我已经在Python中实现了一个小型的基准测试,用于套接字通过TCP和UDP进行通信。令人惊讶的是,TCP的速度几乎是UDP的两倍。
为避免路由效应,服务器和客户端运行在同一Unix机器上,但在不同的线程中。
也许这段代码很有用。以下是服务器代码:
import socket
import sys
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
buffersize = 8
server_address = (host, port)
def start_UDP_server():
socket_UDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
socket_UDP.bind(server_address)
print("UDP server is running...")
while True:
data, from_address = socket_UDP.recvfrom(buffersize)
if not data: break
socket_UDP.sendto(data, from_address)
socket_UDP.close()
def start_TCP_server():
socket_TCP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket_TCP.bind(server_address)
socket_TCP.listen(1)
print("TCP server is running...")
while True:
client, client_address = socket_TCP.accept()
while True:
data = client.recv(buffersize)
if not data: break
client.sendall(data)
client.close()
你可以运行start_TCP_server()
或者start_UDP_server()
。
客户端的代码如下:
import socket
import sys
import time
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
buffersize = 8
server_address = (host, port)
client_address = (host, port+1)
N = 1000000
def benchmark_UDP():
socket_UDP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
socket_UDP.bind(client_address)
print("Benchmark UDP...")
duration = 0.0
for i in range(0, N):
b = bytes("a"*buffersize, "utf-8")
start = time.time()
socket_UDP.sendto(b, server_address)
data, from_address = socket_UDP.recvfrom(buffersize)
duration += time.time() - start
if data != b:
print("Error: Sent and received data are bot the same")
print(duration*pow(10, 6)/N, "µs for UDP")
def benchmark_TCP():
socket_TCP = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
socket_TCP.connect(server_address)
print("Benchmark TCP...")
duration = 0.0
for i in range(0, N):
b = bytes("a"*buffersize, "utf-8")
start = time.time()
socket_TCP.sendall(b)
data = socket_TCP.recv(buffersize)
duration += time.time() - start
if data != b:
print("Error: Sent and received data are bot the same")
print(duration*pow(10, 6)/N, "µs for TCP")
socket_TCP.close()
对于服务器,您可以通过benchmark_TCP()
或benchmark_UDP()
来开始基准测试。
结果在Unix上大约为25微秒(TCP),大约为54微秒(UDP),而在Windows上更糟糕(大约30微秒的TCP和200微秒以上的UDP)。为什么?我本来期望UDP会有一些优势。