Android:由于“java.lang.ClassNotFoundException”，Instrumentation运行失败：“找不到测试”

Question

我试图通过 "gradlew connectedAndroidTest" 运行一项仪器测试。但是我遇到以下错误：

Tests on GT-I9305 - 4.3 failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.ClassNotFoundException'

com.android.builder.testing.ConnectedDevice > hasTests[GT-I9305 - 4.3] FAILED 
No tests found.                              
:mobile:connectedAndroidTest FAILED 

这是使用--stacktrace选项的输出结果：

org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':mobile:connectedAndroidTest'.
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:69)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:46)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.execute(PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.java:35)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.execute(SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.java:64)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:58)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:42)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:53)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.java:43)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask.executeWithoutThrowingTaskFailure(AbstractTask.java:305)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.executeTask(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:79)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.processTask(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:63)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.run(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:51)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.process(DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.java:23)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:88)
        at org.gradle.execution.SelectedTaskExecutionAction.execute(SelectedTaskExecutionAction.java:29)
        at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:62)
        at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.access$200(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:23)
        at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter$2.proceed(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:68)
        at org.gradle.execution.DryRunBuildExecutionAction.execute(DryRunBuildExecutionAction.java:32)
        at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:62)
        at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:55)
        at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.doBuildStages(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:149)
        at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.doBuild(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:106)
        at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.run(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:86)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter$DefaultBuildController.run(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:80)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExecuteBuildAction.run(ExecuteBuildAction.java:33)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExecuteBuildAction.run(ExecuteBuildAction.java:24)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter.execute(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:36)
        at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter.execute(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:26)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.RunBuildAction.run(RunBuildAction.java:51)
        at org.gradle.internal.Actions$RunnableActionAdapter.execute(Actions.java:171)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$ParseAndBuildAction.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:237)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$ParseAndBuildAction.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:210)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.JavaRuntimeValidationAction.execute(JavaRuntimeValidationAction.java:35)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.JavaRuntimeValidationAction.execute(JavaRuntimeValidationAction.java:24)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$WithLogging.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:206)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$WithLogging.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:169)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExceptionReportingAction.execute(ExceptionReportingAction.java:33)
        at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExceptionReportingAction.execute(ExceptionReportingAction.java:22)
        at org.gradle.launcher.Main.doAction(Main.java:33)
        at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.EntryPoint.run(EntryPoint.java:45)
        at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.ProcessBootstrap.runNoExit(ProcessBootstrap.java:54)
        at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.ProcessBootstrap.run(ProcessBootstrap.java:35)
        at org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain.main(GradleMain.java:23)
        at org.gradle.wrapper.BootstrapMainStarter.start(BootstrapMainStarter.java:33)
        at org.gradle.wrapper.WrapperExecutor.execute(WrapperExecutor.java:130)
        at org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain.main(GradleWrapperMain.java:48)
Caused by: org.gradle.api.GradleException: There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///D:/myapp/mobile/build/outputs/reports/androidTests/connected/index.html
        at com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.DeviceProviderInstrumentTestTask.runTests(DeviceProviderInstrumentTestTask.groovy:92)
        at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:63)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.doExecute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:218)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.execute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:211)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.execute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:200)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:579)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:562)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:80)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:61)
        ... 47 more

我的AndroidManifest.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.myapp" >

    <instrumentation
        android:targetPackage="com.example.myapp"
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:name="com.example.myapp.MyApplication">
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.myapp.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
    </application>

