问题概述
我正在尝试学习如何构建交叉编译器,具体来说是在一个64位Intel OS X主机上针对i386-apple-darwin(32位Intel)构建GNU gcc
4.7.2的版本。然而,我一直卡在同一个错误上:
...
checking for i386-apple-darwin-gcc... /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/bin/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/lib/ -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/include -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/sys-include
checking for suffix of object files... configure: error: in `/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/libgcc':
configure: error: cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compile
See `config.log' for more details.
make[1]: *** [configure-target-libgcc] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2
构建过程
我首先构建了一个针对 i386-apple-darwin
目标的 GNU binutils
版本,它可以访问 GNU gcc
构建文件夹:
$ cd third-party
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.23.2.tar.bz2
$ tar xjvf binutils-2.23.2.tar.bz2
$ mkdir i386-apple-darwin
$ mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils
$ ../binutils-2.23.2/configure --target=i386-apple-darwin --prefix="/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc"
$ make all && make install
...
然后我尝试按如下方式构建一个针对特定目标的gcc
版本:
$ cd ..
$ pwd
/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.7.2/gcc-4.7.2.tar.bz2
$ tar xvjf gcc-4.7.2.tar.bz2
$ cd gcc-4.7.2
$ ./contrib/download_prerequisites
... /* this grabs GMP, MPC and MPFR dependencies */
$ cd ..
$ mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc
$ ../gcc-4.7.2/configure --target=i386-apple-darwin --prefix="/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/Bedops/bedops/third-party/i386-apple-gcc"
$ make
...
大约编译了30分钟后,出现了上面显示的错误信息。
错误详情
为了追踪错误来源,这里提供了build-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/libgcc/config.log
的代码片段:
configure:3344: /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/bin/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/lib/ -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/include -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/sys-include -V >&5
xgcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-V'
xgcc: fatal error: no input files
compilation terminated.
configure:3355: $? = 1
configure:3344: /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/bin/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/lib/ -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/include -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/sys-include -qversion >&5
xgcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-qversion'
xgcc: fatal error: no input files
compilation terminated.
configure:3355: $? = 1
configure:3371: /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/bin/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/lib/ -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/include -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/sys-include -o conftest -g -O2 conftest.c >&5
Assembler messages:
Fatal error: invalid listing option `r'
configure:3374: $? = 1
configure:3562: checking for suffix of object files
configure:3584: /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/xgcc -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/./gcc/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/bin/ -B/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/lib/ -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/include -isystem /Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/i386-apple-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/sys-include -c -g -O2 conftest.c >&5
Assembler messages:
Fatal error: invalid listing option `r'
configure:3588: $? = 1
configure: failed program was:
| /* confdefs.h */
| #define PACKAGE_NAME "GNU C Runtime Library"
| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libgcc"
| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "1.0"
| #define PACKAGE_STRING "GNU C Runtime Library 1.0"
| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT ""
| #define PACKAGE_URL "http://www.gnu.org/software/libgcc/"
| /* end confdefs.h. */
|
| int
| main ()
| {
|
| ;
| return 0;
| }
configure:3602: error: in `/Users/alexpreynolds/Developer/third-party/build-gcc/i386-apple-darwin/libgcc':
configure:3605: error: cannot compute suffix of object files: cannot compile
See `config.log' for more details.
我正在引导启动的编译器
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin12/4.7.2/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin12
Configured with: ../gcc-4.7.2/configure --prefix=/opt/local --build=x86_64-apple-darwin12 --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,lto,fortran,java --libdir=/opt/local/lib/gcc47 --includedir=/opt/local/include/gcc47 --infodir=/opt/local/share/info --mandir=/opt/local/share/man --datarootdir=/opt/local/share/gcc-4.7 --with-libiconv-prefix=/opt/local --with-local-prefix=/opt/local --with-system-zlib --disable-nls --program-suffix=-mp-4.7 --with-gxx-include-dir=/opt/local/include/gcc47/c++/ --with-gmp=/opt/local --with-mpfr=/opt/local --with-mpc=/opt/local --with-ppl=/opt/local --with-cloog=/opt/local --enable-cloog-backend=isl --disable-cloog-version-check --enable-stage1-checking --enable-lto --enable-libstdcxx-time --with-as=/opt/local/bin/as --with-ld=/opt/local/bin/ld --with-ar=/opt/local/bin/ar --with-bugurl=https://trac.macports.org/newticket --disable-ppl-version-check --with-pkgversion='MacPorts gcc47 4.7.2_2+universal'
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 (MacPorts gcc47 4.7.2_2+universal)
问题
我在设置coreutils
或gcc
的构建环境时是否错过了某个步骤,导致出现此错误?
