对于特定的图形，匹配边不唯一。
有没有办法让我找到所有的最大匹配？
对于以下示例，下面的所有边都可能是最大匹配：
{1: 2, 2: 1}或{1: 3, 3: 1}或{1: 4, 4: 1}
import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
edges = [(1,3), (1,4), (1,2)]
nx.is_bipartite(G)
True
nx.draw(G, with_labels=True)
plt.show()
不幸的是，
nx.bipartite.maximum_matching(G)
仅返回
{1: 2, 2: 1}
import networkx as nx
from networkx import bipartite
def plotGraph(graph):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111)
pos=[(ii[1],ii[0]) for ii in graph.nodes()]
pos_dict=dict(zip(graph.nodes(),pos))
nx.draw(graph,pos=pos_dict,ax=ax,with_labels=True)
plt.show(block=False)
return
def formDirected(g,match):
'''Form directed graph D from G and matching M.
<g>: undirected bipartite graph. Nodes are separated by their
'bipartite' attribute.
<match>: list of edges forming a matching of <g>.
Return <d>: directed graph, with edges in <match> pointing from set-0
(bipartite attribute ==0) to set-1 (bipartite attrbiute==1),
and the other edges in <g> but not in <matching> pointing
from set-1 to set-0.
'''
d=nx.DiGraph()
for ee in g.edges():
if ee in match or (ee[1],ee[0]) in match:
if g.node[ee[0]]['bipartite']==0:
d.add_edge(ee[0],ee[1])
else:
d.add_edge(ee[1],ee[0])
else:
if g.node[ee[0]]['bipartite']==0:
d.add_edge(ee[1],ee[0])
else:
d.add_edge(ee[0],ee[1])
return d
def enumMaximumMatching(g):
'''Find all maximum matchings in an undirected bipartite graph.
<g>: undirected bipartite graph. Nodes are separated by their
'bipartite' attribute.
Return <all_matches>: list, each is a list of edges forming a maximum
matching of <g>.
'''
all_matches=[]
#----------------Find one matching M----------------
match=bipartite.hopcroft_karp_matching(g)
#---------------Re-orient match arcs---------------
match2=[]
for kk,vv in match.items():
if g.node[kk]['bipartite']==0:
match2.append((kk,vv))
match=match2
all_matches.append(match)
#-----------------Enter recursion-----------------
all_matches=enumMaximumMatchingIter(g,match,all_matches,None)
return all_matches
def enumMaximumMatchingIter(g,match,all_matches,add_e=None):
'''Recurively search maximum matchings.
<g>: undirected bipartite graph. Nodes are separated by their
'bipartite' attribute.
<match>: list of edges forming one maximum matching of <g>.
<all_matches>: list, each is a list of edges forming a maximum
matching of <g>. Newly found matchings will be appended
into this list.
<add_e>: tuple, the edge used to form subproblems. If not None,
will be added to each newly found matchings.
Return <all_matches>: updated list of all maximum matchings.
'''
#---------------Form directed graph D---------------
d=formDirected(g,match)
#-----------------Find cycles in D-----------------
cycles=list(nx.simple_cycles(d))
if len(cycles)==0:
#---------If no cycle, find a feasible path---------
all_uncovered=set(g.node).difference(set([ii[0] for ii in match]))
all_uncovered=all_uncovered.difference(set([ii[1] for ii in match]))
all_uncovered=list(all_uncovered)
#--------------If no path, terminiate--------------
if len(all_uncovered)==0:
return all_matches
#----------Find a length 2 feasible path----------
idx=0
uncovered=all_uncovered[idx]
while True:
if uncovered not in nx.isolates(g):
paths=nx.single_source_shortest_path(d,uncovered,cutoff=2)
len2paths=[vv for kk,vv in paths.items() if len(vv)==3]
if len(len2paths)>0:
reversed=False
break
#----------------Try reversed path----------------
paths_rev=nx.single_source_shortest_path(d.reverse(),uncovered,cutoff=2)
len2paths=[vv for kk,vv in paths_rev.items() if len(vv)==3]
if len(len2paths)>0:
reversed=True
break
idx+=1
if idx>len(all_uncovered)-1:
return all_matches
uncovered=all_uncovered[idx]
#-------------Create a new matching M'-------------
len2path=len2paths[0]
if reversed:
len2path=len2path[::-1]
len2path=zip(len2path[:-1],len2path[1:])
new_match=[]
for ee in d.edges():
if ee in len2path:
if g.node[ee[1]]['bipartite']==0:
new_match.append((ee[1],ee[0]))
else:
if g.node[ee[0]]['bipartite']==0:
new_match.append(ee)
if add_e is not None:
for ii in add_e:
new_match.append(ii)
all_matches.append(new_match)
#---------------------Select e---------------------
e=set(len2path).difference(set(match))
e=list(e)[0]
#-----------------Form subproblems-----------------
g_plus=g.copy()
g_minus=g.copy()
g_plus.remove_node(e[0])
g_plus.remove_node(e[1])
g_minus.remove_edge(e[0],e[1])
add_e_new=[e,]
if add_e is not None:
add_e_new.extend(add_e)
all_matches=enumMaximumMatchingIter(g_minus,match,all_matches,add_e)
all_matches=enumMaximumMatchingIter(g_plus,new_match,all_matches,add_e_new)
else:
#----------------Find a cycle in D----------------
cycle=cycles[0]
cycle.append(cycle[0])
cycle=zip(cycle[:-1],cycle[1:])
#-------------Create a new matching M'-------------
new_match=[]
for ee in d.edges():
if ee in cycle:
if g.node[ee[1]]['bipartite']==0:
new_match.append((ee[1],ee[0]))
else:
if g.node[ee[0]]['bipartite']==0:
new_match.append(ee)
if add_e is not None:
for ii in add_e:
new_match.append(ii)
all_matches.append(new_match)
#-----------------Choose an edge E-----------------
e=set(match).intersection(set(cycle))
e=list(e)[0]
#-----------------Form subproblems-----------------
g_plus=g.copy()
g_minus=g.copy()
g_plus.remove_node(e[0])
g_plus.remove_node(e[1])
g_minus.remove_edge(e[0],e[1])
add_e_new=[e,]
if add_e is not None:
add_e_new.extend(add_e)
all_matches=enumMaximumMatchingIter(g_plus,match,all_matches,add_e_new)
all_matches=enumMaximumMatchingIter(g_minus,new_match,all_matches,add_e)
return all_matches
if __name__=='__main__':
g=nx.Graph()
edges=[
[(1,0), (0,0)],
[(1,1), (0,0)],
[(1,2), (0,2)],
[(1,3), (0,2)],
[(1,4), (0,3)],
[(1,4), (0,5)],
[(1,5), (0,2)],
[(1,5), (0,4)],
[(1,6), (0,1)],
[(1,6), (0,4)],
[(1,6), (0,6)]
]
for ii in edges:
g.add_node(ii[0],bipartite=0)
g.add_node(ii[1],bipartite=1)
g.add_edges_from(edges)
plotGraph(g)
all_matches=enumMaximumMatching(g)
for mm in all_matches:
g_match=nx.Graph()
for ii in mm:
g_match.add_edge(ii[0],ii[1])
plotGraph(g_match)
{1: 2, 2: 1}的表示法。它看起来像是两条边的集合，但由于顶点不是不相交的，所以它不是一个匹配。如果您的意思是无向边，那么没有必要将其列在两次。话虽如此，您是否找到了这个问题的解决方案？ - Abhijit Sarkar