zsh: 找不到命令(针对$EDITOR)

7
无论出于何种原因,zsh不允许我为$EDITOR变量设置命令行参数,但据我所知,它本不应该这样。我看到有人使用
export EDITOR='open -Wn'

在他们的~/.zshrc文件中添加内容,但是当我尝试这样做时,却收到了一个抱怨。
zsh: command not found: open -Wn

有什么原因导致这种情况发生吗?将$EDITOR设置为'mate''vim''open'似乎工作得很好,但'mate -w''open -Wn'不起作用。我在Mac OS X上运行zsh,屏幕内,我的~/.zshrc如下:
# -----------------------------------------------
# Screen Settings
# -----------------------------------------------

# If screen isn't already running, turn it on.
if [[ $STY == '' ]]; then
    # Execute screen.
    exec screen -aADRU
fi

# -----------------------------------------------
# Startup Scripts
# -----------------------------------------------

cd ~/Desktop
[[ -s "~/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "~/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

# -----------------------------------------------
# Environment Variables
# -----------------------------------------------

export HISTFILE=~/.zsh_history
export HISTSIZE=10000
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
export SAVEHIST=10000

export PATH=.:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/narwhal/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/share:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/universal-darwin
export EDITOR='open -Wn'
export LC_TYPE=en_US.UTF-8
export LSCOLORS=exFxcxdxAxexbxHxGxcxBx

# -----------------------------------------------
# Prompt
# -----------------------------------------------

## Root Prompt
[ $UID = 0 ] && export PROMPT="%~ +=> " && export RPROMPT="%*"

## General Prompt
[ $UID != 0 ] && export PROMPT="%~ => " && export RPROMPT="%*"

# -----------------------------------------------
# Aliases
# -----------------------------------------------

## Command Aliases
alias ..='cd ..'
alias ...='cd ../..'
alias internet='lsof -P -i -n | cut -f 1 -d " " | uniq'
alias restart='sudo shutdown -r NOW'
alias ls='ls -@1AFGph'
alias tree='tree -alCF --charset=UTF-8 --du --si'
alias mate='mate -w'
alias zshrc='$EDITOR ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc'
alias vimrc='$EDITOR ~/.vimrc.local'
alias gvimrc='$EDITOR ~/.gvimrc.local'

## Root Aliases
[ $UID = 0 ] && \
    alias rm='rm -i' && \
    alias mv='mv -i' && \
    alias cp='cp -i'

# -----------------------------------------------
# User-defined Functions
# -----------------------------------------------

# Usage: extract <file>
# Description: extracts archived files / mounts disk images.
# Note: .dmg/hdiutil is Mac OS X-specific.
extract () {
    if [ -f $1 ]; then
        case $1 in
            *.tar.bz2)  tar -jxvf $1        ;;
            *.tar.gz)   tar -zxvf $1        ;;
            *.bz2)      bunzip2 $1          ;;
            *.dmg)      hdiutul mount $1    ;;
            *.gz)       gunzip $1           ;;
            *.tar)      tar -xvf $1         ;;
            *.tbz2)     tar -jxvf $1        ;;
            *.tgz)      tar -zxvf $1        ;;
            *.zip)      unzip $1            ;;
            *.Z)        uncompress $1       ;;
            *)          echo "'$1' cannot be extracted/mounted via extract()." ;;
        esac
    else
        echo "'$1' is not a valid file."
    fi
}


# Usage: pman <manpage>
# Description: opens up the selected man page in Preview.
pman () {
    man -t $@ | open -f -a /Applications/Preview.app
}

# Usage: fp <name>
# Description: find and list processes matching a case-insensitive partial-match string.
fp () {
    ps Ao pid,comm|awk '{match($0,/[^\/]+$/); print substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)": "$1}'|grep -i $1|grep -v grep
}

# Usage: fk <name>
# Description: find and kill a process matching a case-insensitive partial-match string.
fk () {
    IFS=$'\n'
    PS3='Kill which process? (1 to cancel): '
    select OPT in "Cancel" $(fp $1); do
        if [ $OPT != "Cancel" ]; then
            kill $(echo $OPT|awk '{print $NF}')
        fi
        break
    done
    unset IFS
}

# Usage: create <file>
# Description: creates and opens a file for editing.
create () {
    touch $1 && open $1
}

# Usage: reset
# Description: 'resets' the terminal by changing the current working directory
# to the desktop and clearing the screen.
reset () {
    cd ~/Desktop; clear
}

# Usage: quit
# Description: exits the terminal.
quit () {
    killall Terminal
}

# -----------------------------------------------
# zsh Options
# -----------------------------------------------

# Directories
setopt                  \
    AUTO_CD             \
    AUTO_PUSHD          \
    CD_ABLE_VARS        \
    CHASE_DOTS          \
    CHASE_LINKS         \

# Completion
setopt                  \
    AUTO_LIST           \
    AUTO_MENU           \
    AUTO_PARAM_SLASH    \
    COMPLETE_IN_WORD    \
    LIST_TYPES          \
    MENU_COMPLETE       \
    REC_EXACT           \

