERR="
for /f "delims=" %%E in (
'2^>^&1 (for /f "delims=" %%O in ('^
yourCommand^
^^^^^^^| findstr /n /r "^"'^) do @(echo ^^^^^^^|%%O^)^) ^| findstr /n /r "^"'
) do (
set "ln=%%E"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "ln=x!ln:*:=!"
set "ln=!ln:\=\s!"
if "!ln:~0,2!"=="x|" (
set "ln=!ln:~0,-1!"
for /f "delims=" %%A in (^""!STDOUT!"^") do for /f "delims=" %%B in (^""!ln:*:=!"^") do (
endlocal
set "STDOUT=%%~A%%~B\n"
)
) else (
for /f "delims=" %%A in (^""!STDERR!"^") do for /f "delims=" %%B in (^""!ln:~1!"^") do (
endlocal
set "STDERR=%%~A%%~B\n"
)
)
)
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
for %%L in (^"^
%= empty line =%
^") do (
if defined STDOUT (
set "STDOUT=!STDOUT:\n=%%~L!"
set "STDOUT=!STDOUT:\s=\!"
set "STDOUT=!STDOUT:~0,-1!"
)
if defined stderr (
set "STDERR=!STDERR:\n=%%~L!"
set "STDERR=!STDERR:\s=\!"
set "STDERR=!STDERR:~0,-1!"
)
)
echo ** STDOUT **
echo(!STDOUT!
echo ** STDERR **
echo(!STDERR!
exit /b
@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set /a out.cnt=err.cnt=1
for /f "delims=" %%E in (
'2^>^&1 (for /f "delims=" %%O in ('^
yourCommand^
^^^^^^^| findstr /n /r "^"'^) do @(echo ^^^^^^^|%%O^)^) ^| findstr /n /r "^"'
) do (
set "ln=%%E"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "ln=x!ln:*:=!"
if "!ln:~0,2!"=="x|" (
set "ln=!ln:~0,-1!"
for %%N in (!out.cnt!) do for /f "delims=" %%A in (^""!ln:*:=!"^") do (
endlocal
set "out.%%N=%%~A"
set /a out.cnt+=1
)
) else (
for %%N in (!err.cnt!) do for /f "delims=" %%A in (^""!ln:~1!"^") do (
endlocal
set "err.%%N=%%~A"
set /a err.cnt+=1
)
)
)
set /a out.cnt-=1, err.cnt-=1
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
echo ** STDOUT **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %out.cnt%) do echo(!out.%%N!
echo ** STDERR **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %err.cnt%) do echo(!err.%%N!
exit /b
第三(最终?)次编辑
最后,这里有一个解决方案,除了每个捕获的输出行必须小于约8180个字节以外,其他所有限制都被消除了。
我本可以将整个代码放在一个大循环中,但是那样转义序列会非常麻烦。将代码分成较小的子例程时,计算转义序列要简单得多。
我在底部的:test例程中为一堆ECHO命令捕获了stdout和stderr。
::
:: Script to demonstrate how to run one or more commands
:: and capture stdout in one array and stderr in another array,
:: without using a temporary file.
::
:: The command(s) to run should be placed in the :test routine at the bottom.
::
@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
if "%~1" equ ":out" goto :out
if "%~1" equ ":err" goto :err
if "%~1" equ ":test" goto :test
set /a out.cnt=err.cnt=0
:: Runs :err, which runs :out, which runs :test
:: stdout is captured in out array, and stderr in err array.
for /f "delims=. tokens=1*" %%A in ('^""%~f0" :err^"') do (
for /f "delims=:" %%N in ("%%B") do (
set "ln=%%B"
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
for /f "delims=" %%L in (^""!ln:*:=!"^") do (
endlocal
set "%%A.%%N=%%~L"
set "%%A.cnt=%%N"
)
)
)
:: Show results
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
echo ** STDOUT **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %out.cnt%) do echo(!out.%%N!
echo(
echo ** STDERR **
for /l %%N in (1 1 %err.cnt%) do echo(!err.%%N!
exit /b
:err :: 1) Run the :out code, which swaps stdout with stderr
:: 2) Prefix stream 1 (stderr) output with err.###: where ### = line number
:: 3) Rredirect stream 2 (stdout) to combine with stream 1 (stderr)
2>&1 (for /f "delims=" %%A in ('^""%~f0" :out^|findstr /n "^"^"') do echo err.%%A)
exit /b
:out :: 1) Run the :test code.
