一种选择是将其转化为整数规划问题。
假设您有n个点和分布在图表外部的n个相应标签。
可能的线路数量为n^2，如果考虑所有可能的交点，则交点数量小于n^4（如果显示了所有可能的线路）。
在我们的整数规划问题中，我们添加以下约束条件：
（决定是否打开线路（即在屏幕上显示））
- 对于图表上的每个点，只能打开与之连接的可能n条线路中的一条。
- 对于每个标签，只能打开与之连接的可能n条线路中的一条。
- 对于每对相交的线段line1和line2，这些线段中只能有零条或一条被打开。
- 可选地，我们可以最小化所有打开线路的总距离。 这增强了美感。
当同时满足所有这些约束条件时，我们就有了一个解决方案：
下面的代码生成了上述24个随机点的图表。
一旦您开始获得超过15个左右的点，程序的运行时间就会开始变慢。
我使用了
PULP包及其默认求解器。我使用PyGame进行显示。
以下是代码：
__author__ = 'Robert'
import pygame
pygame.font.init()
import pulp
from random import randint
class Line():
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
self.p1 = p1
self.p2 = p2
self.length = (p1[0] - p2[0])**2 + (p1[1] - p2[1])**2
def intersect(self, line2):
x1, y1 = self.p1
x2, y2 = self.p2
x3, y3 = line2.p1
x4, y4 = line2.p2
xtop = (x1*y2-y1*x2)*(x3-x4)-(x1-x2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4)
xbottom = (x1-x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3-x4)
ytop = (x1*y2-y1*x2)*(y3-y4)-(y1-y2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4)
ybottom = xbottom
if xbottom == 0:
if self.p1 in (line2.p1, line2.p2) or self.p2 in (line2.p1, line2.p2):
return True
return False
x = float(xtop) / xbottom
y = float(ytop) / ybottom
if min(x1, x2) <= x <= max(x1, x2) and min(x3, x4) <= x <= max(x3, x4):
if min(y1, y2) <= y <= max(y1, y2) and min(y3, y4) <= y <= max(y3, y4):
return True
return False
def solver(lines):
lines = list(lines)
prob = pulp.LpProblem("diagram labelling finder", pulp.LpMinimize)
label_points = {}
points = {}
line_variables = {}
variable_to_line = {}
for line in lines:
point, label_point = line.p1, line.p2
if label_point not in label_points:
label_points[label_point] = []
if point not in points:
points[point] = []
line_on = pulp.LpVariable("point{0}-point{1}".format(point, label_point),
lowBound=0, upBound=1, cat=pulp.LpInteger)
label_points[label_point].append(line_on)
points[point].append(line_on)
line_variables[line] = line_on
variable_to_line[line_on] = line
for lines_to_point in points.itervalues():
prob += sum(lines_to_point) == 1
for lines_to_label in label_points.itervalues():
prob += sum(lines_to_label) == 1
for line1 in lines:
for line2 in lines:
if line1 > line2 and line1.intersect(line2):
line1_on = line_variables[line1]
line2_on = line_variables[line2]
prob += line1_on + line2_on <= 1
prob += sum(i.length * line_variables[i] for i in lines)
prob.solve()
print prob.solutionTime
print pulp.LpStatus[prob.status]
print len(prob.variables())
for line_on, line in variable_to_line.iteritems():
if line_on.varValue > 0:
yield line
class Diagram():
def __init__(self, num_points=20, width=700, height=800, offset=150):
assert(num_points % 2 == 0)
self.background_colour = (255,255,255)
self.width, self.height = width, height
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Diagram Labeling')
self.screen.fill(self.background_colour)
self.offset = offset
self.points = list(self.get_points(num_points))
self.num_points = num_points
self.font_size = min((self.height - 2 * self.offset)//num_points, self.offset//4)
def get_points(self, n):
for i in range(n):
x = randint(self.offset, self.width - self.offset)
y = randint(self.offset, self.height - self.offset)
yield (x, y)
def display_outline(self):
w, h = self.width, self.height
o = self.offset
outline1 = [(o, o), (w - o, o), (w - o, h - o), (o, h - o)]
pygame.draw.lines(self.screen, (0, 100, 100), True, outline1, 1)
o = self.offset - self.offset//4
outline2 = [(o, o), (w - o, o), (w - o, h - o), (o, h - o)]
pygame.draw.lines(self.screen, (0, 200, 0), True, outline2, 1)
def display_points(self, color=(100, 100, 0), radius=3):
for point in self.points:
pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, color, point, radius, 2)
def get_label_heights(self):
for i in range((self.num_points + 1)//2):
yield self.offset + 2 * i * self.font_size
def get_label_endpoints(self):
for y in self.get_label_heights():
yield (self.offset, y)
yield (self.width - self.offset, y)
def get_all_lines(self):
for point in self.points:
for end_point in self.get_label_endpoints():
yield Line(point, end_point)
def display_label_lines(self, lines):
for line in lines:
pygame.draw.line(self.screen, (255, 0, 0), line.p1, line.p2, 1)
def display_labels(self):
myfont = pygame.font.SysFont("Comic Sans MS", self.font_size)
label = myfont.render("label", True, (155, 155, 155))
for y in self.get_label_heights():
self.screen.blit(label, (self.offset//4 - 10, y - self.font_size//2))
pygame.draw.line(self.screen, (255, 0, 0), (self.offset - self.offset//4, y), (self.offset, y), 1)
for y in self.get_label_heights():
self.screen.blit(label, (self.width - 2*self.offset//3, y - self.font_size//2))
pygame.draw.line(self.screen, (255, 0, 0), (self.width - self.offset + self.offset//4, y), (self.width - self.offset, y), 1)
def display(self):
self.display_points()
self.display_outline()
self.display_labels()
self.display_label_lines(solver(self.get_all_lines()))
diagram = Diagram()
diagram.display()
pygame.display.flip()
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
仅显示实际部件时：
如果有两个或多个点与中心共线，则可以将线稍微向一侧移动：
虽然这不会产生非常好的多线段线条，但它非常清楚地标记了图表。 另外，为使其更具吸引力，最好选择一个作为对象实际中心而不仅仅是点集中心的点作为中心。