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Pan & Zoom 图像

c#wpfxamlzoomingpan
143
我希望在WPF中创建一个简单的图片浏览器，使用户可以：
  • 通过鼠标拖动图像来平移。
  • 使用滑块进行缩放。
  • 显示覆盖层（例如矩形选择）。
  • 显示原始图像（如果需要，带有滚动条）。
你能解释一下如何实现吗？
我在网上没有找到好的示例。 应该使用ViewBox吗？还是ImageBrush？ 我需要ScrollViewer吗？
要获得WPF的专业Zoom Control，请查看ZoomPanel。它不是免费的，但非常易于使用，并具有许多功能-动画缩放和平移，支持ScrollViewer、鼠标滚轮支持，包括ZoomController（带有移动、缩放、矩形缩放、重置按钮）。它还附带了许多代码示例。 - Andrej Benedik
我在codeproject.com上写了一篇关于WPF缩放和平移控件实现的文章。http://www.codeproject.com/KB/WPF/zoomandpancontrol.aspx - Ashley Davis
1
不错的发现。可以免费试用，如果您打算使用它构建软件，则需要为每台计算机支付69美元的许可证费用。它是一个DLL库，所以他们无法阻止您使用它，但是如果您为客户商业构建软件，特别是要求声明和单独授权任何第三方工具的客户，您将不得不支付开发费用。在最终用户许可协议中，它没有说明是“按应用程序”计费的，因此，一旦您注册购买，它就会对您创建的所有应用程序“免费”，并且可以将已付费的许可文件复制到其中以代表购买。 - vapcguy
12个回答
2
这将缩放并平移图像，但保持图像在容器的范围内。这是一个控件，因此可以直接将样式添加到App.xaml或通过Themes/Viewport.xaml添加。
为了易读性，我还在gist和github上上传了它。
我还将其打包到nuget中。
PM > Install-Package Han.Wpf.ViewportControl

./Controls/Viewport.cs: 

public class Viewport : ContentControl
{
    private bool _capture;
    private FrameworkElement _content;
    private Matrix _matrix;
    private Point _origin;

    public static readonly DependencyProperty MaxZoomProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(MaxZoom),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new PropertyMetadata(0d));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty MinZoomProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(MinZoom),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new PropertyMetadata(0d));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ZoomSpeedProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(ZoomSpeed),
            typeof(float),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new PropertyMetadata(0f));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ZoomXProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(ZoomX),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0d, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty ZoomYProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(ZoomY),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0d, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty OffsetXProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(OffsetX),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0d, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty OffsetYProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(OffsetY),
            typeof(double),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(0d, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    public static readonly DependencyProperty BoundsProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register(
            nameof(Bounds),
            typeof(Rect),
            typeof(Viewport),
            new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(default(Rect), FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault));

    public Rect Bounds
    {
        get => (Rect) GetValue(BoundsProperty);
        set => SetValue(BoundsProperty, value);
    }

    public double MaxZoom
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(MaxZoomProperty);
        set => SetValue(MaxZoomProperty, value);
    }

    public double MinZoom
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(MinZoomProperty);
        set => SetValue(MinZoomProperty, value);
    }

    public double OffsetX
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(OffsetXProperty);
        set => SetValue(OffsetXProperty, value);
    }

    public double OffsetY
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(OffsetYProperty);
        set => SetValue(OffsetYProperty, value);
    }

    public float ZoomSpeed
    {
        get => (float) GetValue(ZoomSpeedProperty);
        set => SetValue(ZoomSpeedProperty, value);
    }

    public double ZoomX
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(ZoomXProperty);
        set => SetValue(ZoomXProperty, value);
    }

    public double ZoomY
    {
        get => (double) GetValue(ZoomYProperty);
        set => SetValue(ZoomYProperty, value);
    }

    public Viewport()
    {
        DefaultStyleKey = typeof(Viewport);

