如何在Dockerfile中安装Python 3.7和Pip

Question

我正在尝试基于Ubuntu 18.04构建自定义Docker镜像。Ubuntu预装了Python 3.6，但我想要：1）安装Python 3.7，2）将其设置为默认的Python版本（以便可以使用“python”而不是“python3.7”进行调用），并且3）安装pip。在运行docker build时，它无法重新加载“~/.bashrc”，因此“python”不是“python3.7”的别名。如何解决这个问题？

FROM ubuntu:18.04

# Set temp work directory
# for package configuration
WORKDIR /usr/src/cache

# Update apt packages
RUN apt update
RUN apt upgrade -y

# Install vim
RUN apt install vim -y

# Install python 3.7
RUN apt install software-properties-common -y
RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
RUN apt install python3.7 -y

# Make python 3.7 the default
RUN echo "alias python=python3.7" >> ~/.bashrc
RUN export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin/python3.7
RUN /bin/bash -c "source ~/.bashrc"

# Install pip
RUN apt install python3-pip -y
RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip

# Install lsof
RUN apt install lsof

# Install ta-lib
# Source: https://medium.com/@artiya4u/installing-ta-lib-on-ubuntu-944d8ca24eae
RUN apt install build-essential wget -y
RUN wget https://artiya4u.keybase.pub/TA-lib/ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz
RUN tar -xvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz
RUN /bin/bash -c "cd ta-lib/; ./configure --prefix=/usr; make; make install"

# Install pip packages
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# Set working directory for code
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

在运行 docker build 命令时的输出：

Step 1/20 : FROM ubuntu:18.04
 ---> c3c304cb4f22
Step 2/20 : WORKDIR /usr/src/cache
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6bab8662b50a
Step 3/20 : RUN apt update
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4d3bc75e5b24
Step 4/20 : RUN apt upgrade -y
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 24a93e9b2518
Step 5/20 : RUN apt install software-properties-common -y
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 077ead1bcb54
Step 6/20 : RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 7771a6ac7068
Step 7/20 : RUN apt install python3.7 -y
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5f57462b0444
Step 8/20 : RUN echo "alias python=python3.7" >> ~/.bashrc
 ---> Running in c31352b84ecd
Removing intermediate container c31352b84ecd
 ---> c1060eaa66b8
Step 9/20 : RUN export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin/python3.7
 ---> Running in 5de52797c355
Removing intermediate container 5de52797c355
 ---> 2a9eb6215da8
Step 10/20 : RUN /bin/bash -c "source ~/.bashrc"
 ---> Running in cde1dd943e21
Removing intermediate container cde1dd943e21
 ---> 99eae1743824
Step 11/20 : RUN apt install python3-pip -y
 ---> Running in 2dece67c9c40

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
........[OMITTING SOME OUTPUT].......
Setting up build-essential (12.4ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Removing intermediate container 2dece67c9c40
 ---> 34c1ecded3f2
Step 12/20 : RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
 ---> Running in 32ffece96844
/bin/sh: 1: python: not found
The command '/bin/sh -c python -m pip install --upgrade pip' returned a non-zero code: 127

- j_dev

---

这个回答解决了你的问题吗？在Docker中安装pip - Yagiz Degirmenci

你可以使用现成的 python:3.7 镜像，而不是自己构建吗？ - David Maze

构建失败的确切错误是什么（在运行“~/.bashrc”时）？ - nitishagar

@DavidMaze 我可以使用库存图片，但理想情况下，我希望能够通过apt安装软件包。我认为在Docker Hub上的alpine-python镜像中不可行。 - j_dev

@nitishagar 我已经提供了运行docker build的输出结果。感谢大家的帮助！ - j_dev

Answer 1

可以使用update-alternatives将Python3.7设置为默认的Python版本。在Docker文件中安装Python3.7的命令之后，添加以下内容：

# Add 3.7 to the available alternatives
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.7 1

# Set python3.7 as the default python
RUN update-alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3.7

如果你需要让python3指向3.7版本，那么请将上述调用中的/usr/bin/python和python替换为/usr/bin/python3和python3。

- kmt