</manifest>

我的build.gradle文件：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
apply plugin: 'robolectric'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 21
    buildToolsVersion "20.0.0"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.myapp"
        minSdkVersion 18
        targetSdkVersion 21
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            runProguard false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    sourceSets {
        androidTest {
            setRoot('src/androidTest')
        }
        test {
            setRoot('src/test')
        }
    }
}

android {
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
    }
}
configurations {
    apt
}

apt {
    arguments {
        resourcePackageName android.defaultConfig.packageName
        androidManifestFile variant.outputs[0].processResources.manifestFile
    }
}

ext {
    daggerVersion = '1.2.2';
    androidAnnotationsVersion = '3.2';
    robobindingVersion = '0.8.9';
    jodatimeVersion = '2.5.1';
    ormliteVersion = '4.48';
    ottoVersion = '1.3.5';
    commonsioVersion = '2.0.1';
    playservicesVersion = '6.1.71';
    supportv4Version = '21.0.2';
    javaxinjectVersion = '1';
    junitVersion = '4.11';
    robolectricVersion = '2.4';
}

dependencies {
    androidTestCompile files('lib/espresso-1.1.jar', 'lib/testrunner-1.1.jar', 'lib/testrunner-runtime-1.1.jar')
    androidTestCompile 'com.google.guava:guava:14.0.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.2.2'
    androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1'
    androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1'
    androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1'

    androidTestCompile("junit:junit:${junitVersion}") {
        exclude module: 'hamcrest-core'
    }
    androidTestCompile("org.robolectric:robolectric:${robolectricVersion}") {
        exclude module: 'classworlds'
        exclude module: 'commons-logging'
        exclude module: 'httpclient'
        exclude module: 'maven-artifact'
        exclude module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
        exclude module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
        exclude module: 'maven-model'
        exclude module: 'maven-project'
        exclude module: 'maven-settings'
        exclude module: 'plexus-container-default'
        exclude module: 'plexus-interpolation'
        exclude module: 'plexus-utils'
        exclude module: 'wagon-file'
        exclude module: 'wagon-http-lightweight'
        exclude module: 'wagon-provider-api'
    }

    androidTestCompile 'com.squareup:fest-android:1.0.+'

    apt "org.robobinding:codegen:$robobindingVersion"
    compile("org.robobinding:robobinding:$robobindingVersion:with-dependencies") {
        exclude group: 'com.google.guava', module: 'guava'
    }
    apt "org.androidannotations:androidannotations:${androidAnnotationsVersion}"
    compile "org.androidannotations:androidannotations-api:${androidAnnotationsVersion}"
    apt "com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:${daggerVersion}"
    compile "com.squareup.dagger:dagger:${daggerVersion}"
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    wearApp project(':wear')
    compile project(':javamail')
    compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services:${playservicesVersion}"
    compile "com.android.support:support-v4:${supportv4Version}"
    compile "com.squareup:otto:${ottoVersion}"
    compile "javax.inject:javax.inject:${javaxinjectVersion}"
    compile "com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-core:${ormliteVersion}"
    compile "com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-android:${ormliteVersion}"
    compile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: "${commonsioVersion}"
    compile "net.danlew:android.joda:${jodatimeVersion}"
}

apply plugin: 'idea'
idea {
    module {
        testOutputDir = file('build/test-classes/debug')
    }
}


android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
    def aptOutput = file("${project.buildDir}/generated/source/apt/${variant.dirName}")
    println "****************************"
    println "variant: ${variant.name}"
    println "manifest:  ${variant.processResources.manifestFile}"
    println "aptOutput:  ${aptOutput}"
    println "****************************"

    variant.javaCompile.doFirst {
        println "*** compile doFirst ${variant.name}"
        aptOutput.mkdirs()
        variant.javaCompile.options.compilerArgs += [
                '-processorpath', configurations.apt.getAsPath(),
                '-AandroidManifestFile=' + variant.processResources.manifestFile,
                '-s', aptOutput
        ]
    }
}

我的测试类:

public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {

    public MainActivityTest() {
        super(MainActivity.class);
    }

    public void testSomething() {
        assertTrue(true);
    }

}    

有什么想法吗？

- user2368140

---

我之前发布的答案似乎只能解决5.0设备的问题，后来我发现它在早期版本的设备上无法正常工作，于是我添加了如何解决早期版本设备的步骤。看起来你也在运行4.3版本。 - Lauw

