Python如何更改默认编码？

sudo apt install locales 
sudo locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8    
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

如果你只想在文件读取/写入时获得稳定的UTF-8支持，而不需要在每个地方都进行相同的声明，这里有两个解决方案：

1. 在运行时修补io模块（自担风险的危险操作）

import pathlib as pathlib
import tempfile

import chardet


def patchIOWithUtf8Default():
    import builtins
    import importlib.util
    import sys
    spec = importlib.util.find_spec("io")
    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
    exec(compile(spec.loader.get_source(spec.name) + """
    def open(*args, **kwargs):
        args = list(args)
        mode = kwargs.get('mode', (args + [''])[1])
        if (len(args) < 4 and 'b' not in mode) or 'encoding' in kwargs:
            kwargs['encoding'] = 'utf8'
        elif len(args) >= 4 and args[3] is None:
            args[3] = 'utf8'
        return _io.open(*args, **kwargs)
    """, module.__spec__.origin, "exec"), module.__dict__)
    sys.modules[module.__name__] = module
    builtins.open = __import__("io").open
    importlib.reload(importlib.import_module("pathlib"))


def main():
    patchIOWithUtf8Default()
    filename = tempfile.mktemp()
    text = "Common\n常\nSense\n识\n天地玄黄"
    print("Original text:", repr(text))
    pathlib.Path(filename).write_text(text)
    encoding = chardet.detect(open(filename, mode="rb").read())["encoding"]
    print("Written encoding by pathlib:", encoding)
    print("Written text by pathlib:", repr(open(filename, newline="", encoding=encoding).read()))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

示例输出：

Original text: 'Common\n常\nSense\n识\n天地玄黄'
Written encoding by pathlib: utf-8
Written text by pathlib: 'Common\r\n常\r\nSense\r\n识\r\n天地玄黄'

2. 使用第三方库作为pathlib的包装器

https://github.com/baijifeilong/IceSpringPathLib

pip install IceSpringPathLib

import pathlib
import tempfile

import chardet

import IceSpringPathLib

tempfile.mktemp()
filename = tempfile.mktemp()
text = "Common\n常\nSense\n识\n天地玄黄"
print("Original text:", repr(text))

pathlib.Path(filename).write_text(text)
encoding = chardet.detect(open(filename, mode="rb").read())["encoding"]
print("\nWritten text by pathlib:", repr(open(filename, newline="", encoding=encoding).read()))
print("Written encoding by pathlib:", encoding)

IceSpringPathLib.Path(filename).write_text(text)
encoding = chardet.detect(open(filename, mode="rb").read())["encoding"]
print("\nWritten text by IceSpringPathLib:", repr(open(filename, newline="", encoding=encoding).read()))
print("Written encoding by IceSpringPathLib:", encoding)

示例输出：

Original text: 'Common\n常\nSense\n识\n天地玄黄'

Written text by pathlib: 'Common\r\n常\r\nSense\r\n识\r\n天地玄黄'
Written encoding by pathlib: GB2312

Written text by IceSpringPathLib: 'Common\n常\nSense\n识\n天地玄黄'
Written encoding by IceSpringPathLib: utf-8

将操作系统的默认编码设置为UTF-8。 例如，在Ubuntu上编辑文件/etc/default/locale并设置：

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

这个对我解决了问题。

import os
os.environ["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"