# History
setopt                  \
    APPEND_HISTORY      \
    EXTENDED_HISTORY    \

# Input/Output
setopt                  \
    CORRECT             \

# Scripts and Functions
setopt                  \
    MULTIOS             \

# Other
setopt                  \
    NO_BEEP             \
    ZLE

# Key Bindings
bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char

# -----------------------------------------------
# zsh Autocompletion
# -----------------------------------------------

# Turn on auto-completion.
autoload -U compinit && compinit -C && autoload -U zstyle+

# Attempt to complete as much as possible.
zstyle ':completion:*' completer _complete _list _oldlist _expand _ignored _match _correct
zstyle ':completion:*::::' completer _expand _complete _ignored _approximate

# Sort files by name.
zstyle ':completion:*' file-sort name

# Allow for case-insensitive completion.
zstyle ':completion:*' matcher-list 'm:{a-zA-Z}={A-Za-z}'

# Color completions.
zstyle ':completion:*' list-colors ${LSCOLORS}
zstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*:processes' command 'ps -axco pid,user,command'
zstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*:processes' list-colors '=(#b) #([0-9]#)*=0=01;31'

# Set the amount of completions that triggers the menu.
zstyle ':completion:*' menu select=long

# Ignore certain patterns.
zstyle ':completion:*:functions' ignored-patterns '_*'
zstyle ':completion:*:complete:-command-::commands' ignored-patterns '*\~'
zstyle ':completion:*:*:(^rm):*:*files' ignored-patterns '*?.(o|c~|old|pro|zwc)'

# Cache completions.
zstyle ':completion::complete:*' use-cache 1
zstyle ':completion::complete:*' cache-path ~/.zcompcache/$HOST

# Allow errors.
zstyle -e ':completion:*:approximate:*' max-errors 'reply=( $(( ($#PREFIX+$#SUFFIX)/2 )) numeric )'

# Insert all expansions for expand completer (eh, don't know what this does).
zstyle ':completion:*:expand:*' tag-order all-expansions

# Formatting and messages.
zstyle ':completion:*' list-prompt '%SAt %p: Hit TAB for more, or the character to insert%s'
zstyle ':completion:*' verbose yes
zstyle ':completion:*:descriptions' format '%B%d%b'
zstyle ':completion:*:messages' format '%d'
zstyle ':completion:*:warnings' format 'No matches for: %d'
zstyle ':completion:*:corrections' format '%B%d (errors: %e)%b'
zstyle ':completion:*' group-name ''

# Offer indexes before parameters in subscripts.
zstyle ':completion:*:*:-subscript-:*' tag-order indexes parameters

Stack Overflow是一个关于编程和开发问题的网站。这个问题似乎不属于编程或开发范畴。请参阅帮助中心中的我可以在这里问什么样的问题。也许超级用户Unix&Linux Stack Exchange更适合提问。 - jww
2
@jww 这是一个6.5年前的问题,已经有了一个被接受的答案。这真的有必要吗? - Itai Ferber
3个回答

9
在zsh中,当你写$EDITOR时,它会扩展为一个单词。与其他Bourne风格的shell不同,zsh在扩展未引用的扩展时不会拆分单词。你可以使用参数扩展上的=修饰符来实现这一点。详情请参见此处
$=EDITOR $file

一种更加便携的方法是确保EDITOR中不包含任何空格。大多数应用程序将$EDITOR视为shell代码片段或由空格分隔的单词列表,但我遇到了一些将其视为命令名称的应用程序。将EDITOR指向一个shell脚本。
% cat ~/bin/EDITOR
#!/bin/sh
open -Wn -- "$@"
% grep EDITOR ~/.profile
export EDITOR=~/bin/EDITOR

谢谢!我刚刚在尝试在zsh中设置EDITOR=emacsclient -c时遇到了这个问题;我之前不知道zsh和Bash之间的这种差异。 - DGrady

3
你是如何调用编辑器的?如果你已经设置了EDITOR选项,用以下命令将会出错: $ $EDITOR file 但如果你使用以下命令,它应该可以工作: $ eval $EDITOR file

6
不必调用 eval,你可以在这个扩展中特别打开单词分割: $=EDITOR file - Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'
哇,我不知道那是可能的。太棒了! - Itai Ferber
@Gilles:你没有把那个作为答案,有什么原因吗?在我看来,那似乎是最好的答案,我很愿意给它点赞。我很想把它作为我的答案,但如果我告诉人们去点赞你的评论,答案就不容易被看到了,因为它会掉到底部。如果人们只是给我的答案点赞,我会觉得我在偷你应该得到的分数。 - iconoclast
@iconoclast 我想我觉得William的回答已经足够接近了。哦,好吧,我现在已经发布了一个答案。 - Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'

1

调用由 $EDITOR 定义的编辑器的程序可能会假定被引用的整个字符串是命令的名称。因此,它们将尝试查找名为 open -Wn 的可执行文件。

另一个问题是 open 只是打开一个操作系统认为适当的应用程序来打开文件。如果没有与文件类型关联的应用程序,则该命令将失败。


好的,那很有道理,但为什么这对别人有效,而对我无效呢? - Itai Ferber
@Itai:我不知道。坦白地说,我很惊讶其他人居然能让它工作。 - JeremyP
3
只需在bash中设置EDITOR="open -Wn"即可正常工作,因为默认情况下启用了单词拆分。也许“其他人”没有使用zsh? - William Pursell
那可能就是这样了。谢谢,William。 - Itai Ferber

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的
可以查看英文原文,
原文链接