        Loaded += OnLoaded;
        Unloaded += OnUnloaded;
    }

    private void Arrange(Size desired, Size render)
    {
        _matrix = Matrix.Identity;

        var zx = desired.Width / render.Width;
        var zy = desired.Height / render.Height;
        var cx = render.Width < desired.Width ? render.Width / 2.0 : 0.0;
        var cy = render.Height < desired.Height ? render.Height / 2.0 : 0.0;

        var zoom = Math.Min(zx, zy);

        if (render.Width > desired.Width &&
            render.Height > desired.Height)
        {
            cx = (desired.Width - (render.Width * zoom)) / 2.0;
            cy = (desired.Height - (render.Height * zoom)) / 2.0;

            _matrix = new Matrix(zoom, 0d, 0d, zoom, cx, cy);
        }
        else
        {
            _matrix.ScaleAt(zoom, zoom, cx, cy);
        }
    }

    private void Attach(FrameworkElement content)
    {
        content.MouseMove += OnMouseMove;
        content.MouseLeave += OnMouseLeave;
        content.MouseWheel += OnMouseWheel;
        content.MouseLeftButtonDown += OnMouseLeftButtonDown;
        content.MouseLeftButtonUp += OnMouseLeftButtonUp;
        content.SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
        content.MouseRightButtonDown += OnMouseRightButtonDown;
    }

    private void ChangeContent(FrameworkElement content)
    {
        if (content != null && !Equals(content, _content))
        {
            if (_content != null)
            {
                Detatch();
            }

            Attach(content);
            _content = content;
        }
    }

    private double Constrain(double value, double min, double max)
    {
        if (min > max)
        {
            min = max;
        }

        if (value <= min)
        {
            return min;
        }

        if (value >= max)
        {
            return max;
        }

        return value;
    }

    private void Constrain()
    {
        var x = Constrain(_matrix.OffsetX, _content.ActualWidth - _content.ActualWidth * _matrix.M11, 0);
        var y = Constrain(_matrix.OffsetY, _content.ActualHeight - _content.ActualHeight * _matrix.M22, 0);

        _matrix = new Matrix(_matrix.M11, 0d, 0d, _matrix.M22, x, y);
    }

    private void Detatch()
    {
        _content.MouseMove -= OnMouseMove;
        _content.MouseLeave -= OnMouseLeave;
        _content.MouseWheel -= OnMouseWheel;
        _content.MouseLeftButtonDown -= OnMouseLeftButtonDown;
        _content.MouseLeftButtonUp -= OnMouseLeftButtonUp;
        _content.SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
        _content.MouseRightButtonDown -= OnMouseRightButtonDown;
    }

    private void Invalidate()
    {
        if (_content != null)
        {
            Constrain();

            _content.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0, 0);
            _content.RenderTransform = new MatrixTransform(_matrix);
            _content.InvalidateVisual();

            ZoomX = _matrix.M11;
            ZoomY = _matrix.M22;

            OffsetX = _matrix.OffsetX;
            OffsetY = _matrix.OffsetY;

            var rect = new Rect
            {
                X = OffsetX * -1,
                Y = OffsetY * -1,
                Width = ActualWidth,
                Height = ActualHeight
            };

            Bounds = rect;
        }
    }

    public override void OnApplyTemplate()
    {
        base.OnApplyTemplate();
        _matrix = Matrix.Identity;
    }

    protected override void OnContentChanged(object oldContent, object newContent)
    {
        base.OnContentChanged(oldContent, newContent);

        if (Content is FrameworkElement element)
        {
            ChangeContent(element);
        }
    }

    private void OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (Content is FrameworkElement element)
        {
            ChangeContent(element);
        }

        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
        Loaded -= OnLoaded;
    }

    private void OnMouseLeave(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        if (_capture)
        {
            Released();
        }
    }

    private void OnMouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsEnabled && !_capture)
        {
            Pressed(e.GetPosition(this));
        }
    }

    private void OnMouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsEnabled && _capture)
        {
            Released();
        }
    }

    private void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsEnabled && _capture)
        {
            var position = e.GetPosition(this);

            var point = new Point
            {
                X = position.X - _origin.X,
                Y = position.Y - _origin.Y
            };

            var delta = point;
            _origin = position;

            _matrix.Translate(delta.X, delta.Y);

            Invalidate();
        }
    }

    private void OnMouseRightButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsEnabled)
        {
            Reset();
        }
    }

    private void OnMouseWheel(object sender, MouseWheelEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsEnabled)
        {
            var scale = e.Delta > 0 ? ZoomSpeed : 1 / ZoomSpeed;
            var position = e.GetPosition(_content);

            var x = Constrain(scale, MinZoom / _matrix.M11, MaxZoom / _matrix.M11);
            var y = Constrain(scale, MinZoom / _matrix.M22, MaxZoom / _matrix.M22);