在尝试解决此错误时,我还可以查找什么其他故障排除方法?我的谷歌搜索并没有带来太多收获。
更改
我按照以下方式更改了构建脚本:
#!/bin/bash -x
WORK_DIR=$PWD
INSTALL_DIR=$WORK_DIR/gcc-4.7.2-darwin
MIN_OSX_VERSION=10.5
if [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR" ]; then
echo "Directory $INSTALL_DIR already exists";
exit 1
fi
BINUTILS=binutils-2.23.2
TARBALL_BINUTILS=$BINUTILS.tar.bz2
URL_BINUTILS=http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/$TARBALL_BINUTILS
SOURCE_BINUTILS_DIR=$WORK_DIR/$BINUTILS
BUILD_BINUTILS_DIR=$WORK_DIR/build-$BINUTILS
GCC=gcc-4.7.2
TARBALL_GCC=$GCC.tar.bz2
URL_GCC=http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gcc/$GCC/$TARBALL_GCC
SOURCE_GCC_DIR=$WORK_DIR/$GCC
BUILD_GCC_DIR=$WORK_DIR/build-$GCC
curl -O $URL_BINUTILS
mkdir -p $SOURCE_BINUTILS_DIR
tar -xjvf $TARBALL_BINUTILS
rm $TARBALL_BINUTILS
mkdir -p $BUILD_BINUTILS_DIR
cd $BUILD_BINUTILS_DIR
$SOURCE_BINUTILS_DIR/configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR
make -j $(sysctl -n hw.availcpu) all CFLAGS='-Wno-error' && make install
find $INSTALL_DIR -name '*strip*' -delete
cd $WORK_DIR
curl -O $URL_GCC
mkdir -p $SOURCE_GCC_DIR
tar -xvjf $TARBALL_GCC
rm $TARBALL_GCC
cd $SOURCE_GCC_DIR
sed -i '' -e 's/wget/curl -O/g' $SOURCE_GCC_DIR/contrib/download_prerequisites
$SOURCE_GCC_DIR/contrib/download_prerequisites
cd $WORK_DIR
mkdir -p $BUILD_GCC_DIR
cd $BUILD_GCC_DIR
$SOURCE_GCC_DIR/configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR --enable-languages=c,c++
make -j $(sysctl -n hw.availcpu) CFLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=$MIN_OSX_VERSION" && make install
find $INSTALL_DIR -name '*.a' -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 ranlib
rm -Rf $BUILD_GCC_DIR
rm -Rf $BUILD_BINUTILS_DIR
rm -Rf $SOURCE_GCC_DIR
rm -Rf $SOURCE_BINUTILS_DIR
由于构建库的过程中出现了许多错误,所以需要进行 ranlib
步骤。
要构建一个 i386
二进制文件,需要在 Makefile
中执行以下操作:
ARCH = i386
...
GCCDIR = ${PARTY3}/gcc-4.7.2-darwin
GCCBINDIR = ${GCCDIR}/bin
GCCLIBDIR = ${GCCDIR}/lib
GCCINCDIR = ${GCCDIR}/include
...
LIBCPP = libgcc_eh.a
LIBCXX = libstdc++.a
...
INCLUDES = -I${GCCINCDIR} ...
...
CC = ${GCCBINDIR}/gcc
CXX = ${GCCBINDIR}/g++
...
GCCCPPLIBPATH = ${GCCLIBDIR}/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin12.3.0/4.7.2/${ARCH}/${LIBCPP}
GCCCXXLIBPATH = ${GCCLIBDIR}/${ARCH}/${LIBCXX}
...
FLAGS = ${SFLAGS} ${NONSTATICFLAGS} ${OBJS} -L${GCCLIBDIR} ...
...
run: dependencies
mkdir -p ${BIN} && ${CXX} -o ${BIN}/${PROG}_${ARCH} ${FLAGS} -static-libgcc -mmacosx-version-min=${MIN_OSX_VERSION} -arch ${ARCH} ... ${GCCCPPLIBPATH} ${GCCCXXLIBPATH} ${SOURCE1}
Makefile
更改摘要:
我不得不添加
-static-libgcc
标志,并省略-static-libstdc++
,它没有任何效果(除了导致构建失败,直到我在静态库上运行ranlib
,这修复了构建失败,但对-static-libstdc++
没有影响)。我将
${GCCCPPLIBPATH}
和${GCCCXXLIBPATH}
添加到run
目标中,每个目标分别指向静态C和C++库libgcc_eh.a
和libstdc++.a
。
这使我能够编译一个可用的i386
(32位)二进制文件,但是同一GCC安装无法构建一个可用的x86_64
(64位)二进制文件。
xgcc
失败的情况看起来像是针对 IBM 的xlc
等编译器的选项。也就是说,配置脚本是否对正在使用的编译器感到困惑了?我会通过追溯生成错误的配置行并尝试理解如何生成该配置行来开始调查。 - Nathan Kidd