获取当前目录下所有子目录的列表

dirs_rglob = [x for x in folder.rglob('*') if x.is_dir()]
dirs_walk = [x[0] for x in os.walk(folder)]
dirs_custom = fast_scandir(folder)

其中fast_scandir()是由用户136036建议的自定义函数，请参见下面的代码。我使用以下Python代码测试了性能：

from pathlib import Path
from os import walk,scandir
from time import monotonic

#user136036 custom code:
def fast_scandir(dirname):
    subfolders= [f.path for f in scandir(dirname) if f.is_dir()]
    for dirname in list(subfolders):
        subfolders.extend(fast_scandir(dirname))
    return subfolders

folder = Path('c:/xampp/htdocs/fonts') # Insert your path here 
msg = 'Using {}, seconds: {}, number of folders: {}.\n'

start = monotonic()
dirs_rglob = [x for x in folder.rglob('*') if x.is_dir()]
print(msg.format('Path.rglob', monotonic() - start, len(dirs_rglob)))

start = monotonic()
dirs_walk = [x[0] for x in walk(folder)]
print(msg.format('os.walk', monotonic() - start, len(dirs_walk)))

start = monotonic()
dirs_custom = fast_scandir(folder)
print(msg.format('fast_scandir', monotonic() - start, len(dirs_custom)))

正如用户136036所述，他的自定义方法是最快的，但与os.walk（folder）相比并不多，而folder.rglob（'*'）真的非常慢。由于自定义方法并没有快多少，我使用os.walk（folder），因为后者对于系统文件夹或回收站在Windows操作系统中没有问题。

如果您只需要立即文件夹的列表，可以使用

dirs_iter = [ f for f in folder.iterdir()  if f.is_dir()]
dirs_scan = [ f.path for f in os.scandir(folder)  if f.is_dir()]

经过测试，两种方法的运行时间都非常短，其中folder.iterdir()方法有时略微更快。

总之：对于整个子目录树，请使用os.walk(folder)，对于直接子目录，请使用folder.iterdir()或os.scandir(folder)。

import os
import json

class GetDirectoryList():
    def __init__(self, path):
        self.main_path = path
        self.absolute_path = []
        self.relative_path = []


    def get_files_and_folders(self, resp, path):
        all = os.listdir(path)
        resp["files"] = []
        for file_folder in all:
            if file_folder != "." and file_folder != "..":
                if os.path.isdir(path + "/" + file_folder):
                    resp[file_folder] = {}
                    self.get_files_and_folders(resp=resp[file_folder], path= path + "/" + file_folder)
                else:
                    resp["files"].append(file_folder)
                    self.absolute_path.append(path.replace(self.main_path + "/", "") + "/" + file_folder)
                    self.relative_path.append(path + "/" + file_folder)
        return resp, self.relative_path, self.absolute_path

    @property
    def get_all_files_folder(self):
        self.resp = {self.main_path: {}}
        all = self.get_files_and_folders(self.resp[self.main_path], self.main_path)
        return all

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mylib = GetDirectoryList(path="sample_folder")
    file_list = mylib.get_all_files_folder
    print (json.dumps(file_list))

而示例目录看起来像这样

sample_folder/
    lib_a/
        lib_c/
            lib_e/
                __init__.py
                a.txt
            __init__.py
            b.txt
            c.txt
        lib_d/
            __init__.py
        __init__.py
        d.txt
    lib_b/
        __init__.py
        e.txt
    __init__.py

得到的结果

[
  {
    "files": [
      "__init__.py"
    ],
    "lib_b": {
      "files": [
        "__init__.py",
        "e.txt"
      ]
    },
    "lib_a": {
      "files": [
        "__init__.py",
        "d.txt"
      ],
      "lib_c": {
        "files": [
          "__init__.py",
          "c.txt",
          "b.txt"
        ],
        "lib_e": {
          "files": [
            "__init__.py",
            "a.txt"
          ]
        }
      },
      "lib_d": {
        "files": [
          "__init__.py"
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  [
    "sample_folder/lib_b/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_b/e.txt",
    "sample_folder/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/a.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/c.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_c/b.txt",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/lib_d/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/__init__.py",
    "sample_folder/lib_a/d.txt"
  ],
  [
    "lib_b/__init__.py",
    "lib_b/e.txt",
    "sample_folder/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/lib_e/a.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_c/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/lib_c/c.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_c/b.txt",
    "lib_a/lib_d/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/__init__.py",
    "lib_a/d.txt"
  ]
]

这是一个简单的递归解决方案

import os
def fn(dir=r"C:\Users\aryan\Downloads\opendatakit"):  # 1.Get file names from directory
    file_list = os.listdir(dir)
    res = []
    # print(file_list)
    for file in file_list:
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir, file)):
                res.append(file)
        else:
            result = fn(os.path.join(dir, file))
            if result:
                res.extend(fn(os.path.join(dir, file)))
    return res


res = fn()
print(res)
print(len(res))

import os
path = "test/"
files = [x[0] + "/" + y for x in os.walk(path) if len(x[-1]) > 0 for y in x[-1]]

这应该可以工作，因为它还创建了一个目录树；

import os
import pathlib

def tree(directory):
    print(f'+ {directory}')
    print("There are " + str(len(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))) + \
    " folders in this directory;")
    for path in sorted(directory.glob('*')):
        depth = len(path.relative_to(directory).parts)
        spacer = '    ' * depth
        print(f'{spacer}+ {path.name}')

使用 pathlib 库，应该列出文件夹中的所有目录。 path.relative_to(directory).parts 获取相对于当前工作目录的元素。