            _matrix.ScaleAtPrepend(x, y, position.X, position.Y);

            ZoomX = _matrix.M11;
            ZoomY = _matrix.M22;

            Invalidate();
        }
    }

    private void OnSizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (_content?.IsMeasureValid ?? false)
        {
            Arrange(_content.DesiredSize, _content.RenderSize);

            Invalidate();
        }
    }

    private void OnUnloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        Detatch();

        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
        Unloaded -= OnUnloaded;
    }

    private void Pressed(Point position)
    {
        if (IsEnabled)
        {
            _content.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
            _origin = position;
            _capture = true;
        }
    }

    private void Released()
    {
        if (IsEnabled)
        {
            _content.Cursor = null;
            _capture = false;
        }
    }

    private void Reset()
    {
        _matrix = Matrix.Identity;

        if (_content != null)
        {
            Arrange(_content.DesiredSize, _content.RenderSize);
        }

        Invalidate();
    }
}

./Themes/Viewport.xaml:

<ResourceDictionary ... >

    <Style TargetType="{x:Type controls:Viewport}"
           BasedOn="{StaticResource {x:Type ContentControl}}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type controls:Viewport}">
                    <Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
                        <Grid ClipToBounds="True"
                              Width="{TemplateBinding Width}"
                              Height="{TemplateBinding Height}">
                            <Grid x:Name="PART_Container">
                                <ContentPresenter x:Name="PART_Presenter" />
                            </Grid>
                        </Grid>
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

</ResourceDictionary>

./App.xaml

<Application ... >
    <Application.Resources>
        <ResourceDictionary>
            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>

                <ResourceDictionary Source="./Themes/Viewport.xaml"/>

            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        </ResourceDictionary>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

使用方法：

<viewers:Viewport>
    <Image Source="{Binding}"/>
</viewers:Viewport>

任何问题请告诉我。 愉快的编码 :)
顺便说一句，你使用依赖属性的方法有误。对于缩放和平移，你不能把代码放在属性设置器中，因为绑定时根本不会调用它。你需要在依赖属性本身上注册Change和Coerce处理程序，并在那里执行相关操作。 - Etienne Charland
这个解决方案很棒，但我无法弄清楚为什么鼠标滚轮在放大和缩小图像时似乎会有一种奇怪的向一个方向拉动的感觉，而不是使用鼠标指针位置作为缩放原点。我是疯了还是有什么合理的解释？ - Paul Karkoska
我正在努力尝试在ScrollViewer控件中使其始终正常工作。我稍微修改了一下，使用光标位置作为比例起点（使用鼠标位置缩放），但真的需要一些关于如何在ScrollViewer内使其正常工作的输入。谢谢！ - Paul Karkoska
我终于成功完成了这个项目。我已经将它上传到我的gist页面，链接在这里https://gist.github.com/ahancock1/a2958f7eedd3e8d13e6ddda8feef0a65 - 我甚至可能会将它打包成NuGet包。 - Adam H
@AdamH，你能否也添加一个小地图来显示用户在图像上的位置？ - Karina Kozarova
显示剩余2条评论
0

对于@Wiesław Šoltés的出色解决方案上面，我有一个补充。

现有的代码通过右键单击来重置图像位置，但我更习惯使用双击来完成。只需替换现有的child_MouseLeftButtonDown处理程序：

private void child_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        if (child != null)
        {
            var tt = GetTranslateTransform(child);
            start = e.GetPosition(this);
            origin = new Point(tt.X, tt.Y);
            this.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
            child.CaptureMouse();
        }
    }

使用这个：

private void child_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        if ((e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Left && e.ClickCount == 1))
        {
            if (child != null)
            {
                var tt = GetTranslateTransform(child);
                start = e.GetPosition(this);
                origin = new Point(tt.X, tt.Y);
                this.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
                child.CaptureMouse();
            }
        }

        if ((e.ChangedButton == MouseButton.Left && e.ClickCount == 2))
        {
            this.Reset();
        }
    }
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