:: 2) Prefix stream 1 (stdout) output with out.###: where ### = line number
:: 3) Swap stream 1 (stdout) with stream 2 (stderr)
3>&2 2>&1 1>&3 (for /f "delims=" %%A in ('^""%~f0" :test^|findstr /n "^"^"') do echo out.%%A)
exit /b
:test :: Place the command(s) to run in this routine
echo STDOUT line 1 with empty line following
echo(
>&2 echo STDERR line 1 with empty line following
>&2 echo(
echo STDOUT line 3 with poison characters "(<^&|!%%>)" (^<^^^&^|!%%^>)
>&2 echo STDERR line 3 with poison characters "(<^&|!%%>)" (^<^^^&^|!%%^>)
echo err.4:STDOUT line 4 spoofed as stderr - No problem!
>&2 echo out.4:STDERR line 4 spoofed as stdout - No problem!
echo :STDOUT line 5 leading colon preserved
>&2 echo :STDERR line 5 leading colon preserved
echo ;STDOUT line 6 default EOL of ; not a problem
>&2 echo ;STDERR line 6 default EOL of ; not a problem
exit /b
-- 输出 --
** STDOUT **
STDOUT line 1 with empty line following
STDOUT line 3 with poison characters "(<^&|!%>)" (<^&|!%>)
err.4:STDOUT line 4 spoofed as stderr - No problem!
:STDOUT line 5 leading colon preserved
;STDOUT line 6 default EOL of ; not a problem
** STDERR **
STDERR line 1 with empty line following
STDERR line 3 with poison characters "(<^&|!%>)" (<^&|!%>)
out.4:STDERR line 4 spoofed as stdout - No problem!
:STDERR line 5 leading colon preserved
;STDERR line 6 default EOL of ; not a problem
我仍然更喜欢临时文件的解决方案 ;-)
@echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set /A out=0, err=1
for /F "tokens=1* delims=:" %%a in ('(theCommand 1^>^&2 2^>^&3 ^| findstr /N "^"^) 2^>^&1') do (
if "%%a" equ "!err!" (
set "stderr[!err!]=%%b"
set /A err+=1
) else (
set /A out+=1
if "%%b" equ "" (
set "stdout[!out!]=%%a"
) else (
set "stdout[!out!]=%%a:%%b"
)
)
)
set /A err-=1
echo Lines sent to Stdout:
for /L %%i in (1,1,%out%) do echo !stdout[%%i]!
echo/
echo Lines sent to Stderr:
for /L %%i in (1,1,%err%) do echo !stderr[%%i]!
For example, if theCommand is this .bat file:
@echo off
echo Line one to stdout
echo Line one to stderr >&2
echo Line two to stderr >&2
echo Line two to stdout
Lines sent to Stdout:
Line one to stdout
Line two to stdout
Lines sent to Stderr:
Line one to stderr
Line two to stderr
findstr
是否处理流3中的数据?如果是,那么这是findstr
的另一个“隐藏功能”吗? - aschipfl1>&2 2>&3
(或2>&3, 1>&2
)有效地交换了标准输出和标准错误输出,但前提是流3之前未被定义。如果流3可能已经存在,则必须使用3>&1 1>&2 2>&3
(或3>&2 2>&1 1>&3
)。有关更多信息,请参见https://dev59.com/x2ct5IYBdhLWcg3wL6qi#12274145。 - dbenham
;
EOL问题,并获取数组索引以解决空行问题。您可以通过在stdout和stderr前缀中使用唯一的标志字符来处理任何前导字符。我会使用+
表示stdout,-
表示stderr。您可以通过仔细切换延迟扩展来保留!
。然而,尽管您的解决方案非常有创意,但我认为临时文件解决方案更快,而且实现起来简单得多。 - dbenham'
、(
或@
。 - dbenham!
的方法。它很丑陋,但它能用。 - dbenham