在Cocoa中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串

这里有几个想法的修改，而且是在Swift 4.0中完成的。

extension String
{
    subscript (i: Int) -> Character
    {
        return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy:i)]
    }

    static func Random(length:Int=32, alphabet:String="ABCDEF0123456789") -> String
    {
        let upperBound = UInt32(alphabet.count)
        return String((0..<length).map { _ -> Character in
            return alphabet[Int(arc4random_uniform(upperBound))]
        })
    }
}

使用方法：

let myHexString = String.Random()
let myLongHexString = String.Random(length:64)
let myLettersString = String.Random(length:32, alphabet:"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")

-(NSString*)randomStringWithLength:(NSUInteger)length
{
    NSMutableString* random = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:length];

    for (NSUInteger i=0; i<length; i++)
    {
        char c = '0' + (unichar)arc4random()%36;
        if(c > '9') c += ('a'-'9'-1);
        [random appendFormat:@"%c", c];
    }

    return random;
}

func randomString(_ length: Int) -> String {

    let letters : NSString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
    let len = UInt32(letters.length)

    var randomString = ""

    for _ in 0 ..< length {
        let rand = arc4random_uniform(len)
        var nextChar = letters.character(at: Int(rand))
        randomString += NSString(characters: &nextChar, length: 1) as String
    }

    return randomString
}

static const char __alphabet[] =
    "0123456789"
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+ (NSString *)randomString:(int)length
{
    NSMutableString *randomString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:length];
    u_int32_t alphabetLength = (u_int32_t)strlen(__alphabet);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        [randomString appendFormat:@"%c", __alphabet[arc4random_uniform(alphabetLength)]];
    }
    return randomString;
}

调用方法：

NSString *string = [self stringWithRandomSuffixForFile:@"file.pdf" withLength:4]

Method:

- (NSString *)stringWithRandomSuffixForFile:(NSString *)file withLength:(int)length
{
    NSString *alphabet = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    NSString *fileExtension = [file pathExtension];
    NSString *fileName = [file stringByDeletingPathExtension];
    NSMutableString *randomString = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"%@_", fileName];

    for (int x = 0; x < length; x++) {
        [randomString appendFormat:@"%C", [alphabet characterAtIndex: arc4random_uniform((int)[alphabet length]) % [alphabet length]]];
    }
    [randomString appendFormat:@".%@", fileExtension];

    NSLog(@"## randomString: %@ ##", randomString);
    return randomString;
}

Results:

## randomString: file_Msci.pdf ##
## randomString: file_xshG.pdf ##
## randomString: file_abAD.pdf ##
## randomString: file_HVwV.pdf ##

在Melvin给出的好答案基础上，这里是我编写的一个用于获取随机字符串的函数（使用SWIFT!）：

func randomStringOfLength(length:Int)->String{
    var wantedCharacters:NSString="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZY0123456789"
    var s=NSMutableString(capacity: length)
    for (var i:Int = 0; i < length; i++) {
        let r:UInt32 = arc4random() % UInt32( wantedCharacters.length)
        let c:UniChar = wantedCharacters.characterAtIndex( Int(r) )
        s.appendFormat("%C", c)
    }
    return s
}

这是调用randomStringOfLength（10）的测试结果：uXa0igA8wm

static NSUInteger length = 32;
static NSString *letters = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
NSMutableString * randomString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:length];
for (NSInteger i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    [randomString appendFormat: @"%C", [letters characterAtIndex:(NSUInteger)arc4random_uniform((u_int32_t)[letters length])]];
}

    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    uint8_t * randomBytes = NULL;
    size_t length = 200; // can of course be variable

    randomBytes = malloc( length * sizeof(uint8_t) );
    memset((void *)randomBytes, 0x0, length);

    sanityCheck = SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, length, randomBytes);

    if (sanityCheck != noErr) NSLog(@"Error generating random bytes, OSStatus == %ld.", sanityCheck);

    NSData* randomData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(const void *)randomBytes length: length];
    if (randomBytes) free(randomBytes);

    NSString* dataString = [[NSString alloc] initWithCharacters:[randomData bytes] length:[randomData length]];  // create an NSString from the random bytes
    NSData* tempData = [dataString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES];             // remove illegal characters from string
    NSString* randomString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:tempData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

#define ASCII_START_NUMERS 0x30
#define ASCII_END_NUMERS 0x39
#define ASCII_START_LETTERS_A 0x41
#define ASCII_END_LETTERS_Z 0x5A
#define ASCII_START_LETTERS_a 0x61
#define ASCII_END_LETTERS_z 0x5A

-(NSString *)getRandomString:(int)length {
    NSMutableString *result = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
    while (result.length != length) {
        NSMutableData* data = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:1];
        SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, 1, [data mutableBytes]);
        Byte currentChar = 0;
        [data getBytes:&currentChar length:1];
        NSString *s = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        if (currentChar > ASCII_START_NUMERS && currentChar < ASCII_END_NUMERS) { // 0 to 0
            [result appendString:s];
            continue;
        }
        if (currentChar > ASCII_START_LETTERS_A && currentChar < ASCII_END_LETTERS_Z) { // 0 to 0
            [result appendString:s];
            continue;
        }
        if (currentChar > ASCII_START_LETTERS_a && currentChar < ASCII_END_LETTERS_z) { // 0 to 0
            [result appendString:s];
            continue;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

修改 keithyip 的回答：

+ (NSString *)randomAlphanumericStringWithLength:(NSInteger)length
{
    static NSString * const letters = @"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        srand(time(NULL));
    });

    NSMutableString *randomString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:length];

    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        [randomString appendFormat:@"%C", [letters characterAtIndex:arc4random() % [letters length]]];
    }

    return randomString;
}