Tkinter - 如何创建一个带自动完成的组合框

Question

有没有可能创建一个组合框，当你在其中输入时，它会自动更新到与其列表中最接近的项目？

例如：

A = ttk.Combobox()
A['values'] = ['Chris', 'Jane', 'Ben', 'Megan']

当你在组合框中输入“Chr”时，我希望它自动填充为“Chris”。

- TheBeardedBerry

Answer 1

tkinter维基包含自动完成文本框的代码，但因为您需要组合框，所以可以使用此代码（您要找的是AutocompleteCombobox）。

---

"""
tkentrycomplete.py

A Tkinter widget that features autocompletion.

Created by Mitja Martini on 2008-11-29.
Updated by Russell Adams, 2011/01/24 to support Python 3 and Combobox.
Updated by Dominic Kexel to use Tkinter and ttk instead of tkinter and tkinter.ttk
   Licensed same as original (not specified?), or public domain, whichever is less restrictive.
"""
import sys
import os
import Tkinter
import ttk

__version__ = "1.1"

# I may have broken the unicode...
Tkinter_umlauts=['odiaeresis', 'adiaeresis', 'udiaeresis', 'Odiaeresis', 'Adiaeresis', 'Udiaeresis', 'ssharp']

class AutocompleteEntry(Tkinter.Entry):
        """
        Subclass of Tkinter.Entry that features autocompletion.

        To enable autocompletion use set_completion_list(list) to define
        a list of possible strings to hit.
        To cycle through hits use down and up arrow keys.
        """
        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Entry, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()):  # Match case-insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if event.keysym == "Down":
                        self.autocomplete(1) # cycle to next hit
                if event.keysym == "Up":
                        self.autocomplete(-1) # cycle to previous hit
                if len(event.keysym) == 1 or event.keysym in Tkinter_umlauts:
                        self.autocomplete()

class AutocompleteCombobox(ttk.Combobox):

        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                """Use our completion list as our drop down selection menu, arrows move through menu."""
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)
                self['values'] = self._completion_list  # Setup our popup menu

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Combobox, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()): # Match case insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if len(event.keysym) == 1:
                        self.autocomplete()
                # No need for up/down, we'll jump to the popup
                # list at the position of the autocompletion

def test(test_list):
        """Run a mini application to test the AutocompleteEntry Widget."""
        root = Tkinter.Tk(className=' AutocompleteEntry demo')
        entry = AutocompleteEntry(root)
        entry.set_completion_list(test_list)
        entry.pack()
        entry.focus_set()
        combo = AutocompleteCombobox(root)
        combo.set_completion_list(test_list)
        combo.pack()
        combo.focus_set()
        # I used a tiling WM with no controls, added a shortcut to quit
        root.bind('<Control-Q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.bind('<Control-q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
        test_list = ('apple', 'banana', 'CranBerry', 'dogwood', 'alpha', 'Acorn', 'Anise' )
        test(test_list)

- sloth

---

这在处理英文字符时运作得很完美，但是几乎所有的tkinter绑定方法都无法处理非英文字符。Windows 7 - Charalamm

我通过创建一个字典来解决非英文字母的问题，其中每个非英文字母的输出作为键，字母作为值。然后，在自动完成函数声明的下面添加了一行代码 if event.keysym == '??': event.keysym = dict[chr(event.keycode)]。也许这不是一个很好的解决方案。 - Charalamm

在AutocompleteCombobox中，<<ComboboxSelected>>的等效项是什么？ - Naren Babu R

Answer 2

是的，可以通过以下示例轻松实现，该示例摘自此处：

from ttkwidgets.autocomplete import AutocompleteEntry
from tkinter import *

countries = [
        'Antigua and Barbuda', 'Bahamas','Barbados','Belize', 'Canada',
        'Costa Rica ', 'Cuba', 'Dominica', 'Dominican Republic', 'El Salvador ',
        'Grenada', 'Guatemala ', 'Haiti', 'Honduras ', 'Jamaica', 'Mexico',
        'Nicaragua', 'Saint Kitts and Nevis', 'Panama ', 'Saint Lucia', 
        'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines', 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'United States of America'
        ]

ws = Tk()
ws.title('PythonGuides')
ws.geometry('400x300')
ws.config(bg='#f25252')

frame = Frame(ws, bg='#f25252')
frame.pack(expand=True)

Label(
    frame, 
    bg='#f25252',
    font = ('Times',21),
    text='Countries in North America '
    ).pack()

entry = AutocompleteEntry(
    frame, 
    width=30, 
    font=('Times', 18),
    completevalues=countries
    )
entry.pack()

ws.mainloop()

- Elyasaf755

---

在AutocompleteCombobox中，<<ComboboxSelected>>的等效项是什么？ - Naren Babu R