@Lauw 我也有这个问题。我无法在任何API < 21的设备或模拟器上运行Espresso 2测试。 - MaciejGórski

看看我对原始答案所做的修改，这应该可以解决API < 21的设备问题。 - Lauw

@Lauw 那不是唯一的原因，但它确实是正确的方向。谢谢。 - MaciejGórski

Answer 1

我也遇到了同样的问题，通过升级至 espresso 2.0 来解决。

在你的 build.gradle 文件中替换 testInstrumentationRunner。

 testInstrumentationRunner "com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner

到

testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

并将新的依赖更新至2.0

androidTestCompile files('lib/espresso-1.1.jar', 'lib/testrunner-1.1.jar', 'lib/testrunner-runtime-1.1.jar')

到

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'

在测试中，您还需要更改命名空间，但在运行测试时会注意到此问题。

完整说明： https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/wiki/EspressoSetupInstructions

编辑：

看来我回答得太快了，我发布的答案只修复了5.0设备上的问题。以下是解决旧设备问题的方法：

通过更改以下内容来排除新依赖项中的javax.inject：

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'

至

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
    exclude group: 'javax.inject'
}

来源: 当运行Espresso测试时，Dagger代码会给出NoClassDefFoundError错误，正常运行没有问题

- Lauw

---

非常感谢您！ - w3bshark

Answer 2

我在使用 Kotlin 编写测试并在方法名中使用空格时遇到了一个问题。它会崩溃，并显示以下错误消息：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"。在 Android Studio 中，会显示：No tests where found。 测试出现问题：在 Android 上，方法名中包含空格的测试无法运行。

class RandomTest {

    @Test
    fun `do not use spaces it will not work on Android devices or emulators`() {
        assertThat(2 + 2).isEqualTo(4)
    }
}

解决方案： 删除空格后，所有内容均可以正常编译。

class RandomTest {

    @Test
    fun write_method_names_java6_compatible_without_spaces() {
        assertThat(2 + 2).isEqualTo(4)
    }
}

这可能是因为我禁用了检查 "非法Android标识符"，这样在编写JVM测试时就不会打扰我。

- passsy

Answer 3

对我来说问题是在Kotlin中添加测试，但之前没有Kotlin支持。因此我需要将其放入我的gradle：

apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'

然后删除测试配置然后再添加它。

- tonisives

Answer 4

我曾经面临过类似的问题。在我的项目中，有多个模块且启用了multidex。对我来说，问题在于一个特定的模块缺少multidex启用选项（multiDexEnabled true）。

主模块（app）的build.gradle文件如下：

...
multiDexEnabled true
testInstrumentationRunner "com.android.test.runner.MultiDexTestRunner"
...

在另一个模块（应用程序依赖的模块）中，build.gradle缺少“multiDexEnabled true”行。添加此行解决了该问题。

- Paul

Answer 5

Copying the answer from Original Answer.

This is what I noticed in my project, in my app(main) module build.gradle I had the following buildType configuration

buildTypes {
        debug {
            multiDexEnabled true
        }

        mock {
            initWith(buildTypes.debug)
        }
    }
testBuildType "mock"

When I used AndroidJUnitRunner as the test runner(both from Android Studio) and as testInstrumentationRunner in build.gradle, tests ran without hitch.

In a submodule that had multiDexEnabled true as defaultConfig

defaultConfig {
    multiDexEnabled true
    ....
}

I ran into the problem of

Test running startedTest running failed: Unable to find instrumentation info for:{mypackage.x.y/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"}

when I specified AndroidJUnitRunner in IDE and the submodule build.gradle. And this was fixed by specifying MultiDexTestRunner as the test runner in IDE/build.gradle.

To summarize, Use MultiDexTestRunner to run tests when multiDexEnabled true is specified in build.gradle, else use AndroidJUnitRunner as the test runner.

- Agnit

Answer 6

我最近在重构代码后尝试从控制台运行测试时遇到了这个问题。

解决方案是修复AndroidManifest.xml文件，因为其中包含对已经不存在的活动和其他类的引用。

当然，项目可以使用错误的清单文件编译，但是当您尝试运行它时，设备将无法找到定义的类，从而出现ClassNotFoundException。

- zsolt.kocsi

Answer 7

我通过关闭Proguard来解决了这个问题。

- Станислав Земляков