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Java AES加密和解密

javaaesencryption
23

我想使用128位AES加密和解密密码，使用16字节密钥。在解密值时，我遇到了javax.crypto.BadPaddingException错误。我在解密时漏掉了什么吗？

public static void main(String args[]) {
    Test t = new Test();
    String encrypt = new String(t.encrypt("mypassword"));
    System.out.println("decrypted value:" + t.decrypt("ThisIsASecretKey", encrypt));
}

public String encrypt(String value) {
    try {
        byte[] raw = new byte[]{'T', 'h', 'i', 's', 'I', 's', 'A', 'S', 'e', 'c', 'r', 'e', 't', 'K', 'e', 'y'};
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(value.getBytes());
        System.out.println("encrypted string:" + (new String(encrypted)));
        return new String(skeySpec.getEncoded());
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (BadPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return null;
}

public String decrypt(String key, String encrypted) {
    try {
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(skeySpec.getEncoded(), "AES"));
        //getting error here
        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted.getBytes());
        return new String(original);
    } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (BadPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return null;
}

错误信息

encrypted string:�Bj�.�Ntk�F�`�
encrypted key:ThisIsASecretKey
decrypted value:null
May 25, 2012 12:54:02 PM bean.Test decrypt
SEVERE: null
javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Given final block not properly padded
at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
at com.sun.crypto.provider.AESCipher.engineDoFinal(DashoA13*..)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(DashoA13*..)
at bean.Test.decrypt(Test.java:55)
at bean.Test.main(Test.java:24)

最终，我采用了@QuantumMechanic答案中提供的以下解决方案

public class Test {

  public String encryptionKey;

  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Test t = new Test();
    String encrypt = t.encrypt("mypassword");
    System.out.println("decrypted value:" + t.decrypt(t.encryptionKey, encrypt));
  }

  public String encrypt(String value) {
    try {
        // Get the KeyGenerator
        KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        kgen.init(256);
        // Generate the secret key specs.
        SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey();
        byte[] raw = skey.getEncoded();
        String key = new Base64().encodeAsString(raw);
        this.encryptionKey = key;
        System.out.println("------------------Key------------------");
        System.out.println(key);
        System.out.println("--------------End of Key---------------");
        SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
        String encrypt = (new Base64()).encodeAsString(cipher.doFinal(value.getBytes()));
        System.out.println("encrypted string:" + encrypt);
        return encrypt;
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (BadPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return null;
  }

  public String decrypt(String key, String encrypted) {
    try {
        Key k = new SecretKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(key), "AES");
        Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
        c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k);
        byte[] decodedValue = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encrypted);
        byte[] decValue = c.doFinal(decodedValue);
        String decryptedValue = new String(decValue);
        return decryptedValue;
    } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (BadPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
        Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    return null;
  }
}
6个回答
26
如果你使用的块密码没有包括填充方案，那么明文中的字节数必须是密码块大小的整数倍。因此，要么将明文填充到16字节的倍数（即AES块大小），要么在创建Cipher对象时指定填充方案。例如，可以使用：
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

除非你有充分的理由不这样做，否则请使用JCE实现中已经包含的填充方案。否则，你将需要自己意识到和处理许多微妙和边缘情况。

好的，你的第二个问题是你正在使用String来存储密文。

一般来说，

String s = new String(someBytes);
byte[] retrievedBytes = s.getBytes();

将不会有someBytes和retrievedBytes相同。

如果您想/必须将密文保存在String中，首先对密文字节进行base64编码，然后使用base64编码的字节构造String。然后在解密时，您将使用getBytes()从String中获取base64编码的字节，再对其进行base64解码以获得真正的密文，然后再进行解密。

产生这个问题的原因是，大多数（所有？）字符编码不能将任意字节映射到有效的字符。因此，当您从密文创建String时，String构造函数（应用字符编码将字节转换为字符）必须丢弃一些字节，因为它们没有任何意义。因此，当您从字符串中获取字节时，它们不是您放入字符串中的相同字节。

在Java（以及现代编程中），除非您确切地知道您正在处理ASCII，否则不能假设一个字符等于一个字节。这就是为什么如果您想要从任意字节构建字符串，则需要使用base64（或类似内容）的原因。

块密码加密算法要求数据（在您的情况下为mypassword）是n字节的倍数，其中n取决于密钥大小。请查看此维基部分以获取更多信息。 - user845279
我已将明文数据从“mypassword”更改为“1234567890123456”，但仍然收到相同的异常。我的密钥也是16B。 - Praneeth
完美，BASE64Encoder和BASE64Decoder完成了工作。谢谢。 - Praneeth
@Praneeth，你是怎么解决的？你在哪里使用了BASE64编码器或解码器？ - Igr
5
import javax.crypto.*;    
import java.security.*;  
public class Java {

private static SecretKey key = null;         
   private static Cipher cipher = null; 

   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
   {

      Security.addProvider(new com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE());

      KeyGenerator keyGenerator =
         KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
      keyGenerator.init(168);
      SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
      cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede");

      String clearText = "I am an Employee";
      byte[] clearTextBytes = clearText.getBytes("UTF8");

      cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
      byte[] cipherBytes = cipher.doFinal(clearTextBytes);
      String cipherText = new String(cipherBytes, "UTF8");

      cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
      byte[] decryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(cipherBytes);
      String decryptedText = new String(decryptedBytes, "UTF8");

      System.out.println("Before encryption: " + clearText);
      System.out.println("After encryption: " + cipherText);
      System.out.println("After decryption: " + decryptedText);
   }
}


// Output

/*
Before encryption: I am an Employee  
After encryption: }?ｽ?ｽj6?ｽm?ｽZyc?ｽ?ｽ*?ｽ?ｽl#l?ｽdV  
After decryption: I am an Employee  
*/
5

这里是上面提到的实现：

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.StringUtils;

try
{
    String passEncrypt = "my password";
    byte[] saltEncrypt = "choose a better salt".getBytes();
    int iterationsEncrypt = 10000;
    SecretKeyFactory factoryKeyEncrypt = SecretKeyFactory
            .getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");
    SecretKey tmp = factoryKeyEncrypt.generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec(
            passEncrypt.toCharArray(), saltEncrypt, iterationsEncrypt,
            128));
    SecretKeySpec encryptKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(),
            "AES");

    Cipher aesCipherEncrypt = Cipher
            .getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
    aesCipherEncrypt.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, encryptKey);

    // get the bytes
    byte[] bytes = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(toEncodeEncryptString);

    // encrypt the bytes
    byte[] encryptBytes = aesCipherEncrypt.doFinal(bytes);

    // encode 64 the encrypted bytes
    String encoded = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(encryptBytes);

    System.out.println("e: " + encoded);

    // assume some transport happens here

    // create a new string, to make sure we are not pointing to the same
    // string as the one above
    String encodedEncrypted = new String(encoded);

    //we recreate the same salt/encrypt as if its a separate system
    String passDecrypt = "my password";
    byte[] saltDecrypt = "choose a better salt".getBytes();
    int iterationsDecrypt = 10000;
    SecretKeyFactory factoryKeyDecrypt = SecretKeyFactory
            .getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");
    SecretKey tmp2 = factoryKeyDecrypt.generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec(passDecrypt
            .toCharArray(), saltDecrypt, iterationsDecrypt, 128));
    SecretKeySpec decryptKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp2.getEncoded(), "AES");

    Cipher aesCipherDecrypt = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
            aesCipherDecrypt.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, decryptKey);

    //basically we reverse the process we did earlier

    // get the bytes from encodedEncrypted string
    byte[] e64bytes = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(encodedEncrypted);

    // decode 64, now the bytes should be encrypted
    byte[] eBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(e64bytes);

    // decrypt the bytes
    byte[] cipherDecode = aesCipherDecrypt.doFinal(eBytes);

    // to string
    String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(cipherDecode);

    System.out.println("d: " + decoded);

}
catch (Exception e)
{
    e.printStackTrace();
}
4

尝试这个更简单的解决方案。

byte[] salt = "这是一个秘密钥匙".getBytes();
Key key = new SecretKeySpec(salt, 0, 16, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
哦，请确保您的密钥长度为16个字符。 - Kumar Bibek
密钥为16B ThisIsASecretKey。 - Praneeth
1
你提到想要加密/解密密码。我不确定你的具体用例是什么，但通常情况下，密码不会以可解密的形式存储。一般做法是对密码进行加盐，并使用适当强大的单向哈希（例如PBKDF2）。
请参考以下链接获取更多信息。

http://crackstation.net/hashing-security.htm

0

一个完整的例子，演示如何在不引发Java OutOfMemoryException 的情况下加密/解密大型视频，并使用Java SecureRandom 生成初始化向量。还展示了将密钥字节存储到数据库中，然后从这些字节重构相同密钥的过程。

https://dev59.com/2Wkx5IYBdhLWcg3wA_tS#18892960

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